Biomedical Engineering an Introduction

Transcription

1 Biomedical Engineering an Introduction 1. Integrated Engineering focuses on Interdisciplinary Emerging Technologies Civil Electrical Nanotechnology Achmad Rizal BioSPIN (Biomedical Signal Processing & Instrumentation ) Institut Teknologi Telkom Mechatronics Mechanical Computer Software Chemical Biomedical ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 2 2. Definition of Biomedical Engineering* (1) Biomedical engineering is a discipline that advances knowledge in engineering, biology, medicine, and improves human health trough cross-disciplinary that integrate engineering sciences with the biology sciences and clinical practices. It includes: - the acquisition of knowledge and understanding of living system through innovative and substantive application experimental and analytical techniques based on engineering sciences - the development of new devices, algorithms, processes and system that advances biology and medicine and improves medical practice and healthcare delivery * Whitaker foundation ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 3 2. Definition of Biomedical Engineering* (2) Biomedical Engineering (BME) = Multidisciplinary field, that applies engineering & scientific methods & technology, to Solve Problems in Biology & Medicine To process medical information To assist medical procedures To improve the quality of life through improving Community Health Care (*)Soegijardjo Soegijoko,, BME-ITB ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 4 3. Some majors areas More specific Biomaterials Biomechanics Biosensors Medical imaging Molecular imaging Nanotechnology Telemedicine Tissue engineering Biosystem Biotransport Rehabilitation engineering Cellular engineering Clinical engineering Biostatistics Bioinformatics ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 5 ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 6 1

2 4. Medical Procedures 1.Data/information Collection 2. Data processing & analysis 3. Diagnosis 4. Therapy 5. Test (More symptom?) - Further actions/ Follow up t Yes (symp tom) Start 1 Data Collection 2 Process & Analysis 3 Diagnosis 4 Therapy 1, 5 Test Stop No ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 7 5. Medical Information Text (alphanumeric data), e.g. patient data Physiological Signal (bio-signals) e.g.: ECG, EMG, EEG signals Medical Images & biometrics: Static images, e.g.: X-ray X images; fingerprint, iris Dynamic images, e.g.: visual image of heart pumping action, lung respiratory action Sound & voice, e.g.: heart sound, voice of physician & patient Combination of the above mentioned information ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 8 6. Bioinstrumentation (1) Apply fundamental measurement sciences to biomedical instrumentation for measuring physiological variables that may originate molecular, cellular or systemic process May described by mechanical, electrical, chemical, optical or other event uses sensor and/or transducer sensor must be designed so that/to - minimized disturbance to measured variable and environment - comply with the requirement of the living system - maximize the SNR, achieve accuracy and repeatability Measured signal is usually fed into a signal processing algorithm for further conditioning and analysis ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 9 6. Bioinstrumentations in Dentistry (2) ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis Other Medical Instruments (3) 6. Biomedical Instrumentation (4) USG Hearing Aid Stethoscope ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 11 ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 12 2

3 7. Biomaterial (1) 7. Biomaterials in Dentistry (2) Application of engineering materials to the production of medical/biological/diagnostic product - design and development of new n w material often to replace failing biological organs/limbs Designing new materials that body will not reject. The material must be : - non toxic, noncarcicogenic,, chemically inert, stable and mechanically strong enough to withstand the repeated forces of a life time ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 13 ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis Biomaterial (3) Knee Joint Prosthesis Surgical operation: implant SS316L, Ti alloy or Co-Cr alloy ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 15 Artificial Heart* ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 16 *How stuffwork.com 8. Medical Imaging (1) Fiberoptic Endoscope Fundus camera PET To guide the surgery precisely USG X-Ray ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 17 ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 18 3

4 8. Some biomedical imaging equipments (3) 9. Biosignal/Biopotensial (1) Ultrasound X-ray for Mammography High Field MRI CAT Scan Open MRI Mobile MRI PET Scanner ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 19 Analysis biological data to uncover the nature of underlying physiological phenomena Signal processing Time series analysis Origins of signal variability Transform and statistical techniques Analysis of chaotic behavior of signal / fractal analysis ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis Biosignal Processing (2) 9. Biosignal Processing (3) Biomedical Signal Examples : Arterial Blood Pressure EEG ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis t ( sec.) Electrocardiogram (ECG) ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis Biomechanics (1) Study of composition, properties and interaction of biological tissues (such as bone, muscle, etc) and fluid (such as blood, inter/intracelluler intracelluler fluid, etc) Study of motion, material deformation, flow within the body and devices, transport of chemical constituent across biological and syntetic media Development of artificial heart, replacement heart valves, artificial organs, patient assistance devices, ergonomic design all fall within of realm of biomechanics biomechanics include both fluid mechanics and solid mechanic at molecular, cellular, macroscopic organ or system level ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis Biomechanic (2) Motorized Wheel Chair Remember Christopher Reeve? Gait Analysis ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 24 4

5 Gait analysis observational studies sequential photographs video recording dynamic electromyography force transducers, foot switches, electrogoniometers,, spotting systems specialized transducers: physical variable electrical signal digital signal. computer technology, to analyze data obtained from different sources; record & display digital signals as dependent variables of time on a graph with a common time axis. 3D studies ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis Clinical Engineering Application of technology in healthcare Clinical engineers typically work in hospital to assist doctors/nurses with their medical technology needs Managing diagnostic and laboratory equipment in hospital, interface different equipment with each other and/or with computer Determine equipment needs Search for and specify optimal equipment Train healthcare workers on equipment Perform maintenance and safety inspection ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis Cellular Engineering Design of quantitative biochemical & biophysical techniques and procedure for study & manipulation of cell function, such as Cell metabolism Inter & intra cellular signalling & regulation Biomolecular uptake & secretion Cellular migration, adhesion, proliferation Closely related to biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology Example : stem cell tech, cloning tech 13. Rehabilitation Engineering A new growing area in BME Expand capabilities and improves the quality of life individuals with physical impairment Design or modify new/old equipment for an individual, or a group of individual with specific disability ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 27 ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis Where do Biomedical Engineering Work In industry Design of new biomedical equipment, performnace testing for new or proposed equipment, service engineer, etc In government positions Product testing and safety, establishing safety standard for biomedical equipment dan system In hospital Provide advice on selection and use of biomedical equipment, supervise on medical device performance testing and maintenace In research institutions Supervise laboratories and equipment, participate in or direct research r activities with other researcher with such backgrounds such as engineering, medicine, nurse, biology etc In academia Academic research, training next generation biomedical/other engineer ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis BME Society American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE) Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineer (IEEE) in Medicine and Biology society International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE) SMBE Australia (Society( for Medical & Biomedical Engineering) BES (Biomedical( Engineering Singapore) IBES (Indonesian( Biomedical Engineering Society) since ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 30 5

6 References EMBS magazine Soegijardjo S, Lecture on BME, ITB Whitaker Foundation Edwin L. Dove, Medical Image Processing Lecture Notes, UIOWA Proceeding BME Day 2007 Webster, Medical Instrumentation ARL- EL Instrumentasi Biomedis 31 6