Improvement of economic efficiency of the fuel usage in NPP. The new types of nuclear fuel and the fuel cycles

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1 STATE ATOMIC ENERGY CORPORATION ROSATOM Improvement of economic efficiency of the fuel usage in NPP. The new types of nuclear fuel and the fuel cycles Petr Lavrenyuk (JSC «TVEL») Eighth International Forum «Atomexpo», Moscow, Gostinyy Dvor, 31 May 2016

2 Nuclear fuel life cycle VVER-440 VVER-1000 The operation life time for Kola NPP Unit 4 was extended in 2014 by 25 years (until December 2039) The commissioning of Moсhovсe NPP Units 3 and 4 is scheduled in late 2016 early The design operation life time of these Units is 30 years (until 2047, not taking into account the operation life time extension) The operation life time for Novovoronezh Unit 5 was extended by 25 years (until 2035) The commissioning of Rostov NPP Unit 3 is scheduled in NVAES-2 and LAES-2 NPP with VVER-1200 reactors are being constructed (the design operation life time is 60 years) The NPP life time taking into account the construction and decommisioning is around 80 years, of which NPP generates electricity during around 60 years. During this period nuclear fuel is being regularly modernized, aiming at improving its technical and economical characteristics, performance and safety of operation. 2

3 Nuclear fuel design and manufacturing technology development Customer s requirements to Nuclear Fuel Safety Reliability Efficiency Competitive price Experiment-calculated justification of fuel safety in normal operation conditions and design accidents Innovative constructive and fuel materials development Improvement of normativemethodological base for designing, manufacturing and operation of nuclear fuel Development of QMS Increase in fuel burnup Increase in fuel lifetime Increase in fuel cycle length Unification of fuel design Improvement of conversion, enrichment and manufacturing technologies Improvement of FA skeleton rigidity DF implementation AVG implementation Mixing grid implementation Improvement of constructive and fuel materials Computer codes and fuel design methodology development Change of fuel rod geometry in order to increase uranium mass Higher enrichment level Substantial of fuel behavior in load-follow modes Substantial of fuel behavior at higher RP thermal power 3

4 Main types of nuclear fuel for Russian power reactors VVER- 440 Fuel assemblies of VVER VVER TVS-1200, NvAES-2, 1st, 2nd, 3rd generations TVS-2М TVSA-PLUS LAES-2, Belarusian NPP, «Hanhikivi» NPP, «Paks» NPP RBMK BN- 600 BN- 800 FA with uraniumerbium fuel FA with the fuel made of UO 2 FA with the fuel made of UO 2 FA with MOX fuel 4

5 Nuclear fuel for VVER-440 1st generation 1st generation resistant to vibration 2nd generation, up to 4.38 % 3rd generation, 2nd generation, up to 4.87 % 2nd generation, pellet 7.8/0 Operation duration, cycle month 3х12 4х12 5х12 6х12 4х15 Burnup, MW day/kgu Core thermal power, MW Year

6 Nuclear fuel for VVER nd generation nuclear fuel Rovno NPP, Units 1,2 Kola NPP, Units 3,4 «Bohunice» NPP «Dukovany» NPP «Paks» NPP «Loviisa» NPP 2+ generation nuclear fuel Burnup, МW day/kgu «Dukovany» NPP (since 2014) 3 rd generation nuclear fuel Number of FA in reload batch Kola NPP, Unit 4 VVER-440 units power uprate Kola NPP (3,4) 107%; «Moсhovce» NPP 107%; «Bohunice» NPP 107%; «Dukovany» NPP 105%; «Paks» NPP 108%; «Loviisa» NPP 109%. Uranium consumption, rate kg/mw day Fuel cycles «Paks» NPP 15-month fuel cycle (since 2014) 6

7 VVER-440 nuclear fuel development RK-3 design is shroudless, having a skeleton composed of stiffening angles and tubes. The fuel mass is increased by 4.5%, A rod-to-rod pitch in the bundle is increased from 12.3 to 12.6 mm.the fuel cycle duration is 6 years. Effect from the RK-3 adoption increase in fuel usage efficiency by around 10 % comparing to the RK-2 fuel having similar enrichment. The pilot 12 RK-3 have been operated in Kola NPP Unit 4 since The outcome of their pilot operation is positive. The RK-3 operation extension in Kola NPP starting from Starting from 2019 a full reload batch will be loaded into the core. 7

8 VVER-440 nuclear fuel development 2 nd generation fuel having a pellet 7.8/0 Implementation started in 2014 at Dukovany NPP, Unit 1. At first stage fuel enrichment is 4.38%. Implementation is going at all 4 units. At the second stage (since 2018) average enrichment of the fuel will be increased upto 4.76%. This will allow to reduce at 6 number of FA for reload batch. RK-3 (shroudless design) Implementation started in 2010 at kola NPP, Unit 4. In 2016 the second batch is loaded. RK-3 Full reload batch is expected in FA having the fuel rods with less diameter mm 2016 feasibility study. Expected saving rate 5% increase in fuel cycle length Development Program licensing start of pilot operation. 8

9 Nuclear fuel for VVER-1000/1200 UTVS TVSA TVS-2 TVS-2M TVS-1200 TVS-4 TVS-TOI Operation duration, cycle month Burnup, MW day/kgu Core thermal power, MW 3х12 4x12 3х Year

10 Nuclear fuel for VVER-1000 Main outcome of the adoption FA bow is no more than 7 mm. RCCA drop time is less than 2.5 s. Decrease in the reloading time. Life time increase. Performance improvement. Characteristics Fuel pellet stack length 3530 mm or 3680 mm. Maximum fuel rod burnup upto 72 МW day/kgu. Fuel cycle 4х1 or 3х1.5. Unit power uprate upto %Nnom TVSA(TVSA-PLUS) Since 1998 Kalinin NPP, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Czech Republic TVS-2 (TVS-2M) Since 2003 Balakovo NPP, Rostov NPP, China Transition at Kudankulam and Busher NPPs 10

11 Nuclear fuel for VVER-1000 TVSA-12 АКТИВНАЯ Fuel stack height ЧАСТЬ is mm ММ Cladding thickness 0.57 mm Spring 5.1mm Increased operational performance while at increased upto 546 kg uranium content For the operation in fuel cycles 4х1 or 5х1 year. Unified in components with the TVSA design to maximum possible extent. Pellet 7.8/0 mm SG Pitch 340 mm Height 35 mm TVSA-12 advantages over basic TVSA: Increase in fuel cycle length from 300 to 320 EFPD reducing number of FA in an annual reload batch by 12 %, reducing amount of spent fuel, reducing the time for fuel handling; Decrease in effective rated consumption of natural uranium by 5 % start of TVSA-12 operation at Kozloduy NPP continue licensing of TVSA-12 in Ukraine. 11

12 Nuclear fuel for VVER th generation FA TVS-2М 12 SG, IFM, debris filter, Fuel stack is 3680 mm, Unified top nozzle ТVSA-PLUS Debris filter, Fuel stack is 3680 mm ТVSA-12 IFM, debris filter, pellet Ø7.8/0 mm 4 th generation FA Unified SG span length 340 mm Unified top nozzle 12 SG, IFM, debris filter Fuel stack is 3680 mm Pellet Ø7.8/0 mm UO 2 load kg Fuel cycle 3х1.5 or 5х1 year Extension of the campaign duration by 8 % or Decrease of the number of reload batch FA by 10% or Decrease of reload batch s enrichment by 0.25% (U-235) 2018 Initiation of the TVS-4 implementation at Rostov NPP unit Initiation of the TVSA-T.mod.2 (TVSA-4) implementation at Temelin NPP 12

13 Prospective developments for VVER- 1000/1200 designs Average burnup of the FA being reloaded, MW day/kgu Среднее выгорание выгружаемых ТВС, МВт сут/кгu Utilization of the fuel having enrichment on uranium-235 up to 7%: Decrease of the number of reload batch FA by 20%, Decrease of the fuel constituent in the electricity production cost in similar cycles by 5% (erbium) and 8% (gadolinium), Possibility of 24-month fuel cycles realisation. Feasibility study Development Program mon ,7% 4,4% 18 mon. 54,3 5,0% 60 Fuel Длительность cycle duration, кампании, eff. days эфф.сут. 5,3% 66,5 72,5 78,5 6,5% 6,2% 5,9% 5,6% 24 mon. Utilization of the uranium-erbium fuel: Decreasing of the power distribution nonuniformity. Increasing of the accuracy of the power distribution. Licensing Pilot operation

14 Power maneuvering in VVER-1000 VVER-1000 FA is justified for the operation in the power maneuvering modes Primary power maneuvering in the range of ± 2 % Nnom Daily power maneuvering in the range of % Nel. up to 200 cycles per year 2006: the pilot operation of Khmelnitsky NPP Unit 2 in the daily power maneuvering mode - 11 daily cycles 2015: the pilot operation continued - 21 daily cycles 2017: the pilot operation will be continued - 50 daily cycles 14

15 Russian Nuclear Fuel for PWR TVS-K project development Agreement on the TVS-K LTA Program in the USA TVS-K design is developed and justified. The design is competitive to the modern designs RFA-2 and GAIA by technic and economic characteristics Main results after 1st year of pilot operation at Ringhals-3 Oxide film Spacer grid Weldings Signing the Consortium Agreement with GNF-A (USA). Invitation to tender for fuel supply in Europe and USA TVS-K design for the US market Specific features: usage of two alloys of Zr-Nb system; low level of corrosion and hydrating in PWR water chemistry; original design of SG eliminates GTRF; high rigidity of welded skeleton ensures low distortion; burnup up to 68 MW day/kgu, 18-th months fuel cycle. 15

16 Conclusions As a result of performed scope of activities: The operation duration increase from 30,000 to 42,000 EFPH Fuel burnup increase from 49 to 68 MW day/kgu Fuel cycles length from 12 to 18 months Core power uprate Load-follow modes of operation Together with our Customers JSC TVEL continue activities aimed at nuclear fuel development to increase its safety, reliability and economic efficiency. 16

17 Thank you for attention! 17