AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT AND SAFEGUARDS

Transcription

1 AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT AND SAFEGUARDS Implications for Implementation The Mexico Experience IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE MODERNIZATION PROJECT (PMIR) Michael Carroll, Task Manager, LCSER, Water Week

2 PMIR - OVERVIEW Objective: To assist GOM in the adoption of a new model to improve the competitiveness of irrigated agriculture and the efficiency of irrigation water use [Irrigation Districts and Units, (ID, IU)] through: Demand driven Integrated Irrigation Investment Plans (IIIPs) through: modernization of existing irrigation infrastructure increased productivity of irrigated agriculture and diversification into high-value crops consolidation of the transfer of irrigation infrastructure to water users institutional strengthening of water users organizations consolidating the current cost recovery system for both operating and capital costs establishment of a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation system 2

3 Beneficiaries: PMIR OVERVIEW (Cont..1) Water User Associations (WUAs), small and communal farmers at a module level District Organizations (SRLs) Project potential target population: 1.1 Million irrigation farmers in both (ID: IU: producers) Direct assistance to ~ farmers Equal access to project benefits by small and large farmers Institutional and implementation arrangements: Comision Nacional del Agua (CNA) and Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentacion (SAGARPA) Total costs: US$ M Borrower: US$ M IBRD: US$ M 3

4 PMIR OVERVIEW (Cont 2) Project components: 1. Modernization and rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure in IDs, and IUs through IIIPs. 2. Diversification and intensification of irrigated agricultural production (technical and financial assistance) 3. Training and institutional development 4. Project management (project coordination and M&E system) 4

5 PROJECT PREPARATION Environmental specialist on team; consultation of Task Team with Bank s social and environmental specialists Sectoral Environmental Assessment (SEA) Vs Environmental Assessments (EAs) Social Assessment PHRD: US$ 560,000 (SEA + four IIIPs) 5

6 6 PROJECT PREPARATION (Cont..2) PUBLIC CONSULTATION Preparation of SEA included public consultation events with stakeholders: WUAs, representatives of public and private sector institutions, (academia, environmental agencies, NGOs) CNA existing procedures include an active consultation process with all users and concerned parties Consultation process led to incorporate additional environmental indicators (efficiency, health and sustainability, water quality, toxicological statistics) SEA recommended mechanisms for public consultation in design and review of irrigation subprojects-specific

7 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE IN MEXICO Inter-sectoral conflicts over scarce water supplies Threats to freshwater wetlands and their endangered biodiversity Nutrient pollution of groundwater and surface water supplies Health and environmental risks from pesticides contamination Overexploited aquifers 7

8 8 PMIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS PMIR Environmental classification: B Overall: positive in net terms (reducing aggregate water abstraction) Attention to mitigate specific adverse environmental impacts of subprojects (and to enhance positive ones) Project finances rehabilitation not expansion into new areas

9 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS Two levels: SEA and EAs 1. SEA: Key environmental management issues for the irrigation and drainage sector: Main irrigation related environmental issues and mitigation strategies Major regional hotspots of water use conflicts (rivers, wetlands) 9

10 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS (Cont.. 2) Environmental Management Plan (EMP): Pest Management Plan Environmental procedures for civil works Environmental guidelines for the operation of irrigation systems Project eligibility criteria and procedures for environmental review of subprojects Standards TORs for subproject s specific EAs 10

11 OVERLAPPING MAPS: IRRIGATION DISTRICTS NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS CRITICAL AREAS GOGORRON (S.L.P.) SIERRA GORDA LOS MARMOLES N 085 LA BEGOÑA SIERRA GORDA N 087 ROSARIO MEZQUITE (MICHOACÁN Y JALISCO) N 020 MORELIA (MICHOACÁN) N 011 ALTO RÍO LERMA SANTUARIO DE LA MARIPOSA MONARCA SYMBOLS IRRIGATION DISTRICTS NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS GUANAJUATO CRITICAL AREAS 11

12 OVERLAPPING MAPS: IRRIGATION DISTRICTS NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS CRITICAL AREAS N 014 RÍO COLORADO (SON. Y B.C.) EL PINACATE Y GRAN DESIERTO DE ALTAR ALTO GOLFO DE CALIFORNIA Y DELTA DEL RÍO COLORADO PITIQUITO HERMOSILLO N 051 COSTA HERMOSILLO ISLAS DEL GOLFO DE CALIFORNIA N 037 RÍOS ALTAR, PITIQUITO Y CABORCA MAVAVI BENJAMIN HILL BAVISPE SIERRA DE LOS AJOS / BAVISPE HUACHINERA TUTUACA YECORA CAJÓN DEL DIABLO TOMOCHIC-BASSASEACHIC SYMBOLS IRRIGATION DISTRICTS N 084 GUAYMAS N 018 COLONIAS YAQUIS ALAMOS SIERRA DE ALAMOS-RÍO CUCHUJAQUI NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS CRITICAL AREAS N 038 RÍO MAYO SONORA 12

13 13 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS (Cont.. 3) 2. Environmental Assessment for specific subproject during project implementation at ID, IU, or subproject module level. EA part of the process for subproject formulation and approval Subproject EA will: a. Assess specific potential environmental impacts b. Describe mitigation or enhancement measures

14 14 ADRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS Consultation with ESSD-QAT and good interaction between ESSD-QAT and Task Team facilitated cost-effective and timely implementation of safeguards SEA addressed QAT recommendations Currently SEA in Infoshop and available Field office involvement Local environmental consultant (SEA) Active client participation in SEA Operational Manual: approved at negotiations

15 SAFEGUARDS MANAGEMENT IN PMIR SAFEGUARD POTENTIALLY TRIGGERED BY FINDINGS FROM SEA ACTION IN EA/SAFEGUARD MONITORING Natural Habitats policy (OP 4.04) Local increased water abstraction or changed drainage flows (wetlands, natural habitats) Identified main geographical areas of Mexico (wetlands), i.e. Rio Lerma Basin EA will: screen for possible impacts or other natural habitats; incorporate mitigation measures within subproject design Pest management (OP 4.09) Intensification of irrigated agriculture; pesticide application equipment might be procured Included Pest Management Plan The project would not finance purchase of pesticides. TOR of IIIPs would provide for training and TA in pest management (subprojects changes in crops or cultivation methods) 15

16 SAFEGUARDS MANAGEMENT (Cont..2) SAFEGUARD POTENTIALLY TRIGGERED BY FINDINGS FROM SEA ACTION IN EA/SAFEGUARD MONITORING Dam safety (OP. 4.37) Safety of existing dams under existing or planned conditions Recommended documentation of dam safety Subprojects which use water from existing dams would include evidence of updated inspection of the safety of those dams (information available from CNA) Cultural Property (OPN ) Excavation of earth for rehabilitating or improving irrigation works might uncover items archeological, paleontological Included guidelines for chance find procedures All civil works bidding documents, contracts and work orders would follow standard environmental rules for contractors (including chance find procedures for cultural property) 16

17 17 SAFEGUARDS MANAGEMENT (Cont..3) SAFEGUARD POTENTIALLY TRIGGERED BY FINDINGS FROM SEA ACTION IN EA/SAFEGUARD MONITORING International waterways (OP. 7.50) If project affects the use of water from the Rio Grande along the US border Presented a diagnosis of the Mexican International and National Water Law. International Boundary and Water Comission (IBWC) Through existent commitments the US government has been notified by CNA (according to OP/BP 7.50)

18 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY (QAT RECOMMENDATION) Implementation agency will designate an environmental expert for the review of subprojects The SEA included a environmental training proposal for relevant CNA, SAGARPA staffs, and WUAs representatives, technical assistance providers, etc. 18

19 CONCLUSIONS The project ensured adequate resources for the assessment of safeguard policies (PHRD, early) Task Team developed an effective communication and understanding of the Bank safeguards Good interaction between ESSD-QAT, Task Team and client facilitated cost-effective and timely analysis of safeguards implications Demand driven approach with comprehensive project operational manual can significantly reduce the institutional risk of supporting investments in irrigation 19