Agriculture 4.0; Connecting the Field to the Internet FarmSmart Conference Saturday, January 23, 2016 Prairie Meadows Events Center

Transcription

1 Agriculture 4.0; Connecting the Field to the Internet FarmSmart Conference Saturday, January 23, 2016 Prairie Meadows Events Center S.A. Shearer Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering

2 Iowa AgState Task Force digital agriculture family of activities related to farming that includes precision agriculture, prescription agriculture and enterprise agriculture; and depends on the collection, use, coordination, and analysis of data from a multiplicity of sources with the goal of optimizing productivity, profitability and sustainability of farming operations.

3 Big Data NSF recently referred to Big Data as large, diverse, complex, longitudinal, and/or distributed data sets generated from instruments, sensors, internet transactions, , video, click streams, and/or all other digital sources. What is the value of Big Data if we don t produce actionable information?

4 Technologies that will shape the future of agriculture

5 Topcon Positioning Systems IP-S2 HD

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7 Google Car

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9 Market forces that will shape the future of agriculture

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11 Managing the Supply Chain Corn Syrup Fertilizer and Nutrients - Improper management and use of fertilizers can lead to local water pollution and release greenhouse gases during production. Growers should use a nutrient management plan to improve the efficiency of fertilizer and manure use for production. Growers can use precision agriculture, which applies only the amount of fertilizer needed. Where appropriate, growers could plant vegetative buffer zones around streams to help prevent water pollution via nutrient runoff. Land and Soil - Improper soil management can remove nutrients, release greenhouse gases, and cause soil loss, while clearing land for agriculture can lead to deforestation. Growers should use efficient soil management practices, including reduced soil tilling when applicable and prevention of soil erosion. Manufacturers should use sourcing policies that monitor progress on zero deforestation commitments. Sourcing policies should also promote protection of high conservation value forest habitats, which have unique plants and animals. This reduces the risk of biodiversity loss, diminished ecosystem quality, and increased greenhouse gas emissions that can occur when forests are cleared for agriculture.

12 Current precision ag technologies

13 What s driving planter development?

14 Precision Planting Sensing and Control

15 Case IH and AGCO agreements...

16 Kinze Multi-Hybrid

17 CleanSeed CX-6 Smart Seeder (Source:

18 Controlling Canopy Architecture Torres, Vossenkemper, Raun and Taylor (Oklahoma State University)

19 OSU/Beck s Field Investigations

20 OSU/Beck s Field Investigations

21 Telematics offerings

22 其他 Frequency Frequency Fuel Use Rate Distributions Planting Fuel Use Rate (L/h) NH 3 Application Fuel Use Rate (L/h)

23 How big is too big?

24 Spray Application Accuracy (Fulton, et al.) 24

25 Trends in ballasted GVW?

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27 Additional Concepts

28 2015 North American Combines John Deere S690 Engine L, 543 hp Grain Tank bu Unload Rate bu/s Fuel Tank gal Base Mass - 45,856 lbs Head - 616C (9,900 lb) Loaded Mass - 79,587 lbs Case IH 9240 Engine L, 550 hp Grain Tank bu Unload Rate bu/s Fuel Tank gal Base Mass - 46,297 lbs Head (11,800 lbs) Loaded Mass - 83,114 lbs Claas Lexion 780TT Engine L, 543 hp Grain Tank bu Unload Rate bu/s Fuel Capacity gal Base Mass - 39,683 lbs Head - 16 row (11,070 lbs) Loaded Mass - 73,855 lbs

29 Combine Classes? Class X 565 hp Class XI 629 hp Class XII 693 hp Class XIII 757 hp

30 North American Grain Carts Balzer 2000/Brent 2096 Capacity 60 ton Total Loaded Mass 76.4 ton Unloading Time 120 s

31 Trend in cart weight?

32 Data driven decisions the future of agriculture!

33 Agronomic and Machine Data Generation As-Applied Files (.shp) Spraying [0.3 MB/ac] NH 3 application [4.3 MB/ac] Planting [5.5 MB/ac] Yield Data [4.3 MB/ac] Prescription Files [0.01 MB/ac] Soil/Fertility Data [0.6 MB/ac] Total [0.5 KB/plant (corn)] If 35,000 plants/acre (corn) 17.5 MB/acre 42.7 GB for 2,500 acres

34 Remote Sensing Data Generation 24 bits per pixel 2.5 cm/pixel 17.2 MB/ac of image data 4.9 kb/plant (corn)/yr If 35,000 plants/acre (corn) 429 GB for 2,500 acres 10 x data rate

35 Herbicide Carryover Hybrid Differences N Application Errors

36 Precision Planting Singulation Map

37 Woolpert, Dayton, OH High Resolution Imagery

38 Emergence/Stand Counts RGB Recognition of Corn and Corn Shadows Segmented Corn Blobs Smoothed 3D Visualization of Individual Corn Plants Automated Plant Counting

39 Multi-Hybrid Planter Set-Up

40 In-Field Dual Hybrid Evaluation Cooperators were identified and fields selected for planting Prescription maps were generated using FARMserver (test blocks were placed in fields to verify hybrid and population performance) Matching bulk fill fan speed with hybrid varies with weather conditions (same noted for vacuum fan)

41 High Resolution RGB and ADVI Images

42 Beck s Multi-Hybrid/Variety ROI Kinze 4900 MH Planter $29,185 or $1824/Row Precision Planting VSet Select $31,200 or $1950/Row Beck s Multi-Year Data ( ) Corn +7.9 bu/ac $42.77/ac Soybeans +3.2 bu/ac $38.48/ac $40.63/ac Break-Even Acreage Corn ac Soybeans ac

43 High Resolution RGB Images

44 Lightweight Hyperspectral Cameras Headwall Photonics Micro-Hyperspec (1.8 lb.) nm (324 bands) Rikola Ltd 300 g Hyperspectral Camera nm (10 nm resolution)

45 Reflectance Reflectance Hyperspectral Reflectance - Corn Mean of all Tassels for each Corn Hybrid Mean of all Silk for each Corn Hybrid P1 Mean P2 Mean P3 Mean P4 Mean P5 Mean P6 Mean P7 Mean P8 Mean P9 Mean P10 Mean P11 Mean P12 Mean P13 Mean P14 Mean P15 Mean P16 Mean P1 Mean P2 Mean P3 Mean P4 Mean P5 Mean P6 Mean P7 Mean P8 Mean P9 Mean P10 Mean P11 Mean P12 Mean P13 Mean P14 Mean P15 Mean P16 Mean Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm) Hyperspectral Measurements of Tassels Hyperspectral Measurements of Silk

46 New Satellite Technology 113 Dove CubeSats (10 cm x 10 cm x 30 cm) now in orbit. (Sources: spacenews.com and planet.com)

47 Telematics for Tracking Field Activities

48 Tracking grain carts? LAND.TECHNIKA AgEng 2015, Hannover, Germany November 7, 2015

49 2015 Compaction Study

50 Compaction Plots and Planter Downforce

51 2015 Compaction Study (RGB)

52 2015 Compaction Study (ADVI)

53 Crop Response to Traffic Events - Corn Average Yield (6 Row Pass) Traffic Event Yield (bu/ac) Yield Loss (%) Wheeled a Tracked b 2.88 Control b -

54 More grain cart tracking

55 Grain Cart Traffic Pattern 500 bu. Grain Cart 1,000 bu. Grain Cart 2,000 bu. Grain Cart

56 Are planters immune? we saw yield decrease by 19.6 bu. per acre between pinch rows and wing rows on a center-fill planter says Jason Webster (Source: agweb.com)

57 Air seeders? (Source: bourgault.com)

58 Sprayers? (Source: northernequipment.ca) (Source: oemoffhighway.com)

59 Continuing trend toward automation.

60 Current Products

61 Autonomous Tractor vs. Baxter? products/baxter/

62 Future of Agriculture?

63 Future of ag production technology

64 Integrated Data Platform for Crop Management NS Testbed FSPR Testbed UAVRS Testbed DSS Testbed Soil, Crop and Remote Sensing Databases Micrometeorological Remote Sensing Root Zone Conditions Crop Conditions Data at Varying Spatial and Temporal Scales Data-Driven Machine Learning Algorithms Spatial and Temporal Scaling Hydrologic Nutrient Crop Growth Models Field Scale Gridded Observations Data Assimilation Industry Platforms Near Real-Time Field Scale Nutrient Management Decisions Field Scale Predictions of Soil, Nutrient and Crop Conditions Canopy Measurements Ambient Temperature Upper Canopy Wet-Bulb Temperature Upper Canopy Ambient Temperature Lower Canopy Wet-Bulb Temperature Lower Canopy Incident Radiation Upper Canopy Radiation Lower Canopy Precipitation Leaf Chlorophyll Content Plant Growth Stage Plant Height Root Zone Measurements Available Soil Moisture Soil Available N-P-K Levels Soil Organic Matter Soil ph N Root Uptake N Fertilization Remote Sensing Measurements Leaf Area Index Biomass Accumulation Canopy Temperature Leaf Chlorophyll Content Plant Growth Stage

65 Questions? Scott Shearer