KRISHNA UNIVERSITY MACHILIPATNAM

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1 KRISHNA UNIVERSITY MACHILIPATNAM III B.Sc., Botany Theory Model Paper Semester-VI VII-A ORGANIC FARMING & SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURTE TIME: 3hr MAXMARKS: 75 Section-A Answer any FIVE of the following questions 5x5=25m 1. Requirements for organic farming. 2. Principles of organic farming. 3. Green manure. 4. Botanical pesticides. 5. Mushroom cultivation. 6. Organic preparation. 7. Scope of organic farming in Andhra Pradesh. 8. Farm inspection and certification. SECTION-B Answer All of the following Questions 5x10=50M 9. (a).write a essay on concept and development of organic farming. (b).explain the benefits and need for organic farming. 10. (a).write a essay on bio fertilizers. (b).explain the propagation process.

2 11. (a).describe the plant protection process. (b).write a essay on weed management. 12. (a).describe the organic crop production methods. (b).explain the sustainable agriculture process. 13. (a).explain the basic production principles. (b).write an essay on farm economy.

3 KRISHNA UNIVERSITY MACHILIPATNAM III B.Sc., Botany Theory Model Paper Semester VI VII-B NURSERY, GARDENING & FLORI CULTURE TIME: 3hr MAXMARKS: 75 SECTION-A Answer any FIVE of the following questions 5x5=25M 1. Objectives of nursery. 2. Soil laying. 3. Famous gardens of India. 4. Cuttings. 5. Trans planting of seed lings. 6. Cultivation of plants in pots. 7. Management os pests. 8. Ornmental bulbous and foliage plants. SECTION-B Answer All of the following Questions 5x10=50M 9. (a). Explain the nursery management process. (b). Describe the planning and seasonal activities of planting. 10. (a).explain the different types of gardenings. (b). Write a essay on land scaping. 11. (a). Describe the different types layering process. (b).write a essay on green houses.

4 12. (a).explain the ornamentals palms. (b).describe the processes of flori culture. 13. (a).explain the different methods harvesting in flori culture. (b).describe the cultivation of important cut flowers. *******

5 KRISHNA UNIVERSITY MACHILIPATNAM III B.Sc., Botany Theory Model Paper Semester -VI VII-C PLANT TISSUE CULTURE& IT S BIO TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS TIME: 3hr MAXMARKS: 75 Section-A Answer any FIVE of the following questions 5x5=25m 1. Sterilization. 2. Cryo preservation. 3. Somatic embryo gensis. 4. Restriction Endo nucleases. 5. CDNA libraries. 6. Micro injection. 7. Herbicide resistance. 8. PCR (polymerace chain reaction). SECTION-B Answer All of the following Questions 5x10=50M 9. (a).describe the different types of culture medias. (b).explain the process of callus culture. 10. (a).explain the process embryo culture. (b).write a essay on germplasm conservation.

6 11. (a).explain the gene cloning process. (b).describe the different types of cloning vectors. 12. (a).describe the different types of methods in gene transfer. (b).explain the selection on transgenics. 13. (a).describe the applications of genetic engineering process. (b).write a essay on transgenic plants.

7 KRISHNA UNIVERSITY MACHILIPATNAM III B.Sc., Botany Theory Model Paper SEMESETER VI VIII-A-1 PLANT DIVERSITY AND HUMAN WELFARE TIME: 3 HOURS MAX MARKS: 75 SECTION-A Answer any FIVE of the Following questions: 5X5=25M 1 ORNAMENTAL PLANTS 2 AVENUE TREES 3 EIA 4 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 5 IUCN 6 UNESCO 7 AESTHETIC VALUES OF BIODIVERSITY 8 NBPGR SECTION-B Answer all of the Following questions: 5X10=50M 9.(A) Explain the structure and types of ecosystems. (b) Explain the values and uses of biodiversity. 10.(a) Describe the reasons for loss of agro biodiversity. (b) Explain the organizations associated with biodiversity management? 11. (a) Explain the geographical information system (GIS). (b) Describe the method of solid and liquid waste management.

8 12.(a) Explain the various types of conservation of genetic diversity. (b) Describe the various types of biodiversity awareness programmes. 13.(a) Describe the importance of forestry. (b) Explain the forests utilization and commercial aspects.

9 KRISHNA UNIVERSITY MACHILIPATNAM III B.Sc., Botany Theory Model Paper SEMESTER VI VIII-A-2 ETHNO BOTANY AND MEDICINAL BOTANY TIME: 3 HOURS MAX MARKS:75 SECTION-A ANSWER ANY FIVE OF THE FOLLOWING questions: 5X5=25M 1 MAJOR ETHNIC GROUPS 2 FOOD PLANTS 3 AZADIRACHTA INDICA 4 INDIGOFERA FINCTORIA 5 PROPERTY RIGHTS 6 POLYHERBAL FORMULATION 7 BOTANICAL GARDENS 8 RED LIST CRITERIA SECTION-B ANSWER FIVE OF THE FOLLOWING questions. 5X10=50M 9. (a) Explain the scope and objectives of ethno botany. (b) Describe the plants used by the tribal populations. 10.(a) explain the role of ethno botany in modern medicines with special examples. (b) Describe the medicinal values of phyllanthus and ocimum sanctum. 11.(a) Describe the sharing of wealth concept with few examples from India.

10 (b) Explain the biopiracy intellectual property rights and traditional knowledge. 12.(a) Explain the origin concepts and scope of AYURVEDA. (b) Describe the siddha medicine and unani therapy. 13.(a) explain the endemic and endangered medicinal plants. (b) Describe the conservation of biosphere reserves sacred groves and national parks.

11 KRISHNA UNIVERSITY MACHILIPATNAM III B.Sc., Botany Theory Model Paper SEMESTER VI VIII-A-3 PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTO CHEMISTRY TIME: 3 HOURS MAX MARKS: 75 SECTION-A Answer any FIVE of the following questions: 5X5=25M 1 TUMOR INHIBITORS 2 ANTITOXIDANTS 3 VOLATILE OILS 4 CUCURBITACINS 5 SECONDARY METABOLITES 6 ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS 7 PHARMACOLOGICAL DRUGS 8 AROMATHERAPY SECTION-B Answer FIVE of the following questions 5X10=50M 9. (a) Explain the classification of drugs? (b) Describe the drug evolution method? 10. (a) Explain the different types of organoleptic methods? (b) Explain the common adulterants of rauwolfia serpentine? 11. (a) Explain primary and secondary metabolites? (b) Describe the extraction methods of alkaloids?

12 12. (a) Explain the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds? (b) Describe the biosynthesis of alkaloids? 13. (a) Describe the different types of vaccines? (b) Explain the role of different enzyme inhibitors?

13 KRISHNA UNIVERSITY MACHILIPATNAM III B.Sc., Botany Theory Model Paper Semester VI VIII-B-1 Biological instrumentation and Methodology Time: 3Hours Max.Marks:75 SECTION: A Answer any FIVE of the following questions 5 5=25M 1. Freeze drying. 2. Application of Fluorescence microscopy. 3. Principles of Light microscopy. 4. Application of Paper Chromatography. 5. Technique of handling Micro pipettes. 6. Labelling of reagent bottles. 7. Types of rotors. 8. Electrophoresis. SECTION: B Answer ALL of the following questions. Draw labelled diagrams wherever necessary. 5 10=50M 9. a) Write an account on the priniciples of Fluorescence. b) Write an account on Electron microscopy.

14 10. a) Enumerate the principles and instrumentation of ph meter. b) Define centrifugation. Discuss the principles and the types of centrifuges. 11. a) Write an account on single beam and double beam Spectrophotometers. b) Describe the principles and applications of Luminometry. 12. a) Write an account on the thin layer chromatographic technique. b) Write an account on gel filtaration. 13. a) Write an essay on Molarity, Normality of common acids and bases with formulae. b) Write an account on common toxic chemicals and safety measures in their handling.

15 KRISHNA UNIVERSITY MACHILIPATNAM III B.Sc., Botany Theory Model Paper Semester VI VIII-B-2 Mushroom Culture and Technology Time: 3Hours Max.Marks:75 SECTION: A Answer any FIVE of the following questions 5 5=25M 1.vitamins in mushrooms 2.mushrooms marketing in india. 3.Paddy straw bed preparation 4.Composting technology in mushroom production. 5.Polypropylene bags. 6.Edible mushrooms. 7.Poisonous mushrooms. 8.PDA medium SECTION: B Answer ALL of the following questions. 5 10=50M 9.a) Describe the various steps involved in the process of mushroom cultivation. (OR) b) Explain the nutritional and medicinal values of edible mushrooms.

16 10.a) Explain the different steps involved in the preparation of spawn. b) Describe the preparation of test tube slants to store mother culture in petriplates and Saline bottle. 11.a) Explain the various types of mushroom bed preparations. b) Describe the different types of tools and instruments for mushroom cultivation. 12.a) Explain the different types of mushroom storage methods. b) Describe the nutrients found in mushrooms carbohydrates, vitamins, proteins and mineral elements. 13.a)Explain the various types of food preparation from mushrooms. b) Explain the mushroom research centers at national level and regional level.

KRISHNA UNIVERSITY ZOOLOGY-SEMESTER-VI VII-A (IMMUNOLOGY)

KRISHNA UNIVERSITY ZOOLOGY-SEMESTER-VI VII-A (IMMUNOLOGY) TOTAL=75M I ANSWER ANY FIVE OF THE FOLLOWING 5X5=25M 1. Phagocytic cells 2. BALT (Bronchial/Tracheal associated Lymphoid tissue) 3. Haptens 4.