Use of Life Cycle Assessment in Irish Freshwater Aquaculture Systems

Transcription

1 Use of Life Cycle Assessment in Irish Freshwater Aquaculture Systems Environ 24/03/2016 Ronan Cooney, Richard Walsh, Richard FitzGerald, Eoghan Clifford

2 Outline Introduction MOREFISH Irish Freshwater Aquaculture Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Impact Categories References and Acknowledgements Questions

3 Intro: MOREFISH DAFM funded project Partnership between NUI, Galway and AIT To improve production management and efficiencies through working with industry Objectives: Enhancing sustainability Reducing environmental impacts Industry Partners Improving fish health and reducing mortalities Water usage Use of novel technologies and processes Microbubble aeration and PUV

4 Intro: MOREFISH II Life Cycle Assessment of Irish freshwater aquaculture sites Looking at various types of systems utilizing different water sources Inflow Outflow Inflow Flow Through Aquaculture System Recirculating Aquaculture System

5 Intro: Irish FW Aquaculture I First hatchery, 1852 in Oughterard Co. Galway Resurgence again in 1950 s Focused mainly on salmonids Salmo trutta,salmo salar (Smolts), Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salvelinus alpinus Licensing DAFM and County Councils Demand for fish products continues to rise Annual output of salmonids at 15,000 tonnes pa Freshwater output at 728 (2013) Under Food Harvest 2020 increased to 45,000 tonnes

6 Intro: Irish FW Aquaculture II Different aquaculture systems in use: Raceways, Ponds, RAS, Semi-RAS, tanks. Water sources: River, lake, spring Varying degrees of water treatment Most extensive use in RAS

7 Intro:Life Cycle Assessment I ISO and A technique used to assess the environmental impacts associated with all stages of a products life from cradle to grave. Can assist in: Identifying opportunities to improve environmental efficiencies Inform decision-making Selection of more relevant environmental performance Marketing of a product (MSC, Certified Sustainable etc )

8 Intro:Life Cycle Assessment II

9 Reference Species System Country Functional Unit System Boundary Allocation Method Aubin et al Turbot Impact Category RAS France 1 ton live weight Farm Gate Frequency Used Economic Value Aubin et al Rainbow, seabass and turbot Various France 1 ton live weight Farm Gate Economic Value D Orbcastel Global Warming et al. Trout Potential Various Model 1 ton live weight Farm Gate 12 Economic Value 2009 (France) Acidification 12 Pelletier and Atlantic Salmon Salmon feeds Canada 1 ton live weight Farm Gate Gross Nutritional Energy Tyedmers Eutrophication Ayer and Atlantic Salmon Various Canada 1 ton live weight Farm Gate Gross Nutritional Energy Tyedmers Energy Use 2009 and Arctic Char 8 Pelletier Biotic Resource et al. Use Atlantic Salmon Cage Global 1 ton live weight Farm Gate 6 Gross Nutritional Energy 2009 Pelletier Marine and Aquatic Ecotoxicity Tilapia Net cage and Indonesia 1 ton fillets Market 4 Gross Nutritional Energy Tyedmers 2010 Ponds Mungkung Abiotic Depletion 2005 Shrimps Potential Ponds Thailand 1.8kg shrimp tails Waste 3 Economic Value Gronroos Ozone Depletion et al. Rainbow Potential Net Cage Finland 1 ton dead weight Farm Gate 3 Mass 2006 Ellingsen Human and Toxicity Atlantic Salmon Net Cage Norway 200 gram fillet Market 3 Mass/Economic Value Aanondsen 2006 Water Dependence 2 Iribarren et al. Blue Mussels Rafts Spain 1kg of dry mussel flesh Consumer System Expansion 2010 Photochemical Oxidant Formation 2 Phong 2010 Various Ponds, Vietnam 1kg of live fish/ 1 kcal Farm Gate Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity integrated 2 Economic Value Martins et al. Various RAS Various N/a N/a N/a Terrestrial Ecotoxicity Samuel-Fitwi Surface Usewt Rainbow Various Germany & 1 ton live weight Farm Gate 2 System Expansion al Denmark Samuel-Fitwi, Respiratory Impacts Rainbow From Inorganics Various Germany 1 ton live weight Farm Gate 1 System Expansion Schroeder & Carcinogenic Effects on Humans Schulz

10 Impact Categories Planning to assess 6 categories: 1. Global Warming Potential (GWP) 2. Acidification Potential (AP) 3. Water Dependence (WD) 4. Eutrophication Potential (EP) 5. Energy Use 6. Biodiversity Impact Potential (BIP)

11 Biodiversity Impact Potential Distinct lack of use in LCA Despite being one of the key indicators for sustainability Address sustainability issues impacts on habitats and species Planned to take a multifaceted approach to assess the impact Focus on WFD techniques Emphasis on freshwater ecology Rates/levels of water use Inputs Vs Outputs

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13 Summary LCA of most common types of aquaculture systems in Ireland Baseline study Evaluate environmental performance of freshwater aquaculture Looking at BIP in depth

14 Acknowledgements Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine Team members of MOREFISH Industry partners

15 References Literature: Asche, F., Roheim, C. A., & Smith, M. D. (2015). Trade intervention: Not a silver bullet to address environmental externalities in global aquaculture.marine Policy. Caffrey, J. M. (1986). Macrophytes as biological indicators of organic pollution in Irish rivers. Biological indicators of pollution Royal Irish Academy, Cao, L., Diana, J. S., & Keoleian, G. A. (2013). Role of life cycle assessment in sustainable aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture, 5(2), Ecosystems and human well-being. Vol. 5. Washington, DC:: Island press, 2005 Ellingsen, H., & Aanondsen, S. A. (2006). Environmental impacts of wild caught cod and farmed Salmon-a comparison with chicken (7 pp). The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 11(1), Henriksson, P. J., Guinée, J. B., Kleijn, R., & de Snoo, G. R. (2012). Life cycle assessment of aquaculture systems a review of methodologies. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 17(3), Ottinger, M., Clauss, K., & Kuenzer, C. (2016). Aquaculture: Relevance, distribution, impacts and spatial assessments A review. Ocean & Coastal Management, 119, Pelletier, N., Tyedmers, P., Sonesson, U., Scholz, A., Ziegler, F., Flysjo, A.,... & Silverman, H. (2009). Not all salmon are created equal: life cycle assessment (LCA) of global salmon farming systems. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(23), Penman, T. D., Law, B. S., & Ximenes, F. (2010). A proposal for accounting for biodiversity in life cycle assessment. Biodiversity and conservation,19(11), Samuel-Fitwi, B., Schroeder, J. P., & Schulz, C. (2013). System delimitation in life cycle assessment (LCA) of aquaculture: striving for valid and comprehensive environmental assessment using rainbow trout farming as a case study. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 18(3), Vannote, R. L., Minshall, G. W., Cummins, K. W., Sedell, J. R., & Cushing, C. E. (1980). The river continuum concept. Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences, 37(1), Wilkins, Noel P. (1989). Ponds, passes and parcs: aquaculture in Victorian Ireland, ISBN Images: Earth Pond Image: Rainbow Trout drawing: Perla:

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