Innovating with Open Data. - Desertification Indicators - WP7 Final event. Brussels

Transcription

1 Innovating with Open Data - Desertification Indicators - WP7 Final event Brussels Critical Software IST CSIC

2 Contents Challenge and users How do our services cover the requirements of these users? The developed services WebGIS Final remarks

3 1. Challenge and UNCCD-related users United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) Desertification - worldwide growing problem that directly affects millions of people Desertification is the degradation of dry land - loss of biological or economic productivity Dry lands cover approximately 40% of the Earth's land surface The UNCCD is the sole legally binding international agreement which links the environment and development to sustainable land management UNCCD records several environmental and humanitarian variables which are valuable indicators of actions taken or actions needed The results of this monitoring must be reported annually by each country's representative

4 1. Challenge and UNCCD-related users Targeted UNCCD Progress Indicators Strategic Objective UNCCD Progress Indicators 1: To improve the living conditions of affected populations 2: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems 3: To generate global benefits through effective implementation of the UNCCD SO1-1: Trends in population living below the relative poverty line and/or income inequality in affected areas SO1-2: Trends in access to safe drinking water in affected areas SO2-1: Trends in land cover SO2-2: Trends in land productivity or functioning of the land SO3-1: Trends in carbon stocks above and below ground SO3-2: Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

5 1. Challenge and UNCCD-related users UNCCD -> decadal Strategy > Strategic Objectives -> Progress Indicators Strategic Objective 2 (SO2): improve condition of affected ecosystems Progress Indicator 1 (SO2-1): Trends in land cover Progress Indicator 2 (SO2-2): Trends in land productivity or functioning of the land Reporting common issues: Use of ad hoc data Apply ad hoc methods, including expert judgement Lack of standards Expensive MELODIES challenges: Use of free open geospatial data Apply free open methods Objective, repeatable, standardized worldwide Cloud computing website in compliance with UNCCD Monitoring & Evaluation system

6 1. Challenge and other users Sustainable Development Goals -> Target > Land Degradation Neutrality by 2030 Indicator: trends in land degradation Indicator: percentage of land that is degraded over the total land area Metrics: land cover, land productivity and Soil Organic Carbon Harmonized reporting to CBD and UNFCC Land management MELODIES challenges: Furnish enhanced results Extend the user scope beyond reporting Address land management issues Land reclamation Ecosystem restoration Reforestation monitoring

7 UNCCD Strategic Objective 2: To improve ecosystem condition Free / Open Data 2. How do our services cover the requirements of these users? UNCCD Indicators Technical Auxiliary Indicators EO Proposed subservice Aridity Index Aridity Index FAO UNEP Land Productivity States Land Condition SO2-1: Trends in Land Cover Structure SO2-2: Trends in Land Productivity Trends Land Use / Land Cover Changes in LULC Land Use / Land Cover and LULC Changes Land Productivity or Functioning of the Land Local Drought Indicator Local Vegetation Status Local Soil Status The Integrated Biophysical and Climatic Susceptibility

8 3. The developed services Land Condition

9 3. The developed services: land condition Increasing C -2 C -1 C 0 C 1 - EXPLOITATION Degrading SELF-ORGANIZATION Potential + Land condition states level variable Rain Use Efficiency: NetPrimaryProductivity / Precipitation Land condition trends flow variable Biomass change: d(biomass) / d(time)

10 3. The developed services: land condition

11 3. The developed services: land condition Remote Sens. 2016, 8, 603; doi: /rs

12 3. The developed services Land Use /Land Cover and LULC changes

13 3. The developed services: LULC Land Use/Land Cover Código DW-E Nomenclature 1 Urban fabric 2 Rainfed croplands 3 Irrigated croplands 4 Forests 5 Shrubland 6 Natural herbaceous vegetation 7 Sparse vegetation 8 Burnt areas 9 Bare soil 10 Wetlands 11 Water AoI # 1 41 Landsat scenes

14 3. The developed services: LULC (Changes) Land Use/Land Cover Changes Código DW-E Nomenclature 1 Abandoned agriculture 2 Agriculture expansion Burnt 4 Deforestation 5 Forest expansion 6 Natural vegetation decline 7 Natural vegetation growth 8 Urban growth 9 Water level drop 10 Water level rise AoI # 1 41 Landsat scenes

15 3. The developed services: LULC Input data: Imagery Data Landsat 5 TM Landsat 7 ETM+ Landsat 8 OLI Sentinel 2 (future developments) Sample Data Default LULC training sample set User-defined LULC training sample set Main Characteristics: Land Cover maps with a nomenclature of 11 classes Based on images acquired in 2 seasons of the same year (wet and dry) 30 meters of resolution pixel On-demand Minimum Mapping Unit Automatic quality assessment

16 3. The developed services: LULC Wet season Dry season LULC 2013 Nomenclature 1 Urban fabric 2 Rainfed croplands 3 Irrigated croplands Forests 5 Shrubland 6 Natural herbaceous vegetation 7 Sparse vegetation 8 Burnt areas 9 Bare soil Wetlands 11 Water

17 3. The developed services: LULC LULC 2013 LULC Changes Nomenclature Abandoned agriculture 2 Agriculture expansion 3 Burnt 4 Deforestation 5 Forest expansion 6 Natural vegetation decline Natural vegetation growth 8 Urban growth 9 Water level drop 10 Water level rise

18 3. The developed services Integrated Biophysical and Climatic Susceptibility

19 3. The Integrated Biophysical and Climatic Susceptibility - IBCS The scope of the IBCS Highlights: - Mapping the impact of dynamics drought on vegetation - Computing the proportion of land-use have to susceptibility to desertification - Assessing the trends of vegetation in sensitive areas of extremely dry conditions

20 3. The Integrated Biophysical and Climatic Susceptibility - IBCS Step 1: Assessing sensitive areas of extreme dry conditions Cs (x) Climatic Static Component Average Annual Precipitation (25 years) Input Cd (x) - Climatic Dynamic Component Trends of the variance of extreme precipitation (<1 mm)

21 3. The Integrated Biophysical and Climatic Susceptibility - IBCS Step 2: Spatial patterns of Vegetation and Soil Input

22 3. The Integrated Biophysical and Climatic Susceptibility - IBCS Step 3: Computing the indicator with open source and free data & software Iberian Peninsula Tools: Cloud Sandbox

23 3. The Integrated Biophysical and Climatic Susceptibility - IBCS Examples of the IBCS products Turkey Southern Africa

24 3 Products Areas of Interest #1 Iberian Peninsula #2 Turkey km² km² #3 Maghreb #3 Mozambique ( )

25 Decision Making 4. Technical achievements Automated processes Minor and simple user interaction Web application and Cloud processing Online visualization of the products Quality assessment Support annual reporting to UNCCD EO data EO tools Maps/indicators Annual reports

26 4. Technical achievements Allows: Improved processing time Management of job queue Tile#1 Tile#3 Tile#2 Tile#4 Scalable Online

27 4. WP7 webgis Simplistic approach Capability to invoke the services Visualization of the resulting products Downloading resulting products Help contents

28 4. WP7 webgis

29 4. WP7 webgis

30 4. WP7 webgis

31 4. WP7 webgis

32 5. Final remarks Achieved: Cloud computing enabled faster operation times Multiple reanalysis possibilities for given areas Users reporting needs are fulfilled Useful tool for countries reporting obligations Emerging challenges: Standardized access to open data sources Unsupervised worldwide operation Proper link of raster data Define business model

33 Thank you!