BIOLOGY/HUMAN BIOLOGY BY1
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1 andidate Name entre Number andidate Number 2 GE AS/A level 1071/01 BILGY/UMAN BILGY BY1 A.M. TUESDAY, 12 January hours For s use Question Maximum Mark Total 70 Mark Awarded W INSTRUTINS T ANDIDATES Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. INFRMATIN FR ANDIDATES The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question. You are reminded of the necessity for good English and orderly presentation in your answers. The quality of written communication will affect the awarding of marks. JD*(W )
2 2 1. Two types of nucleic acid, DNA and RNA are found in cells. Statements in the table, may apply to DNA, RNA or both. omplete the table by putting a tick ( ) if the statement is true or a cross ( ) if the statement is not true. [6] ontains a pentose sugar Found in the nucleus Thymine is never present onsists of a double helix Molecules short lived Associated with ribosomes DNA RNA (Total 6 marks) 2. The table below describes structural features and functions of some of the organelles found in eukaryotic cells. omplete the table. [6] rganelle Structural feature Function of feature Nucleus Golgi body Nucleolus Inner membrane folded into cristae Vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes ell lysis (Total 6 marks)
3 3 3. The diagram below shows a biosensor that uses the enzyme urease to measure urea in either the blood or urine. display amplifier transducer/electrode N 4 + ammonium ions molecules of other solutes immobilised urease partially permeable membrane urea molecules W (a) (i) Name one method that could be used to immobilise the urease. [1] (ii) State three advantages of using immobilised enzymes. [3] (b) (i) Describe the function of the partially permeable membrane in this biosensor. [2] (ii) With reference to the diagram, describe the role of this transducer. [2] Turn over.
4 4 (c) If the biosensor was used to test two blood samples, explain why the temperature of the two samples should be the same. [2] (d) Name a medical condition which a biosensor can detect. [1]... (Total 11 marks) 4. The drawing shows a simplified diagram of the cell cycle. The size of each segment indicates the relative length of each phase. prophase metaphase anaphase telophase interphase (a) (i) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the correct sequence of events in the cycle. [1] (ii) n the diagram add a segment to show the point at which cell division (cytokinesis) occurs. [1] (b) List four events that occur during interphase. [4]
5 5 (c) Name the stage of mitosis where each of the following occurs. (i) hromatids line up at the equator. [1] (ii) entromeres split. [1] (iii) Spindle fibres contract and shorten. [1] (iv) hromosomes are first visible as a pair of chromatids. [1] (v) Nuclear membrane reforms. [1] (Total 11 marks) W Turn over.
6 6 5. The diagram shows cells taken from the stem of a plant. ells A, B and are adjacent cells and the figures give the water potential Ψ of each cell. A = 400kPa B = 380kPa = 360kPa (a) (i) Draw arrows on the diagram to show the overall direction of water movement between these three cells. [1] (ii) Explain your answer in terms of water potential. [2] (b) The diagram below shows two plant cells, X and Y as seen through a microscope. The figures show the solute potential Ψs and the pressure potential Ψp for both cells and the water potential Ψ for cell Y. ell X ell Y Ψp = 1000kPa Ψs = 1800kPa Ψp = 0kPa Ψs = 1000kPa Ψ = 1000kPa Water relations in the cells are given by the following equation: Ψ cell = Ψs + Ψp
7 7 (i) alculate the water potential, Ψ, of cell X. Show your working. [2] (ii) State the name of the condition shown by cell Y and explain how this condition could have arisen. [3] (c) (i) ell X has the higher pressure potential Ψp. Explain how this pressure potential is built up in cell X. [3] W (ii) Suggest the effect on seedlings if all of their cells were in the condition as shown in cell Y. [1] (Total 12 marks) Turn over.
8 8 6. eteropolysaccharides consist of long chains of monosaccharides. Each monosaccharide is attached to a non-carbohydrate part. Bacterial cell walls are made from a heteropolysaccharide consisting of two different monosaccharides abbreviated to NAG and NAM. The linear polymer is made up of alternating NAG and NAM molecules, linked by glycosidic bonds. These chains are arranged in the same way as cellulose of plant cell walls. The glycosidic bonds can be broken by the enzyme lysozyme. 3 2 N N 2 N NAM NAG NAM (a) (i) Draw a circle around the part of one of the monosaccharide units that is noncarbohydrate. [1] (ii) n the diagram, draw an arrow labelled B to show a bond which could be broken by the enzyme lysozyme. [1] (iii) Name the type of reaction involved in the breaking of the bond. [1] (iv) Explain what is meant by the phrase arranged in the same way as the chains in cellulose. [3]
9 9 (b) The diagram shows a molecule of the enzyme lysozyme. 20 Asp Tyr Tyr Leu Ser Leu e Lys Met 10 2 N Leu Glu 1 Lys Val Val Ser 90 Thr lle Glu Val Asp 120 Trp lle ys ys Pne Lys ys S S Be Lys S S AspSer Ser Leu Leu 129 Leu S S Trp Val ys 30 Thr Lys ys 100 Ser Asp Asp Val Ser Pro 70 Leu Thr ys lle Pro 80 ys Ser Asp ys Trp Trp Ser 60 S S Asp Trp 110 Val Trp Met lle Lys Pho Glu Thr Thr Asp Sar Pho Thr 40 Glu Ser 50 lle Leu Gln Thr Asp Tyr (i) State the highest level of protein structure shown in the diagram. [1] (ii) Explain the importance of the S S linkages to the functioning of the enzyme. [3] Turn over.
10 10 (c) atalase is an enzyme which breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. ydrogen peroxide is a highly toxic waste product of metabolism. An investigation was carried out to determine the relative amounts of catalase in samples of potato, liver and apple. The samples were ground to a pulp and added to hydrogen peroxide in measuring cylinders. The table shows the height of the resulting bubbles in the cylinders. Sample Potato Liver Apple eight of bubbles / cm (i) State two variables that should be controlled during this investigation. [2] (ii) From the table, liver contains the most catalase. Suggest an explanation for this result. [2] (Total 14 marks)
11 11 7. Answer one of the following questions. Any diagrams included in your answer must be fully annotated. Either, (a) The cell (plasma) membrane consists of a number of parts. Describe the structure of the cell membrane and the functions of these parts. [10] r (b) Describe the structure and functions of lipids in plants and animals. [10] Turn over.
12 12
13 13 (Total 10 marks)
BIOLOGY/HUMAN BIOLOGY BY1
Candidate Name Centre Number Candidate Number 2 GCE AS/A level 1071/01 New AS BIOLOGY/HUMAN BIOLOGY BY1 P.M. MONDAY, 1 June 2009 1 1 2 hours For Examiner s use Question Maximum Mark Mark Awarded 1 8 2
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DNA - The Double Helix Recall that the nucleus is a small spherical, dense body in a cell. It is often called the "control center" because it controls all the activities of the cell including cell reproduction,