Modern LED sources and harmonic pollution, which they caused

Transcription

1 Modern LED sources and armonic pollution, wic tey caused assoc. prof. Orlin Lyubomirov Petrov, PD - University of Ruse, Ruse, BULGARIA eng. Petya Valentinova Petrova, PD student - University of Ruse, Ruse, BULGARIA Abstract In recent years, tere was increased use of advanced ligt sources wit electronic control gear (LED Sources). Tis inevitably affects te generation of armonic pollution in te power grids for ligting. Te report presents a study of armonic pollution in power grids for ligting. Te aim of te study was to analyze te impact of modern LED sources on te quality of energy in ligting power grids. Tere are examined te impact of Retrofit LED lamps, produced by different manufacturers, on te armonic pollution in power grids. Tere are sown te basic results of tis study. Keywords: Harmonics from LED, LED, Harmonic pollution. INTRODUCTION In recent years, LED ligt sources are increasingly used. Along wit teir undisputed advantages (good energy efficiency, long service life, etc.) some disadvantages are also reported. Te main disadvantage, in terms of energy supply systems, is tat tey are semiconductor devices powered wit DC voltage. To ensure adequate supply conditions of LED sources, electronic drivers are mainly used for te power supply, wic essentially are pulse power supplying devices. Te use of tese devices usually results in te generation of armonic distortion components tat return to te power supply network and cause a armonic "pollution" [1, 2]. Te purpose of tis paper is to investigate te armonic "pollution" in te electrical power networks for ligting caused by te use of LED ligt sources. BODY PART An energy system does not operate in a clean sinusoidal state under non-linear loads. Te effect of armonics sould be taken into account. In te case wen armonics exist in te power supply system, te instantaneous voltage and current values can be sown as: x M t X sin w t 1., (1) were is te number of armonics, М means te igest armonic, and accordingly X, w and α are te amplitudes of te signal (voltage or current), te frequency and te pase angle in te 3rd armonic. Te total active power can be sown as a sum of components associated wit te main and oter armonics P P1, (2) P 1

2 were Р1 is known as te main active power, since it is linked to te main armonic ( = 1); P - includes te sum of all armonic components of ( 2) and it is indicated as an active armonic power. SUBJECT OF THE STUDY In conducting te study of armonic pollution in power grids for ligting caused by te modern LED sources, LED lamps of te 10 leading companies on te Bulgarian market are used. Examined lamps ave got different ousings, different color temperature, different power and different purpose. Names of companies are intentionally not mentioned. Principal types of models of LED lamps subject to te study are: - Retrofit LED lamps (replacing te classic incandescent lamps) Fig. 1; - LED ligt sources, Downligt Fig. 2; - LED ligt sources replacing alogen incandescent lamps wit G9 socket, MR16, etc. Fig. 3; - LED ligt sources replacing fluorescent lamps Fig. 4. Figure 1. Retrofit LED lamp Figure 2. LED lamp, Downligt Figure 3. LED lamp wit G9 socket Figure 4. LED tube lamp, replacing fluorescent lamp 2

3 STUDY RESULTS Measurement of electrical tecnical qualities is performed by using a LEM ANALYST 3Q analyzer. Te analyzer give te possiblity to measure all electrical quantities relating to te electrical energy quality in te power supply network. During te study, te requirements of te electrical energy quality standard were followed. Every ligt source was subject to an independent study. Summary data from te Study are sown in Table 1. Type of LED source Table 1 Study Results from te different types of LED ligt sources. P, W S, VA cos φ PF QB, VAR THD U, THD I, LED A60 BULB SKU-4378 VT-2007 Cool Wite 6000K ,545 0, ,7 61,0 LED A60 BULB SKU-4376 VT ,520 0, ,7 61,6 VT-1878 Nature Wite 4500K 4 9 0,839 0, ,6 99,9 VT-1878 Warm Wite 3000K 4 8 0,834 0, ,6 99,9 LED G9 LAMP VT-1849 Warm Wite 3000K 3 7 0,933 0, ,7 99,9 GLASS TUBE VT-6272 SMD Cool Wite 6000K ,907 0, ,9 99,9 LED LAMP PREMIUM ,942 0, ,7 99,8 LED LAMP PREMIUM Neutral Wite 4200K ,940 0, ,6 99,8 3

4 Table 1 (continued) Study Results from te different types of LED ligt sources. Denomination, type of LED source P, W S, VA cos φ PF QB, VAR THD U, THD I, ,924 0, ,6 99,9 Neutral Wite 4200K ,928 0, ,5 99,9 LED G ,333 0, ,6 55,1 LED T8 TUBE Cool Wite 6000K 8 9 0,952 0, ,8 19,6 LED bulb Core Pro LED bulb LED G9 Core Pro LED T8 TUBE Cool Wite 6000K 6 8 0,870 0, ,5 57, ,954 0, ,9 99, ,500 0, ,4 65, ,301 0, ,8 55, ,969 0, ,9 22,6 Following te comparison of te resulted data, it is noticeable tat a ig deviation of power factor (PF) and cosφ is mainly observed in low-budget LED sources, wic in turn results into reactive power increase. As seen, in most cases, te power indicated by te manufacturer of te ligt source is usually more tan twice iger compared to te actual power. Also, in most cases, te value of parameters caracterizing te armonic pollution under THD I current is very ig. 4

5 CONCLUSION Based on te Study of armonic pollution in electrical net for ligting caused by te modern LED sources, te following conclusions can be drawn: 1. Study of armonic pollution in te power networks caused by LED ligting sources is carried out by means of te Electrical Energy Quality Analyzer; 2. Most parameters of low-cost LED sources are deteriorated PF, cos φ, THD I, etc.; 3. Deteriorated performance parameters in turn results an increase te energy consumption of te LED source and serious armonic pollution of te electrical power net, especially wen are using large number of lamps. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. SINGH, G. K. : Power System Harmonics Researc: a Survey, European Transactions on Electrical Power 19 (Aug 2007), WAKILEH, J. G. : Power Systems Harmonics, Springer, WEBSTER, J. G. : Te Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, IEEE Press, IEEE Standard Definitions for te Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal, Balanced, Or Unbalanced Conditions, IEEE Std , Marc TAGARE, D. M. : Reactive Power Management, McGraw-Hill Education, WEI, Z. : Compact Fluorescent Lamps Pase Dependency Modelling and Harmonic Assessment of teir Widespread Use in Distribution Systems, PD dissertations, University of Canterbury, Cristcurc, New Zealand, DIMITRIJEVI C, M. LITOVSKI, V. : Power Factor and Distortion Measuring for Small Loads Using USB Acquisition Module, Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers 20 No. No 5 (Aug 2011), , World Scientific Publising Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore 8. IESNA Ligting Handbook, 10 t edition, ISBN Contacts: Assoc. Prof. Orlin Lyubomirov Petrov, PD Department of Electrical Power Engineering University of Ruse Angel Kancev Bulgaria, Ruse, 8 Studentska Str. opetrov@uni-ruse.bg Eng. Petya Valentinova Petrova, PD Student Department of Electrical Power Engineering University of Ruse Angel Kancev Bulgaria, Ruse, 8 Studentska Str. vivian_p@abv.bg 5