Central Dogma. 1. Human genetic material is represented in the diagram below.

Transcription

1 Central Dogma 1. Human genetic material is represented in the diagram below. 4. If 15% of a DNA sample is made up of thymine, T, what percentage of the sample is made up of cytosine, C? A) 15% B) 35% C) 70% D) 85% 5. Base your answer to the following question on The parts of a DNA nucleotide are indicated in the chart below by letters A, B, and C, An X indicates which chemical elements are present in each part. The region labeled A is made up of a section of A) a protein that becomes an enzyme B) DNA that may direct protein synthesis C) a carbohydrate made from amino acids D) glucose that may be copied to make DNA 2. Changing one base in a gene could have the most direct effect on the A) function of the membrane of a cell B) sequence of building blocks of a protein found in a cell C) number of mitochondria in a cell D) type of carbohydrates synthesized by a cell 3. The diagram below represents a portion DNA molecule. Which diagram best represents a DNA nucleotide. A) B) C) D) 6. What do the letters A, G, C, and T represent in nucleotides? A) phosphate groups B) deoxyribose sugars C) nitrogenous bases D) ribose sugars 7. Which is the sugar component of a DNA nucleotide? A) adenine B) deoxyribose C) glucose D) phosphate 8. Genes involved in the production of abnormal red blood cells have an abnormal sequence of A) ATP molecules B) amino acids C) sugars D) bases The letters represent different types of A) sugar molecules B) molecular bases C) enzymes D) proteins

2 9. Base your answer to the following question on In the diagram below, strands I and II represent portions of a DNA molecule. Strand II would normally include A) AGC B) TCG C) TAC D) GAT

3 10. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which represents a portion of a double-stranded DNA molecule and on your knowledge of biology. 12. Base your answer to the following question on What is the complementary messenger-rna sequence for the DNA sequence shown below? A) C-A-A-G-G-U B) G-T-T-C-C-A C) G-U-U-C-C-A D) C-A-A-G-G-T Which process takes place before mitosis occurs in a cell containing this DNA? A) Hydrogen bonds at 6 break and one double-stranded DNA molecule results. B) Hydrogen bonds at 5 break and two double-stranded DNA molecules are synthesized. C) Covalent bonds at 2 and 6 break and one double-stranded DNA molecule results. D) Covalent bonds at 4 break and two double-stranded DNA molecules are synthesized. 11. During the replication of a DNA molecule, separation or "unzipping" of the DNA molecule will normally occur when hydrogen bonds are broken between what two nucleobases? A) thymine and thymine B) guanine and uracil C) adenine and cytosine D) cytosine and guanine

4 13. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below of a biochemical process and on your knowledge of biology. Which amino acid would be transferred to the position of codon CAC? A) leucine B) glycine C) valine D) histidine 14. The core of a virus may contain either DNA or RNA. To identify which nucleic acid is present, a biochemist could chemically analyze the virus for the presence of A) guanine B) ribose C) cytosine D) phosphate 15. The structure of messenger RNA is determined by the structure of A) PGAL B) ATP C) DNA D) ADP 16. Two types of RNA molecules are A) uracil and adenine B) messenger RNA and transfer RNA C) cytosine and thymine D) transfer RNA and translocation RNA 17. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents some components involved in cellular protein synthesis, and on your knowledge of Biology. Molecules C, D, and E will combine to form part of A) a polypeptide B) a polysaccharide C) DNA D) RNA

5 18. Amino acid molecules are bonded together in a specific sequence on cell structures known as A) ribosomes B) vacuoles C) mitochondria D) centromeres 19. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below of a biochemical process that occurs within cells and on your knowledge of biology. 23. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The process represented in the diagram is A) lipid digestion B) cell respiration C) protein synthesis D) protein hydrolysis Base your answers to questions 20 through 22 on the diagram below which represents protein synthesis within a cell and on your knowledge of biology. Number 4 represents a A) gene B) nucleotide C) codon D) sugar 24. The genetic code for one amino acid molecule consists of A) five sugar molecules B) two phosphates C) three nucleotides D) four hydrogen bonds 20. Which letter indicates the building blocks of a protein? A) E B) B C) G D) D 21. Which letter indicates part of a polypeptide chain? A) A B) E C) F D) G 22. Which letter indicates the site of protein synthesis? A) G B) H C) C D) D