Advances in aquaculture hatchery technology

Transcription

1 Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition: Number 242 SUB Hamburg A/ Advances in aquaculture hatchery technology Edited by Geoff Allan and Gavin Burnell WP WOODHEAD PUBLISHING Oxford Cambridge Philadelphia New Delhi Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013

2 Contents Contributor contact details Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition Foreword Preface xiii xix xxix xxxi Part I Reproduction and larval rearing 1 1 Aquaculture hatchery water supply and treatment systems 3 O.-I. Lekang, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway 1.1 Introduction, The water supply and its main components Water treatment systems Future trends References 20 2 Principles of finfish broodstock management in aquaculture: control of reproduction and genetic improvement 23 N. J. Duncan, IRTA, Spain and A. K. Sonesson and H. Chavanne, Nofima, Norway 2.1 Introduction Control of reproduction Critical points in the control of reproduction: forming a broodstock, culture environment and nutrition 28 Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013

3 vi Contents 2.4 Environment during gametogenesis and spawning: the optimal environment Sub-optimal environment: reproductive dysfunctions ' t Egg quality and incubation Management points: fecundity, out-of-season spawning and sexual differentiation Gamete stripping and spawning Genetic improvement: traits, breeding values and application of genomic resources Genetic improvement: risks, evidence of genetic response and current research programs in Europe Conclusion Acknowledgements References 66 3 Cryopreservation of gametes for aquaculture and alternative cell sources for genome preservation 76 C. Labbe, INRA, France and V. Robles and M. P. Herraez, University of Leon, Spain 3.1 Introduction Gamete cryopreservation in aquacultured species Sperm cryopreservation methods and adaptation to hatcheries Trials on egg and embryo cryopreservation Genetic integrity and epigenetic perspective Alternative cell sources for cryobanking in fish Conclusions Sources of further information Acknowledgements References Live microalgae as feeds in aquaculture hatcheries 117 M. R. Brown and S. I. Blackburn, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Australia 4.1 Introduction, Compositional diversity of microalgae used in aquaculture Microalgae applications as aquaculture feeds Isolation of microalgae, and the establishment and maintenance of starter cultures Mass scale production of microalgae Preserved microalgae as feed Future trends Sources of further information and advice References 145 Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013

4 Contents vii 5 Rotifers, Anemia and copepods as live feeds for fish larvae in aquaculture 157 /. Dhont and K. Dierckens, Ghent University, Belgium, J. St0ttrup, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark and G. Van Stappen, M. Wille and P. Sorgeloos, Ghent University, Belgium 5.1 Introduction v Rotifers as live feed: culture and harvesting Feed for rotifers: types, techniques and nutrition Rotifers as live feed: microbial aspects, hygiene and preservation techniques Artemia as live feed: an overview Diversification of Artemia resources New developments in the use of Artemia Copepods as live feed: an overview Copepods as live feed: nutritional value, microbiology and preservation techniques References Microdiets as alternatives to live feeds for fish larvae in aquaculture: improving the efficiency of feed particle utilization 203 S. Kolkovski, Department of Fisheries, Australia 6.1 Introduction Diet manufacturing methods and microdiet characteristics Feeding system Future trends References Management of finfish and shellfish larval health in aquaculture hatcheries 223 T. J. Bowden and I.R. Bricknell, University of Maine, USA 7.1 Introduction Diseases in hatcheries Development of immune systems in aquatic animals Management of larval health Conclusion References Microbial management for bacterial pathogen control in invertebrate aquaculture hatcheries 246 E. F. Goulden, L. H0j and M. R. Hall, Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Australia 8.1 Introduction 246 Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013

5 viii Contents 8.2 Methods to study bacterial communities in hatchery systems Hatchery microbial compartments Identification, detection and monitoring of pathogens ' Prophylactic strategies Treatment strategies Innovations and future trends References 273 Part II Closing the life-cycle and overcoming challenges in hatchery production for selected invertebrate species Palinurid lobster larval rearing for closed-cycle hatchery production 289 M. R. Hall, M. Kenway, M. Salmon, D. Francis, E. F. Goulden and L. H0j, Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Australia 9.1 Introduction Development of hatchery technology for palinurid larvae and broodstock husbandry Larval rearing, water quality and tank design Health issues during larval rearing Health: infections and nutrition Metamorphosis to puerulus and settlement to juvenile Future trends Acknowledgements References ' Biosecurity measures in specific pathogen free (SPF) shrimp hatcheries 329 /. Wyban, High Health Aquaculture Inc., USA 10.1 Introduction SPF shrimp and the development of hatchery technology Biosecurity in SPF shrimp hatcheries Industry impact References Blue mussel hatchery technology in Europe 339 P. Kamermans, IMARES, The Netherlands, T. Galley, Bangor University, Wales, P. Boudry, IFREMER, France, J. Fuentes, CIMA, Spain, H. McCombie and F. M. Batista, Bangor University, Wales, A. Blanco, IMARES, The Netherlands, L. Dominguez, CIMA, Spain, F. Cornette, IFREMER, France, L. Pincot, Grainocean hatchery, France and A. Beaumont, Bangor University, Wales Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013

6 Contents ix 11.1 Introduction Broodstock: holding, conditioning and management Spawning, fertilisation, embryo development, early D-larvae and triploid and tetraploid induction Larval rearing Metamorphosis and spat settlement Nursery rearing of mussel spat up to seed Grow-out of mussel seed in land- and sea-based facilities Future trends Sources of further information References Research on the production of hatchery-reared juveniles of cephalopods with special reference to the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) 374 /. Iglesias and L. Fuentes, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Vigo, Spain 12.1 Introduction Broodstock conditioning and reproduction process Paralarvae rearing Conclusions and future trends Sources of further information and advice Acknowledgements References Jellyfish as products and problems of aquaculture 404 /. E. Purcell, Western Washington University, USA, E. J. Baxter, Vet-Aqua International, Ireland and V. L. Fuentes, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (CSIC), Spain 13.1 Introduction Jellyfish as human food, their fisheries and aquaculture Culture of jellyfish for aquaria and research Problems with aquaculture caused by jellyfish References Sea cucumber aquaculture: hatchery production, juvenile growth and industry challenges 431 A. Mercier, Memorial University, Canada and J.-F. Hamel, Society for the Exploration and Valuing of the Environment (SEVE), Canada 14.1 Introduction: historical background Hatchery production Juvenile growth 442 Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013

7 x Contents 14.4 Co-culture Diseases Conclusions and future trends ^ Acknowledgements References 450 Part III Closing the life-cycle and overcoming challenges in hatchery production for selected fish species Closed-cycle hatchery production of tuna 457 G. J. Partridge, Australian Centre for Applied Aquaculture Research, Australia 15.1 Introduction Broodstock systems and management Larval rearing and nursery production Conclusions and future trends Acknowledgements References Developments in hatchery technology for striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) 498 P. T. Nguyen, T. M. Bui and T. A. Nguyen, Can Tho University, Vietnam and S. De Silva, Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia and Pacific (NACA), Thailand and Deakin University, Australia 16.1 Introduction Striped catfish seed production: induced breeding in hatcheries Striped catfish seed production: larval and fry nursing Harvesting and transportation Future trends References Aquaculture production of meagre (Argyrosomus regius): hatchery techniques, ongrowing and market 519 N. J. Duncan and A. Estevez, IRTA, Spain, H. Ferndndez-Palacios, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, I. Gairin, IRTA, Spain, C. M. Hernandez-Cruz, J. Roo and D. Schuchardt, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain and R. Valles, IRTA, Spain 17.1 Introduction Broodstock management Larviculture Ongrowing and harvest 531 Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013

8 Contents xi 17.5 Product, market and economic aspects Future trends Acknowledgements References Hatchery production of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) 542 D. Stewart Fielder, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Australia 18.1 Introduction Broodstock management Larviculture Future trends References 551 Part IV Aquaculture hatcheries for conservation and education Hatchery production for conservation and stock enhancement: the case of Australian freshwater fish /. Rowland, NSW Fisheries, Australia 19.1 Introduction Captive breeding and stocking Actions to address concerns in Australia Australian government hatcheries Threatened species: decline, stocking and recovery Stock enhancement: golden perch and Australian bass Hatchery production and stocking: a success story in Australia Conclusions Acknowledgements References Developing educational programs in partnership with aquaculture hatchery facilities 596 D. Meritt and D. Webster, University of Maryland, USA 20.1 Introduction The hatchery as a multi-disciplinary educational tool Levels of hatchery education Important considerations for educational programs that utilize aquaculture Future trends Sources of further information References 623 Index 627 Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013