DNA. translation. base pairing rules for DNA Replication. thymine. cytosine. amino acids. The building blocks of proteins are?

Transcription

1 2 strands, has the 5-carbon sugar deoxyribose, and has the nitrogen base Thymine. The actual process of assembling the proteins on the ribosome is called? DNA translation Adenine pairs with Thymine, Thymine pairs with Adenine, Guanine pairs with Cytosine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine Adenine pairs with Uracil, Thymine pairs with Adenine, Guanine pairs with Cytosine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine base pairing rules for DNA Replication base pairing rules for Transcription (mrna synthesis) Adenine pairs with Uracil, Uracil pairs with Adenine, Guanine pairs with Cytosine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine base pairing rules for Translation (protein synthesis) Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of adenine equals the percentage of? Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of guanine equals the percentage of? The building blocks of proteins are? A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA at even one location. thymine cytosine amino acids mutation Contains the nitrogenous base uracil, is sometimes single-stranded, contains a different sugar molecule. Carries the instructions for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the cytoplasm RNA

2 Due to the strict pairing of nitrogenous base pairs in DNA molecules, the two strands are said to be to each other. complementary During DNA replication, what must occur before the two strands of a DNA molecule can separate? During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of The enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA template bases to form a complementary strand of DNA are The hydrogen bonds between the base pairs must be broken, and the molecule must unwind. codon on the mrna and the anticodon on the trna. DNA DNA polymerases. From which molecules are mrna molecules transcribed? How can there be 64 codons from 20 amino acids? How does DNA differ from person to person? How do proteins differ from person to person? In eukaryotes, where is DNA located? DNA Several different codons can specify the same amino acid. The nucleotide sequence The amino acid sequence nucleus

3 In eukaryotes, where is RNA located? The information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA is used to make protein during the process of In order for protein synthesis to occur, mrna must migrate to nucleus and cytoplasm translation ribosomes Name the three types of RNA Nitrogen bases with one ring of carbon; Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA Pyrimidines Nitrogen bases with two rings of carbon; Adenine and Guanine Purines Nucleotide sequences of trna that are complementary to three consecutive nucleotides on an mrna molecule. Nucleotide triplet in mrna that specifies a particular amino acid anticodons codon The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of in proteins. The point at which the double helix separates amino acids replication fork

4 The process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a mrna Process which results in two DNA molecules, each with one new strand and one original strand. A protein is being assembled when The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA transcription replication RNA is being translated. Watson and Crick. The segment of DNA that provides the code for the formation of a protein is called a? Type of pairing which links nitrogen containing bases like A, G, T, C, and U gene Complementary base pairing Weak bonds that hold the two complimentary strands of DNA together, but also allow the DNA to separate and replicate. Hydrogen What are the four nitrogen bases found in RNA? What are the four nitrogen bases in DNA? What are the replication base pairing rules? Uracil, Adenine, Guanine, and Cytosine Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, and Cytosine A-T (apples in the tree) and C-G (cars in the garage)

5 What are the transcription base pairing rules? What are the translation base pairing rules? What carries the amino acid to the ribosome to ensure the correct order for the protein? What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the effort to identify the structure of DNA? What do mrna codons specify? What effect would the deletion of a DNA nucleotide have on translation? A-U, T-A, C-G, G-C A-U and G-C trna x-ray diffraction photos of the DNA molecule amino acids The sequence of the amino acids that follows after the deletion might change. What is the name of the enzyme responsible for unzipping the strands of DNA in DNA replication called? What is the primary function of DNA in cells? What is the spiral structure of the two strands of DNA commonly called? Helicase to store information that tells the cells which proteins to make double helix What type of bonds hold the two strands of DNA together? hydrogen bonds

6 What would happen to a codon if a single DNA nucleotide were deleted? Where does transcription occur? Where does translation occur? Which molecules are involved in protein synthesis? Which nitrogen base takes the place of Thymine in RNA? Which nucleotide indicates a nucleic acid is RNA? Within a cell, where does translation take place? The base sequence of the codon might change. in the nucleus In the cytoplasm on the ribosomes messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA Uracil uracil On ribosomes in the cytoplasm.