Continuous Engineering of Information and Communication Infrastructures. Herbert Weber

Transcription

1 Info-Folie Titel: Continuous Engineering of Information and Communication Infrastructures Referent: Herbert Weber Bemerkungen: March 1998 Filename: Continuous Engineering of Information and Communication Infrastructures Herbert Weber e for Software and Systems Engineering March 1998

2 Content Information and Communication Infrastructures: Propositions and Statements Proposition 0 on trends and perspectives in business data processing Proposition 1 Information and Communication Systems as an infra structure Proposition 2 Information and Communication Infrastructures as a moving target Content Information and Communication Infrastructures: Propositions and Statements Proposition 3 Reference framework for Information and Communication Infrastructures Proposition 4 Information and Communication Infrastructures as Software Infrastructures

3 Content Information and Communication Infrastructures: Propositions and Statements Continuous Engineering of Information and Communication Infrastructures The Business Perspective The Systems s Perspective The Engineering Perspective Cost/Benefit Continuous Software Engineering Processes Continuous Software Engineering Software Infrastructure Characteristics Software Infrastructure Engineereing Continuous Software Engineering Life Cycle Information and Communication Infrastructure Information and Communication Information and Infrastructure Communication Infrastructure

4 What is an Infrastructure? A substructure or (an) underlying foundation esp. the basic installations and facilities on which the continuance and growth of a community, state etc. depends (Webster s New World Dictionary Third College Edition 1991). Proposition O Radical changes are taking place in the way information and communication affects people, businesses and public organisations.

5 New Business Challenges Global Markets/Global Sourcing of Products and Services Time to Market/Shortened Life Cycles for Products and Services Advances in Technology/Advanced Infrastructures for Improved Business Processes Advances in Technology/Advanced Infrastructures Local and Global Communication Capabilities Locally and Globally Accessible Computing Resources Locally and Globally Accessible Information Sources

6 Advances in Technology/Advanced Infrastructures Broad Spectrum of Computer Capabilities from ASICS to Mainframes Broad Spectrum of Software Capabilities from Games to Complex Business Solutions Broad Spectrum of Integration Capabilities from Graphical User Interfaces to Complex Middleware Systems Advances in Technology/Advanced Infrastructure Globally accepted communication standards as TCP/IP, EUROISDN, http, X.400, X.500 Globally accepted software standards like SQL, HTML, Java

7 Advances in Technology/Advanced Infrastructures Higher Storage Capacity Higher Computational Performance Higher Transmission Rates The World of Change Re-Vitalization of IS-Solutions Down Sizing/Right Sizing Re-Invention of IS-Solutions Business Process Re-Engineering Renovation of IS-Solutions Software Re-Engineering Flexibilization of IS-Solutions Software Components Flexibilization of Business Processes Adaptive Process Management

8 The World of Innovation Advances in Business Communication Intranet/Extranet Advances in Electronic Commerce Point of Information/Sale/Service Advances in Online Information Services Metabases, Search Engines, Agents Advances in Production Technology Robots, Monitoring and Control, Logistics Intelligent Products Cars, Buildings, Airplanes Proposition 1 Information and Communication Systems assume the role of an infrastructure.

9 Information and Communication Infrastructure for ecommerce Consumer-to-Business Services Business partner 1 WWW Kiosk Service Provider Internet/ Intranet Service and Content Integration Internet/ Extranet Product catalogue Internet/ Extranet Business-TV *** Mobile Frontends CD-ROM * * * Service Portfolio Business-to-Business Services Business partner n Product catalogue TELIS System Model Customer POI/POS Service request and provision System status information Update of service offers Network Art Designer Service Provider System Operator Negotiation of the presentation of services Media- Workplace Service- Center Administration Center

10 ADIA/Adecco Job Shop Infrastructure 150 Job Shops Provider Administration Center WAN Branch Office 50 Locations WWW WAN Headquarter, Hamburg Service Center, Central Disposition Branch Office TELIS Reference Model Customer Employee Employee Designer POI/ POS Service request/ Service provision Processing of services Service center Coordination of presentation Agency Presen tation Commu nication Data Application and Backoffice Service data Backoffice Presentation environ environ operational data ment ment Multimedia design environ ment Data transmission Video conference Data transmission Video conference

11 The SAP 3/R Information and Communication Infrastructure PP QM MM PM SD R/3- Client/Server ABAP/4 HR FI CO WF IS AM PS FI CO AM PS WF IS HR PM QM PP MM SD Finance Controlling Facility Management Project Management Workflow Branch Solutions Personnal Maintenance Quality Management Production Planning Materials Management Sales What are Information and Communication Infrastructures? From a Business Point of View: Integrated Commercial Application Systems (e.g. SAP, BAAN, etc.) Disposition, Decision Support Systems, Executive Information Systems Office Communication, Word Processing, Desk Top Publishing Systems, and Document Management Systems Routing and Guidance Systems E-Commerce Systems Information Storage and Retrieval Systems Communication Systems Integrated Manufacturing Systems Engineering Tools and Support Systems Monitoring and Control Systems etc.

12 What are Information and Communication Infrastructures? From a Systems Point of View: Application Systems User Interface Systems Operating Systems Database Management Systems Communication Systems Tools and Utilities What are Information and Communication Infrastructures? From an Engineering Point of View: Gradually Developed through Integration of Independently Developed Subsystems around a Common Base

13 Information and Communication Infrastructures SS 3 SS 2 SS 1 Common Base SS 12 SS 11 SS 10 SS 4 SS 5 SS 6 SS 7 SS 8 SS 9 SS k Subsystem k Properties of Information and Communication Infrastructures From a Business Point of View: Information and Communication Infrastructures represent substantial investments. Their planning, development, maintenance and use is governed to ensure the protection of the investment. They hence become long living.

14 Properties of Information and Communication Infrastructures From a Functional Point of View: Providing Interworking as the co-ordinated computer supported communication of people Providing Interoperation as the co-ordinated communication between software systems Providing Interconnection as the co-ordinated communication between computers Properties of Information and Communication Infrastructures From a Systems Point of View: Providing Presentation Integration over a Common (Graphical) User Interface Providing Process Integration over a Common Business Process Model Providing Data Integration over a Common Data Repository Providing Control Integration over a Common Communication System

15 Properties of Information and Communication Infrastructures From an Engineering Point of View: Information and Communication Infrastructures are built through the amalgamation/integration of autonomeous subsystems They can only be changed gradually through the replacement/integration of subsystems Properties on Information and Communication Infrastructures From an Engineering Point of View Information and Communication Infrastructures represent a number of base systems to enable the interconnection of computers, the interoperation of systems and the interworking of people represent a (temporarily) invariant framework of (standard) platforms, interfaces and protocols with slots for the attachment of components and systems as functional units (e.g. a software bus like a ORB)

16 Proposition 2 Information and Communication Infrastructures are a moving target Continuous Change Business Re-engineering Business Engineering R/3 Reference Model Change Management Operational System R/3- Client/Server ABAP/4 Business Model Deployment Customizing Customized System

17 Continuous Software Engingeering Continuous Continuous Software Engingeering Software Engingeering Continuous Engineering: The Driving Forces Business Process Management Cost Running Standard Reduction Systems Systems Technology Changes

18 Continuous Engineering: Business Perspective To keep Information and Communication Infrastructures adequate with respect to their business function up-to-date with respect to their technology base reliable for their continuous functioning robust against their unintended use Continuous Engineering: Business Perspective To improve Information and Communication Infrastructures with respect to functionality improving existing functionalities to better satisfy user demands costs reducing costs through changes in hardware and communication technology, through software replacements (e.g. with standard products), through changed use patterns, through changed load patterns, etc. quality increasing reliability, dependability, availabilty, etc. performance increasing throughout, reducing response times, increasing transmission rates, etc

19 Continuous Engineering: Business Perspective To expand Information and Communication Infrastructures to support expanded business relationships for virtual enterprizes (e.g. expanded networking) serve more users (e.g. additional access capabilities) serve new users (e.g. new functionalities) serve users better (e.g. additional functionalities) Continuous Engineering: Business Perspective To reorganize Information and Communication Infrastructures to live up to business reorganizations

20 Continuous Engineering increase in effort to reorganize to enlarge to improve to keep increase in ambition Continuous Engineering: Systems Perspective Changes to Software Infrastructures through changes of user interfaces/user dialogs functional building blocks data management functions communication capabilities

21 Continuous Engineering: Engineering Perspective Planning Change to avoid expensive trouble shooting Enabling Change through proper managerial and technical provisions Goal Directed Change to meet business and technical requirements Controlling Change to enable continuous functioning eg. modification on the fly Continuous Engineering Conjecture Conflicting Objectives

22 Proposition 3 The engineering of an Information and Communication Infrastructure depends on the existence of a proper reference framework. ESF CoRe - Enterprise Context Organisation Suppliers (People) Support Environment (Machines) Customers Enterprise

23 ESF Conceptual Reference Model (ESF CoRe) InterWorking InterAction InterAction System System output InterOperation input InterFunction InterFunction InterConnection Proposition 4 Information and Communication Infrastructures are software determined hence Information and Communication Infrastructures are essentially software infrastructures

24 Software Infrastructure Engineering built by providing the glue (e.g. a framework) for the integration of existing/newly developed subsystems by integrating existing/newly developed subsystems (e.g. a posteriori integration) maintained through the removal of bugs and defects through the porting to new operating environments Software Infrastructure Engineering changed through the adaption of subsystems and components to new requirements through the re(vers)engineering of subsystems through change of its architecture within the limits of architecture invariants renovated through partial removals, renewals of subsystems and components through changes of its architecture invariants and its migration to a renewed architecture

25 Software Infrastructure Engineering renovate change build maintain Software Infrastructure Engineering build maintain change renovate

26 Continuous Software Engineering/Life Cycle RE-ENGINEERING R E V E R S E Specification and Models Reverse-Specification Architectures and Designs Reverse-Construction Code Re-Specification Re-Design Re-Programming Specification and Models Construction Architectures and Designs Programming Code F O R W A R D Running Software Software Infrastructures Characteristics Hardware Heterogeneity Software Infrastructures run on a number of different but interconnected computing devices. Platform Heterogeneity Software Infrastructures encompass a number of different - but communicating - software platforms like operating systems, middelware systems, etc. Datamanagement Heterogeneity Software Infrastructures encompass a number of different - but interoperating - datamanagement systems.

27 Software Infrastructures Characteristics Programming Heterogeneity Software Infrastructures are built of subsystems programmed in different programming languages. Tool Heterogeneity Software Infrastructures are built with the aid of different - only seldomly interoperating - tools and development environments. Software Infrastructure: Objects of Interest Models and Spezifications V 1 " V 2 " V 3 "... Documentation Architectures and Designs Code V 1 V 1 V 2 V 2 V 3 V in Versions and Variants Tools and Environments Running Systems

28 Continuous Software Engineering: Objects of Interest Specifications and Models Information models, process models, functional models, dialog models etc. and mappings onto Architectures and Designs Components, subsystems, systems interfaces, platforms, protocols, static structures, dynamic structures and mappings onto Code Control flow, data flow, side effects, data dependencies etc. and mappings onto an Operating Environment Continuous Software Engineering: Tasks Reverse Engineering: Understanding Systems (Analyses) Code Analyses: Code alignment e.g. removal of dead code etc. Reverse Construction: Extracting designs and architectures from available programs Reverse Specification: Extracting specifications and models from available code and designs/architectures

29 Continuous Software Engineering: Tasks Foreward Engineering: Building Systems (Synthesis) Specification: Developing models based on domain competence Construction: Developing designs/architectures based on specifications and models Programming: Developing programs based on specifications/models and designs/architectures Continuous Software Engineering: Tasks Re-Engineering: Modifying Systems Re-Programming: Defining changes and change processes for programs to meet new requirements Re-Design: Defining changes and chage processes for designs/ architectures to meet new requirements Re-Specification: Defining changes and change processes for specifications and models

30 Continuous Software Engineering: Support Change Management providing for the proper processes of change in their building, maintaining, change and renovation Configuration Management providing for the proper management of variants and versions System Management providing for the proper management of its operation Continuous Software Engineering Build-Approaches interworking integration integration of process fragments integration of process engines interoperation integrationdata integration data base integration transactional integration web-based integration move-based integration??? etc. interconnection integration standard protocols for open networks integration of standard and proprietary networks integrated services

31 Continuous Software Engineering Maintenance Approaches huge number, not to be named here Continuous Software Engineering Change Approaches Program Analysis and Restructuring»GUI-fiction«(face lifting)

32 Continuous Software Engineering Renovation Approaches»Objectification«of monolithic systems middleware driven re-structuring process driven architectures Continuous Software Engineering Renovation Approaches Complete Renovation Incremental Renovation Continuous Renovation

33 Continuous Software Engineering: Issues Continuous Engineering versus Maintenance, Change Management, Evolution, Migration, Porting, etc. Terminology, Glossary Principles, Fundamentals Methods and Tools Lessons learned from the Y2k and Euro projects Industrial Demands/Industrial Acceptance Costs/Benefits building, maintenance, change, renovation approaches Continuous Engineering: Cost/Benefit Cost/Benefit in Business Process Adaption versus Information and Communication Infrastructure Adaption

34 Continuous Engineering: Costs Building Costs Maintenance Costs Change Costs Renovation Costs Operating Costs Continuous Engineering: Benefit Personal Productivity Infrastructure Productivity