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2 Science & Tech Target (Series-7) BIOTECHNOLOGY By Dr. Ravi P. Agrahari - Scientist in IIT Delhi - Author of Mc Graw Hill Publication for Science & Technology - last 17 years teaching experience for UPSC aspirant

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5 UNIT-1 ENERGY WHAT TO READ AND HOW TO READ

6 UNIT-IX: BIOTECHNOLOGY Lecture 1 - Basics of Biotechnology, Cell biology - Understanding of Gene & Genome Lecture2 - Interdisciplinary nature of Biotechnology - Historical Background of Biotechnology - Green BT/Blue BT/ Red BT/ Blue BT - Different Applications

7 Lecture 3 - Recombinant DNA Technology - Genetically Modified Organisms - Flavr Savr Tomato - Golden rice - Bt Crops - Bt brinjal ban in India - Monsanto - MAHYCO: Mahrastra Hybrid Corporation - Terminator Gene and Terminator Seed - Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) - Molecular Farming - Edible Vaccines

8 Lecture 4 - Normal Fertilization & Embryonic Development Stage - Invitro fertilization - Test tube baby & Surrogate Mother - Twins - Cloning (Complete or Reproductive cloning & Therapeutic Cloning or Organ Cloning) - Stem cell pictorial animation Lecture 5 - Mitochondrial Gene Therapy / Three Parents Baby

9 Lecture 6 - Human Genome Project (HGP) - DNA Fingerprinting - DNA Barcoding - Genetic Marker - Cloning - IVF (Invitro Fertilization) - Surrogate Mother - New Surrogacy Bill in India

10 Lecture 7 - EPIGENETICS - SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY - Biosensor - Biochip - Biosignature - Biogenerics - Bioremediation - Bioplastic - Biological weapons - Bioleaching - BIOSPARGING

11 Reference Book UNIT-IX Chapter 24: BIOTECHNOLOGY

12 1. What is the application of Somatic Cell CJ Nuclear Transfer Technology? [UPSC (Pre) 2017] (a) Production of bio-larvicides (b) Manufacture of biodegradable (c) Reproductive cloning of animals (d) Production of organisms free of diseases

2. With reference to agriculture in India, how can the technique of genome sequencing, often seen in the news, be used in the immediate future? [UPSC (Pre) 2017] 1.

13 2. With reference to agriculture in India, how can the technique of genome sequencing, often seen in the news, be used in the immediate future? [UPSC (Pre) 2017] 1. Genome sequencing can be used to identify genetic markers for disease resistance and drought tolerance in various crop plants. 2. This technique helps in reducing the time required to develop new varieties of crop plants. 3. It can be used to decipher the host-pathogen relationships in crops. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1,2 and 3

14 3. In the context of the developments in Bioinformatics, the term transcriptome, sometimes seen in the news, refers to [UPSC (Pre) 2016] (a) A range of enzymes used in genome editing (b) The full range of mrna molecules expressed by an organism (c) The description of the mechanism of gene expression (d) A mechanism of genetic mutations taking place in cell 4. The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee is constituted under the [UPSC (Pre) 2015] (a) Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (b) Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 (c) Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 (d) Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

15 5. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding vegetative propagation of plants? [UPSC (Pre) 2014] 1. Vegetative propagation produces clonal population. 2. Vegetative propagation helps in eliminating the virus. 3. Vegetative propagation can be practiced most of the year. Select the correct answer using the code given below. (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

16 6. Consider the following techniques/phenomena: [UPSC (Pre) 2014] 1. Budding and grafting in fruit plants 2. Cytoplasmic male sterility 3. Gene Silencing Which of the above is/are used to create transgenic crops? (a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and3 (d) None

17 7. Recombinant DNA technology (Genetic Engineering) allows genes to be transferred [UPSC (Pre) 2013] 1. across different species of plants 2. from animals to plants 3. from microorganisms to higher organisms Select the correct answer using the codes given below. (a) 1 only (c) 1and 3only (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1,2 and 3

18 8. Mycorrhizal biotechnology has been used in rehabilitating degraded sites because mycorrhiza enables the plants to [UPSC (Pre) 2013] 1. Resist drought and increase absorptive area 2. Tolerate extremes of ph 3. Resist disease infestation Select the correct answer using the codes given below. (a) 1 only (c) 1and3only (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1,2and3

19 9. Consider the following kinds of organisms: [UPSC (Pre) 2012] 1. Bacteria 2. Fungi 3. Flowering plants Some species of which of the above kinds of organisms are employed as bio-pesticides? (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1and3only (d) 1,2and3

20 10. With reference to stem cells, frequently in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct? [UPSC (Pre) 2012] 1. Stem cells can be derived from mammals only. 2. Stem cells can be used for screening new drugs. 3. Stem cells can be used for medical therapies. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

21 11. What are the reasons for the people s resistance to the introduction of Bt brinjal in India? [UPSC (Pre) 2012] 1. Bt brinjal has been created by inserting a gene from a soil fungus into its genome. 2. The seeds of Bt brinjal are terminator seeds and therefore, the farmers have to buy the seeds before every season from the seed companies. 3. There is an apprehension that the consumption of Bt brinjal may have adverse impact on health. 4. There is some concern that the introduction of Bt brinjal may have adverse effect on the biodiversity. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1,2 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

22 12. At present, scientists can determine the arrangement or relative positions of genes or DNA sequences on a chromosome. How does this knowledge benefit us? [UPSC (Pre) 2011] 1. It is possible to know the pedigree of livestock. 2. It is possible to understand the causes of all human diseases. 3. It is possible to develop disease-resistant animal breeds. Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1and3only (b) 2 only (d) 1,2and3

23 13. A genetically engineered form of brinjal known as the Bt brinjal has been devel- oped. The objective of this is [UPSC (Pre) 2011] (a) To make it pest-resistant (b) To improve its taste and nutritive qualities. (c) To make it drought-resistant. (d) To make its shelf-life longer. 14. Which bacterial strain developed from natural isolates by genetic manipulations can be used for treating oil spills? (a) Agrobacterium (b) Clostridium (c) Nitrosomonas (d) Pseudomonas

24 15. Genetically modified golden rice has been engineered to meet human nutritional requirements. Which one of the following statements best qualifies golden rice? [UPSC (Pre) 2010] (a) The grains have been fortified with genes to provide three limes higher grain yield per acre than other high-yielding varieties (b) Its grains contain pro-vitamin A which upon ingestion is converted to vitamin A in the human body (c) Its modified genes cause the synthesis of all the nine essential amino acids. (d) Its modified genes cause the fortification of its grains with vitamin D.

25 A Complete Solution for Science & Technology Thank you

26 Online classes Study IQ Offline classes Enroute IAS (Dr. Ravi Agrahari s Classes) For offline classes you can join me in Old rajendra Nagar & Mukherjee Nagar, New Delhi Whatsap:

Chapter 11: Applications of Biotechnology

Chapter 11: Applications of Biotechnology Lecture Outline Enger, E. D., Ross, F. C., & Bailey, D. B. (2012). Concepts in biology (14th ed.). New York: McGraw- Hill. 11-1 Why Biotechnology Works 11-2 Biotechnology