Commercial Peach DISEASE CONTROL. Disease and Weed Control Recommendations for IPM-0008

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Commercial Peach DISEASE CONTROL. Disease and Weed Control Recommendations for IPM-0008"

Coral McDonald
6 years ago
Views:

A l a b a m a A & M a n d A u b u r n U n i v e r s i t i e s Commercial Peach IPM-0008 Disease and Weed Control Recommendations f 2013 Current insect and disease control recommendations f commercial

1 A l a b a m a A & M a n d A u b u r n U n i v e r s i t i e s Commercial Peach IPM-0008 Disease and Weed Control Recommendations f 2013 Current insect and disease control recommendations f commercial peaches in Alabama can be found in the 2013 Southeastern Peach, Nectarine and Plum Pest Management and Culture Guide. Copies of the guide are available through your county Extension office can be downloaded by going to the following link: pdf DISEASE CONTROL The guide contains the latest recommendations f insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, and herbicides f commercial peach, nectarine, and plum production. The guide is a collabative efft by Extension specialists and researchers from land grant institutions in the southeastern United States. Commercial Peach: Disease Control section prepared by Edward J. Sika, Extension Plant Pathologist, Profess, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University.

2 2 Alabama Cooperative Extension System A sod-chemical-strip fm of chard flo management is recommended f peaches. Use a 4- to 8-foot herbicide band down the tree row and mow the ground cover between the rows. Cultivation may cause mechanical damage to tree trunks WEED CONTROL and root systems. Follow closely all instructions on the label regarding rates f variations in soil types, ganic matter, age of trees, grazing of livestock, and other special precautions. Table 1. Peach Weed Control Herbicide Trade Name (Rate/Acre Broadcast) Herbicide Common Name (Active Herbicide/Acre) Comments PREEMERGENCE ALION (5-6.5 oz.) indaziflam ( lb.) Provides residual control of several annual broadleaf weeds and grasses. USE ONLY in chards established 3 years me. Mix with glyphosate, Rely, paraquat if emerged weeds are present. DO NOT use on soils where cracks are present. Alion has a 14 day PHI. MOA* Cellulose inhibit CHATEAU WDG (6-12 oz.) DEVRINOL 50DF (8 lb.) GALLERY 75DF ( lb.) GOAL 2XL (2-8 pt.) (Generic fms) KARMEX DF (2-5 lb.) DIREX 4L (3-8 pt.) flumioxazin ( lb.) napropamide (4 lb.) isoxaben ( lb.) oxyflufen (0.5-2 lb.) diuron (1.6-4 lb.) Provides residual control of several broadleaf weeds and grasses. Use low rate on sandy soils. May be mixed with glyphosate, paraquat, Rely to control emerged weeds. Add non-ionic surfactant at a rate of 2 pints per 100 gallons of spray mix f foliar control. DO NOT allow spray to contact crop. DO NOT apply within 60 days of harvest. MOA PPO inhibit May be used in newly planted and established chards. Controls annual grasses and some broadleaf weeds from seed. Apply in fall through early spring. Incpation by tillage, rainfall, sprinkler irrigation is needed within 24 hours of application. DO NOT apply within 35 days of harvest. MOA Mitosis inhibit Apply only to trees that will not bear harvestable fruit within 12 months. May be applied after soil has settled around newly planted trees. Controls several annual broadleaf weed species. MOA Cellulose inhibit Apply under dmant trees befe budswell f control of broadleaf weeds. Higher rates provide residual control. May be mixed with Gramoxone, Roundup, Devrinol, diuron, Simazine, etc. MOA PPO inhibit Use only under trees which have completed their third growing season. Controls annual broadleaf weeds and grasses. Apply in the spring befe weeds emerge during early seedling stage. If weed seedlings are present, add surfactant at a rate of 2 quarts per 100 gallons of spray mixture. DO NOT apply within 3 months of harvest. Read label f special precautions regarding irrigation flooding. DO NOT allow animals to graze in treated areas. MOA Photosystem II inhibit KARMEX DF (1-2 lb.) DIREX 4L (2-3 pt.) SINBAR 80W (1-2 lb.) diuron (1-1.5 lb.) Use only under trees which have completed their second growing season. Controls annual broadleaf weeds and grasses. Apply in the spring after harvest in the fall befe weeds emerge are in the early seedling stage. Read label f special precautions regarding irrigation and ganic matter. DO NOT allow animals to graze in treated area. Addition of a non-ionic surfactant at 2 pints per 50 gallons of spray mix will provide some postemergence activity. MOA Photosystem II inhibit terbacil ( lb.) *MOA=Mechanism of action. Herbicides with different MOAs should be used in weed resistance management programs. See Table 2 f classifications of mechanisms of action.

3 Commercial Peach: Disease and Weed Control Recommendations f Table 1. Peach Weed Control (cont.) Herbicide Trade Name (Rate/Acre Broadcast) Herbicide Common Name (Active Herbicide/Acre) Comments PREEMERGENCE (cont.) MATRIX FVN (4 oz.) rimsulfuron (0.063 lb.) Provides preemergence control of several annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. May be mixed with other registered herbicides f extended residual and/ increased foliar control. DO NOT apply to trees established less than one year within 14 days of harvest. MOA ALS inhibit PRINCEP 90DF SIMAZINE 90DF ( lb.) PRINCEP 4L SIMAZINE 4L (2-4 pt.) PROWL 3.3EC ( qt.) PROWL H 2 O (4-8 pt.) SINBAR 80W (2 lb.) SOLICAM DF (2.5-5 lb.) SURFLAN AS (2-6 qt.) 2,4-D amine (2-3 pt.) simazine (1-2 lb.) pendimethalin (2-4 lb.) terbacil (1.6 lb.) nflurazon (2-4 lb.) yzalin (2-6 lb.) 2,4-D amine (1-1.5 lb.) Use in chards established f 1 year me. Controls annual broadleaf weeds and grasses. Apply in early spring befe weeds emerge late fall. May be applied as a split application. Use half the rate in the spring (1 to 2 pounds) and half the rate in the fall. Avoid contact with fruit and foliage. Use the low rate on coarsetextured soils and the higher rate on finer textured soils. DO NOT apply to sands, loamy sands, gravelly sands. DO NOT allow animals to graze treated areas. Princep may be tank mixed with Surflan Gramoxone. See label f appropriate use rate. MOA Photosystem II inhibit Apply only under NON-BEARING trees. DO NOT apply to newly transplanted trees until the soil has settled and there are no cracks present. Use the lower rate f 3- to 4-month control and the higher rate f 6- to 8-month control. Prowl is similar to Surflan in weeds controlled. DO NOT graze treated areas. MOA Mitosis inhibit Use only under trees which have completed their third growing season. Controls annual broadleaf weeds and grasses and some perennials. Apply in the spring befe weeds emerge are in the early seedling stage. Or, apply in the fall after harvest. DO NOT allow spray to contact fruit foliage. Follow label recommendations regarding soil types and ganic matter. Avoid eroded areas where roots are exposed. MOA Photosystem II inhibit Apply under bearing and non-bearing trees. DO NOT apply until transplanted trees have completed their first growing season (fall treatment). Make ONLY one application per year. Application should be made either postharvest in the fall in the early spring. DO NOT graze treated areas. Solicam may be tank mixed with Gramoxone Extra. MOA Carotenoid biosynthesis inhibit Apply under bearing and non-bearing trees. DO NOT apply to newly transplanted trees until the soil has settled and no cracks are present. Use the low rate f 2- to 4-month weed control, the medium rate f 6- to 8-month control, the high rate f 8- to 12-month control. Controls many annual grasses and smallseeded broadleaf weeds. DO NOT graze treated areas. MOA Mitosis inhibit POSTEMERGENCE (POST) F One-Year-Old Or Older Trees Only. Apply to vegetation between dmant trees to control emerged winter annual weeds. DO NOT apply within 2 weeks of budbreak. DO NOT use on sands loamy sand soils. Clean spray equipment thoughly after using this product. DO NOT use on newly planted trees. MOA Synthetic auxin

4 4 Alabama Cooperative Extension System Table 1. Peach Weed Control (cont.) Herbicide Trade Name (Rate/Acre Broadcast) Herbicide Common Name (Active Herbicide/Acre) Comments POSTEMERGENCE (POST) (cont.) AIM 2EC carfentrazone Apply under trees f postemergence control of several annual (1-2 oz.) ( lb.) broadleaf weeds. DO NOT allow spray to contact leaves, fruit, green stem tissue. Add a non-ionic surfactant crop oil concentrate at 2 pints 2 gallons per 100 gallons of spray mix, Non-ionic Surfactant non-ionic surfactant respectively. May be mixed with other registered herbicides. DO NOT apply within 3 days of harvest. MOA PPO inhibit FUSILADE DX (0.75 pt.) Crop Oil Concentrate (2 pt./25 gal. spray mix) Non-ionic Surfactant (0.5 pt./25 gal. spray mix) GRAMOXONE LS (2-4 pt.) FIRESTORM ( pt.) Non-ionic Surfactant (1-2 pt./100 gal. spray mix) POAST 1.5E ( pt.) Crop Oil Concentrate (2 pt./25 gal. spray mix) STINGER ( pt.) ROUNDUP TOUCHDOWN GLYPHOSATE (generic fms) Non-ionic Surfactant (1 pt./25 gal. spray mix) fluazifop-butyl (0.2 lb.) crop oil concentrate non-ionic surfactant paraquat (0.5-1 lb.) non-ionic surfactant sethoxydim ( lb.) crop oil concentrate clopyralid ( lb.) glyphosate (1-4 lb.) non-ionic surfactant Use f control of annual and perennial grasses. Apply as a directed spray using 10 to 40 gallons of spray solution per acre with a spray pressure of at least 30 psi. Use hollow cone flat fan nozzles. A non-phytotoxic crop oil concentrate nonionic surfactant must be used with this herbicide. Use a crop oil concentrate with Fusilade to control perennial grasses such as bermudagrass and johnsongrass. Repeat application may be needed if regrowth occurs. Broadleaf weeds and nutsedges (nutgrass) will not be controlled by this herbicide. DO NOT apply within 14 days of harvest. MOA ACCase inhibit One-year-old trees may have green bark and may be injured by herbicide contact. DO NOT allow spray to contact green stems, fruit, foliage. Controls annual broadleaf weeds and grasses and provides top-kill of perennials. Apply when weeds are succulent and new growth is 1 to 6 inches tall. Read label instructions f precautions. DO NOT allow animals to graze in treated area. Gramoxone is a RESTRICTED USE pesticide. MOA Photosystem I inhibit Apply f control of annual and perennial grasses. Apply as a directed spray in a maximum of 20 gallons of spray solution per acre. Add crop oil concentrate. A repeat application may be needed. Broadleaf weeds and nutsedge will not be controlled. DO NOT apply within 25 days of harvest. MOA ACCase inhibit Provides postemergence control of several annual broadleaf weeds. Especially effective on legume weeds (vetch, clover, etc.). May be mixed with other herbicides registered f peach. DO NOT apply within 30 days of harvest. DO NOT exceed a total of 0.66 pint per acre per year. MOA Synthetic auxin Apply to non-bearing and bearing trees. Apply to non-bearing trees that are at least 3 years old. Apply no later than 90 days after first bloom. Application must be made with a shielded sprayer wiper applicat which prevents any contact of herbicide with the peach foliage bark. EXTREME CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO ENSURE NO PART OF THE TREE IS CONTACTED. Remove suckers and hangers at least 10 days befe application. Controls a broad spectrum of annual and perennial weeds and grasses. DO NOT allow animals to graze in treated area. See label f specific rates. MOA EPSP inhibit

5 Table 2. Herbicide Classified by Mechanism of Action Mechanism of Action Herbicide Acetolactase Synthase (ALS) inhibits Matrix Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACCase) inhibit Fusilade, Poast Carotenoid biosynthesis inhibit Solicam Cellulose inhibit Alion, Gallery Enolpyruval shikimate-3-phosphase (EPSP) inhibit Roundup, Touchdown Mitosis inhibit Prowl, Devrinol, Surflan Photosystem I inhibit Gramoxone, Firestm Photosystem II inhibit Karmex, Direx, Pincep, Sinbar Protopphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibit Chateau, Aim Synthetic auxin 2,4-D, Stinger Commercial Peach: Disease and Weed Control Recommendations f Table 3. Estimated Effectiveness of Recommended Herbicide Treatments on Imptant Weeds Infesting Peaches in Alabama 1 HERBICIDES WEEDS Alion Chateau Gallery Goal Karmex Matrix Karmex Sinbar Princep Prowl Bahiagrass Bermudagrass Blackberry Crabgrass Flida Pusley Goosegrass Lambsquarter Mninggly Nutsedge Pigweed Prickly Sida Ragweed Texas Panicum continued 1 Ratings are based on observations of research plots and field use under average weather conditions f several years by weed control wkers in Alabama and the South. KEY TO CONTROL RATINGS AND ABBREVIATIONS Ratings on a scale of 0 to 10: 0 = No control; 10 = 100% control. PRE = Preemergence.

6 6 Alabama Cooperative Extension System Table 3. Estimated Effectiveness of Recommended Herbicide Treatments on Imptant Weeds Infesting Peaches in Alabama 1 (cont.) HERBICIDES WEEDS Roundup, Solicam Surflan AIM Fusilade Poast Gramoxone Stinger Touchdown (POST) (POST) (POST) (POST) (POST) (POST) Bahiagrass Bermudagrass Blackberry Crabgrass Flida Pusley Goosegrass Lambsquarter Mninggly Nutsedge Pigweed Prickly Sida Ragweed Texas Panicum Ratings are based on observations of research plots and field use under average weather conditions f several years by weed control wkers in Alabama and the South. KEY TO CONTROL RATINGS AND ABBREVIATIONS Ratings on a scale of 0 to 10: 0 = No control; 10 = 100% control. = Infmation not available. PRE = Preemergence; POST = Postemergence. Commercial Peach: Weed Control section prepared by Michael G. Patterson, Visiting Profess, Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University; and John W. Everest, Profess Emeritus, Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University. F me infmation on pesticides, pesticide safety, submitting samples f analysis, see the following publications in the IPM series: IPM 1293, Safety. Safety contact infmation; wker protection standards; the safe use, handling, and stage of pesticides IPM 1294, Submitting Samples. Procedures f submitting samples f diagnosis, analysis, and identification IPM 1295, General Pesticide Infmation. Federal and state restricted use pesticide lists; pesticides and water quality

7 Commercial Peach: Disease and Weed Control Recommendations f PESTICIDE PRECAUTIONS Many pesticides now used in commercial chard spray programs are hazardous unless you follow proper precautions. This is especially true of parathion, azinphosmethyl (Guthion), and endosulfan (Thiodan). Always read the label when using pesticides and observe the recommended precautions. Pesticides are relatively safe when used as recommended, but they can become a potential liability in the hands of a careless operat. The chard owner manager is directly and legally responsible f the effective and safe use of pesticides. The most imptant precautions to observe when handling pesticides include: 1. Avoid breathing wettable powder while opening the bags and putting it into the spray tank. Avoid inhaling spray mist during a spraying operation. Wk to windward. While handling wettable powder and when spraying entering sprayed areas, wear a respirat recommended f protection against parathion Guthion. 2. Wash your hands, arms, and face after handling pesticides and befe eating, smoking, etc. 3. If you are wking under conditions that involve considerable spray drift dust, wear protective covering. A light plastic raincoat also gives protection;, cut a hole large enough f your head in the center of a plastic sheet and simply drape it over your shoulders. Wear a washable rubber plastic rain hat. 4. Never handle pesticide wettable powders with bare hands. If you must handle a powder, wear natural rubber gloves f protection not synthetic rubber, leather, cloth gloves. 5. Keep on hand f emergency use under medical direction a supply of atropine tablets, 1/120 (0.5 mg). The symptoms of parathion Guthion poisoning include blurred vision, weakness, nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and discomft in the chest. If you feel any of these symptoms while spraying with parathion Guthion, quit spraying, take two atropine tablets at once, then consult your doct immediately and tell him her what you suspect. 6. Follow directions and recommendations to keep the residue on the fruit within the legal limits. Follow all precautions on the pesticide label with reference to time, application rate, and total amount to apply.

8 Alabama Cooperative Extension System 2013 IPM-0008 F me infmation, contact your county Extension office. Visit www.aces.

Follow all directions, precautions, and restrictions that are listed.

8 8 Alabama Cooperative Extension System 2013 IPM-0008 F me infmation, contact your county Extension office. Visit look in your telephone directy under your county s name to find contact infmation. Use pesticides only accding to the directions on the label. Follow all directions, precautions, and restrictions that are listed. Do not use pesticides on plants that are not listed on the label The pesticide rates in this publication are recommended only if they are registered with the Environmental Protection Agency the Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries. If a registration is changed canceled, the rate listed here is no longer recommended. Befe you apply any pesticide, check with your county Extension agent f the latest infmation. Trade names are used only to give specific infmation. The Alabama Cooperative Extension System does not endse guarantee any product and does not recommend one product instead of another that might be similar. Published by the Alabama Cooperative Extension System (Alabama A&M University and Auburn University), an equal opptunity educat and employer.

Weed Management in Stone Fruit Tree Crops (Nectarine, Peach, and Plum) 1

HS93 Weed Management in Stone Fruit Tree Crops (, Peach, and ) 1 Peter J. Dittmar and Jeffrey G. Williamson 2 Proper weed management is important for a healthy stone fruit orchard. Stone fruit trees and