ICARDA s collaborative research in Central Asia and the Caucasus

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1 ICARDA s collaborative research in Central Asia and the Caucasus presentation prepared for ICARDA 53 rd Board of Trustees meeting ICARDA Regional Coordination meeting Baku, Azerbaijan, November/December 2013 Jozef Turok Head, CGIAR Program Facilitation Unit for Central Asia and the Caucasus International Center for Agricultural lresearch in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) Tashkent, Uzbekistan

2 History of collaboration in Central Asia and the Caucasus Eight independent states emerged in 1991 First collaborative linkages in the late 1980s Consultation organized in Tashkent, in December 1995 ICARDA s Host Country Agreement with Uzbekistan signed on 8 May 1998 Establishment of the Regional Program for Sustainable Agricultural Development in CAC Currently 56 staff belonging to eight Centers based in Tashkent and Dushanbe, employment following ICARDA s policies and procedures Nine ICARDA researchers contributing to all four Research Programs

3 The wider partnership Regional Program for Sustainable Agricultural Development in Central Asia and the Caucasus Operational since 1998 Food security, poverty alleviation, environment Each Center has own mandate and expertise transfer, testing and development of technologies Strong partnerships with national research organizations, policy makers, universities, farmers associations Governance by Steering Committee Program Facilitation Unit in Tashkent provides administrative, technical and policy support Financing by the participating Centers CGIAR Research Programs operational since 2012

4 Research prioritization: a bottom up approach R hn d A tm ti ith ti l t h ld Research Needs Assessment Meetings with national partners held 1995, 2001, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2010

5 ICARDA Research hstaff in Tashkent Dr Zakir Khalikulov (contributes to BIGMP) Dr Ram Sharma (BIGMP) Dr Stefanie Christmann (SEPRP) Dr Mariya Glazirina (IWLMP) Dr AkmalAkramkhanov Akramkhanov (IWLMP) Dr Aziz Nurbekov (DSIPS) Mr Nariman Nishanov (SEPRP) Mr Tulkun Yuldashev (IWLMP) Drs Dinara Muzafarova and BkhdiK Bakhodir Kuzyiev, Consultants t

6 Current ICARDA research project portfolio in CAC Project Duration Donor Countries 1. Livestock IFAD Kyr, Taj 2. Salinity tolerant wheat GIZ/BMZ Uzb, Kaz, Tur 3. Pastoral user groups BMU Germany Uzb 4. Sorghum and pearl millet IDB through ICBA Tur, Uzb 5. Conservation agriculture FAO Aze, Kaz, Uzb 6. Climate change adaptation CRP Climate change Central Asia 7. Community reforestation BMU Germany Uzb 8. Yellow rust resistance CRP Wheat Uzb, Taj 9. CACILM KM Phase II IFAD Central Asia 10. Crop-Livestock Cons. Agri IFAD Taj 12. Germplasm enhancement ongoing CRPs All 13. Adoption wheat technologies 2013 CRP Wheat Uzb

7 Achievements: Conservation of Genetic Resources Plant Genetic Resources Network More than 3100 valuable accessions of cereals and legumes collected during 18 collecting missions Eight PGR units established Gene bank established at Krasniy Vodopad, Kazakhstan Regional Strategy for Conservation anduse of PlantGenetic Resources for Food and Agriculture A PGR website has been launched

8 Importance of wheat stripe rust in CAC Sixyellow (stripe) rust epidemicssince , 2003, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2013 Kroshka 2009, Uzbekistan Nota 2010, Tajikistan Krasnodar , Tajikistan

9 Promotingstripe rustresistanceresistance inwheat Stripe rust has been a serious problem in winter wheat cultivation in Central Asia Epidemics have caused frequent breakdown of the widely grown cultivars, such as Kroshka and Krasnodar 99, which are still widely cultivated in Central Asia Stripe rust resistant winter wheat varieties suitable for Central Asian countries are increasingly becoming available New varieties i have shown resistance under multiple li l epidemics in different years Winter wheat farmers haveoptions to plant stripe rust resistant varieties Close collaboration with International Winter Wheat Improvement Program (IWWIP) and CRP Wheat (funding)

10 Achievements: New, improved wheat varieties, resistant to stripe rust ( ) Chumon

11 Seed multiplication of stripe rust resistant varieties: Seed multiplication Uzbekistan Variety (ha) Hazrati Bashir 100 Elomon 150 Gozgon 100 Bunyodkor 200 Yaksart 500 Tajikistan (ha) Chumon 7 Alex 658 Ormon 335 Total Farmers Field Day Field Day, 4 June 2013, Tajikistan

12 Identifying salinity tolerant improved winter and facultative wheat varieties in Central Asia Identified salinity tolerant improved winter, facultative and spring genotypes for medium level salinity in Central Asia Field with uniform salinity level is a key to selection for tolerant lines (a challenge too) Change in soil salinity levels over the crop season is a constraint to selection New sources of genetic variation areneeded for future Three year project funded db by GIZ/BMZ Germany

13 Salinity and frost tolerant improved winter wheat lines in Turkmenistan (germplasm enhancement) U 6.1/5/CNDO/R143//ENTE/MEXI75/3/AE.SQ/4/2*OCI, CMSW01WM00832S: -030YE-30E-1E-0E-4E-0E Seed multiplication 2014 DS CRP

14 New Variety to be Submitted in Uzbekistan in Frost damage, Uzbekistan, tolerant genotypes planted for Shark-1/3/Agri/Bjy//Vee/4/Shark/F4105W2.1 YR =0 GY =8.396 t/ha

15 Inter phase with Dryland Systems CRP, example Aral Sea Ati Action Site, Ubkit Uzbekistan Salinityand frost tolerant lines of winterwheat sown Salinity and frost tolerant lines of winter wheat sown in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, October 2013

16 Achievements: Released crop varieties incac countries Country Barley Chickpea Lentil Winter wheat Total Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Total

17 Germplasm received in CAC Region from 1995 to 2011 Nu mber of accessi ion Total Bread wheat Durum wheat Barley Chickpea Lentil Fababean Grasspea

18 Crop varieties in Azerbaijan developed through international collaboration Crop Wheat Azamatli 95 Wheat Nurlu 99 Wheat Gobustan Wheat Tale 38 Barley Bakharli Barley Karabakh 33 Barley Gudratli 48 Chickpea Narmin Lentil Arzu Variety name

19 Capacity building support by ICARDA researchers Applicationof of modern conventional tools in Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) characterization, pre breeding and breeding DNA marker applications for Crops improvement June 2011 Genetic Resource Institute, Bk Baku Trainer: Ram Sharma April 2011 Genetic Resource Institute, Bk Baku Trainers: Aladdin Hamwieh & Fida Alo

20 Promoting adoption of conservation agriculture practices Remotely located research/ demostration sites with little infra structure facilities Little or no mainstreaming i in National lprograms Rigid operational framework Inadequate initiativeand and flexibility Seed/ fertilizer/ herbicide related issues Training needs larger than perceived Incentives provided by individual projects Two year project was funded by FAO New IFAD project Crop Livestock Conservation Agriculture Tajikistan as one of project countries

21 Economics of planting methods on winter wheat productivity in Azerbaijan ( ) Planting methods and seeding rates Grain yield, Production cost Production value Net benefits Profitability rate Mg/ha USD/ha USD/ha USD % Conventional kg/ha Bed planting 130 kg/ha

22 Mung bean grown as a catch crop with retention of surface residues in Karshi, Uzbekistan ( ) 2013) Plantingmethod Spent fuel for Rootlength length, Plantheight height, Yield, planting, l/ha cm cm t/ha Conventional No till with cultivation No till

23 Achievements: Crop diversification Evaluation of pearl milletand sorghum adapted to the local crop livestock farming systems under diverse agro ecological conditions Experimental site: Shortanbay farm, Karakalpakstan Part of DS CRP Aral Sea Action Site More water use efficient, highly tolerant to salt and drought, not requiring gpreparatory p soil leaching Economically interesting alternative for reclamation of unused marginal drylands Three year project funded by Islamic Development Bank through ICBA (ICARDA, ICRISAT)

24 Results: salinity of experimental site 5,0 4,5 4,0 Soil Salinity y, ds/m 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 21/04/ /07/2012 0,0 15 cm 30 cm 45 cm Soil depths, cm Soil salinity at flowering stage increased by 32 44% at three soil depths: 15 cm, 30 cm and 45 cm

25 Salt and drought tolerant Pearl Millet and Sorghum varieties Pearl millet IP19586 Green biomass 53 t/ha Sorghum ICSV25274 Green biomass 80 t/ha

26 Farmers Day, Shortanbay, 19 July 2013

27 Improving Livelihoods through Value Added Processing and Export of Cashmere, Wool, Mohair Improve livelihoods and income of small goat and sheep producers and rural women in Kyrgyzstan, ygy Tajikistan and Iran through processing and exporting of value added fiber Development of quality marketable new products Increased groups motivation to develop their business Women are earning greater incomes from selling fiber Established breeding flocks of white and colored Angora goats Villagers trained in improved methods of animal husbandry Spinning workshop, fiber processing equipment organized Three year project tfunded dby IFAD

28 Regional Stakeholder Workshop, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan 14 May 2013

29 Project Beneficiaries (Sept. 2013) Beneficiaries Northern Tajikistan Badakhshan Kyrgyzstan Total No of women groups Ttl Total no of women No of herders/farmers Total no of goats/sheep 4,836 1,070 1,748 7,654

30 Major processes of producing of exclusive yarns Washing Dehairing Making tops Spinning Dyeing Rewinding

31 Social science pilot project assessing vulnerability of mountain villages to glacier loss and climate change Western Tajikistan Funded by German BMU Work carried out by Environmental Governance Specialist supported by CIM (Center for International Migration), Germany

32 A climate change induced issue: All glaciers in Western Tajikistan are forecast to melt entirely by 2050 Scattered mountain villages used to plenty of water often have only one generation to adapt to scarcity At project start, t there has been no awareness: Community thought We have enough glaciers, we don t have and will not have a problem.

33 Within one week groups of villagers developed... ambitious and comprehensive, but realistic strategy & action plans (adaptation scenarios 2020 and 2050) including Environmental (e.g. terracing, reforestation), Economic (e.g. water reservoir, value chains, crop change) and Governance measures (e.g. committee for the entire catchment) Means to increase skillsfor both gender (spec. on agriculture and value chains) If local communities are addressed in time and appropriately adaptive capacity is high. Support constructing water reservoirs is essential. Otherwise migration from mountain villages might cause serious food insecurity and frictions in areas of immigration.

34 Knowledge Management in CACILM II Central Asian Countries Initiative for Land Management Partnership to address Sustainable Land Managementin Central Asia Policy process linked to UNCCD Collaborative initiative of ICARDA CAC CAC and GIZ to promote SLM in the region Developed into 3 year ICARDA project supported by IFAD Inputs from earlier SLM research and p other projects conducted within CACILM I Challenges

35 Knowledge Management in CACILM II Multidisciplinary approach to disseminate SLM at different levels for enhanced productivity and climatechange change adaptationthrough: through: Synthesis Socio economic assessment Packaging and dissemination

36 Knowledge Management in CACILM II Officially launched in June 2013 with inception workshop in Bishkek k Full involvement and support from national partners Kazakhstan: Soil Research Institute Kyrgyzstan: Ministry of Agriculture and Melioration Tajikistan: Academy of Sciences Turkmenistan: Ministry of Water Resources Uzbekistan: Soil Research Institute National project teams established Memoranda of Agreement International Coordinator recruited

37 Achievements: Capacities built 126 training courses with 2528 participants since 1999 Many more national partners benefited from capacitydevelopment activities Morethan10000farmers participated in farmers field days, demonstration activities, etc. Field day on conservation agriculture practices in Azerbaijan, May 2012 (Photo A. Nurbekov) Training course on plant genetic resources characterization, prebreeding and breeding in Baku, June 2011 (Photo R. Sharma)

38 CGIAR Research Programs in Central lai Asia and the Caucasus Research problems are inter related Interdisciplinary approaches combined with site specific implementation plans Exploit synergies among Centers, avoid redundancy, contradictions and competition Increased stakeholder participation for improving acceptability of research results Opportunities for women and youth Co location of Centers and common procedures, resources in Tashkent offer opportunities for CRPs Dryland Systems Policies, Institutions and Markets Wheat Roots and Tubers Dryland Cereals Water, Land and Ecosystems Forests Trees and Agroforestry Climate Change

39 CRPs in which ICARDA is partner CRP Lead Center ICARDA is partner 1.1 Dryland Systems ICARDA Lead 1.2 Humid Tropics IITA 1.3 Aquatic Agricultural Systems (AAS) WorldFish 2. Policies, Institutions and Markets (PIM) IFPRI X 3.1 Wheat CIMMYT X 3.2 Maize CIMMYT 3.3 GRiSP Global Rice Science Partnership IRRI 3.4 Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB) CIP 3.5 Grain Legumes ICRISAT X Dryland Cereals ICRISAT X 3.7 Livestock and Fish ILRI X 4. Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) IFPRI X 5. Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) IWMI X 6. Forests, Trees and Agroforestry CIFOR 7. Climate Change, g, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) CIAT X Genebanks Global Crop Diversity Trust X

40 DS CRP inception phase: research agenda discussed and agreed, Action sites characterized

41 Moving towards implementation Interdisciplinary Research Team Finalized Logframe, discussed and agreed onactivities Partners and their key contributions alongthe research fordevelopment continuum Governance and planning next steps CGIAR contribution of Russian Federation dedicated to DS CRP in Central Asia

42 Reducing vulnerability and managing risk Lowland basin of the Aral Sea, including Dashoguz region (Turkmenistan), Khorezm region and the Republic of Karakalpakstan k (Uzbekistan), Kyzylorda region (Kazakhstan) h d l S ll Rasht and Kyzyl Suu Valley (Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan)

43 Action sites: Reducing vulnerability and managing risk Main characteristics: High degree of desertification and soil salinization Availability of research infrastructures High potential for support and adoption of research outputs by national partners Presence of international cooperation agencies Large cross border area in the Aral Sea (lowland) Relationship with similar systems in other regions

44 Action site for Sustainable intensification Fergana Valley including Batken, Jalalabad, Osh regions (Kyrgyzstan), Sughd region (Tajikistan), Andijan, Namangan, Fergana regions (Uzbekistan) Characteristics: i water for irrigation, i i options for diversified ifi d production systems for cotton wheat livestock vegetables and horticultural crops, characterized by unique agro biodiversity, along with good research and transport tinfrastructure t are some of the factors that t can lead dto higher h standards of living of the local population.

45 DS CRP priority activities in Central Asia for Identify and introduce tolerant, high yielding and improved quality varieties of cereals, potato, vegetable, horticultural, fodder crops in pure and mixed plantations through on farm adaptive trials 2. Establish a seed system platform compatible with existing agroecological environments to supply farmers with high quality seed and planting materials so as to improve livelihoods, food security and incomes of smallholders 3. Improve the productivity of marginal lands in irrigated farming and pastoral systems 4. Improve water use efficiency through innovative technologies in irrigation and farming in cereals, potato, vegetable, horticultural and fodder crops 5. Establish Strategic Innovation Platform for out scaling Dryland Systems s CRP impacts

46 Outlook keywords for discussion Trainingof young generation Livestock Plantgenetic resources Rangelands management Salinity Seed systems Caucasus/ mountain agro ecosystems Data, information and knowledge management Joint publications (tff (staff and national partners)