A particular angle of a two dimensional view of heart that shows usually shows all four heart chambers.

Transcription

1 TCP J A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X/Y Z This glossary is included in Online Help. A A2C (apical 2-chamber view) A particular angle of a two dimensional view of heart that shows usually show the left ventricle and left atrium. A4C (apical 4-chamber view) A particular angle of a two dimensional view of heart that shows usually shows all four heart chambers. ABN (Advance Beneficiary Notice) A written notice that a physician or supplier gives to a Medicare beneficiary. The purpose of the ABN is to inform a beneficiary before receiving specified items or services that Medicare may not pay for them. The ABN allows the beneficiary to make an informed consumer decision whether or not to receive the items or services. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) mandated the use of the ABN form. ACR (America College of Radiology) A professional organization of radiologists, radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and related professionals to advance the science of radiology, improve radiologic services to patients, study the socioeconomic aspects of the practice of radiology, and encourage continuing education. Active Directory (AD) A Microsoft Windows hierarchical directory service that stores and retrieves data. Unity uses Active Directory in managing user accounts, user groups, computers, software applications, and other objects in the domain. Each Unity system supplied by Merge Healthcare has its own domain with its own Active Directory. Sites typically have one or more other Active Directories for managing non-unity systems. active/inactive filter [Unity feature] A feature to define records as active or inactive. This allows staff to filter the list on the tab to include or exclude inactive exams. ADT (Admission, Discharge, and Transfer) An interface used in exchanging information to and from external systems and PACS data to synchronize new or updated registration, admission, discharge, transfer, and visit information. Page 1 of 35

2 advanced text search [Unity RIS feature] Improves the way you enter search criteria to find matching records. You can enter text in a variety of search strings. adverse reaction A patient pathological condition as a result of ingesting or of being exposed to a chemical substance that was properly administered or taken. AGS (Application Gateway Server) [Unity product] Server that supports local and remote workstations that allows system administrators to download and maintain their Unity applications over the web. Ambassador [Unity product] A display workstation for clinical review. Also see Media Ambassador Workstation and Web Ambassador. Ambassador DC [Unity product, previously called CSLA (Customer-supplied LAN Ambassador)] Softwareonly product available for facilities with existing PCs used for clinical applications. Provides the same features as an Ambassador MD workstation supplied by Merge Healthcare. Ambassador I+ [Unity product] Uses the AGS to provide clinical review workstations over the Internet or an intranet. annotation token In user configurable annotations, sets the annotation name and description. annotations user configurable [Unity product] User interface for selecting which annotations are displayed and where the annotations are displayed. anonymization A process that removes all personal identification from exams, to allow distributing a patient's exam to others without divulging the identity or compromising the privacy of the patient or others involved in the exam. annotations added to target tools stay where placed [Unity PACS feature] Placing an annotation outside the 3D tool remains where placed. Placing an annotation inside the target adds the target and arrow annotations to the comparison images. Application Synchronization standalone RIS [Unity product] Unity RIS provides front-end application integration for software products from different vendors. Current users, patients, and exam contexts can be shared among multiple applications to improve efficiencies in the HIT (Healthcare Information Technology) system. Unity can operate in the following modes: Unity drives third-party products. Third-party products drive Unity. All products can drive each other. Page 2 of 35

3 appointment A Merge Scheduler activity performed in by a clinical scheduling resource who confirms the patient to visit a facility on a specific day at a specific time to have specified procedures performed that were ordered by referring physicians. appointment resources In DR Scheduler, a resource that must be available to successfully complete an appointment, for example: Facility, Modality, Procedure, Suite, Staff Type, and Staff Member, and Equipment. archives Unity uses archives to refer to long-term storage of data. For example, copying data from Guardian archives to Centera, Disk-Array, or a DICOM archive device. Guardians are also used to restore data from archive devices. auto-import [Unity PACS feature] Allows exams to be moved online automatically. The preconfigured criteria determine when an exam is fully received and ready for import. Auto Labeler [Unity PACS feature] Reading physicians can record and store annotation data and move a table of new and old exam measurements into a report. A standardized lexicon can be applied to many types of measurements. Use this feature for efficient reporting of serial oncology exams or vascular exams. auto-retry [Unity PACS feature] If an exam is locked for editing, auto-retry can be configured to retry importing the exam. You can customize the frequency of retries and the time between retries. auto-revert [Unity PACS feature] If additional images arrive at a DICOM Gateway that match an unlocked and unread online exam, auto-revert adds the additional images. Automatic Faxing [Unity product] A distribution component option to Instant Reporter for automatically faxing information to referring doctors. automatic transmission of reports and lay letters to EHRs and PHRs [Unity RIS feature] Unity can automatically transmit clinical reports and breast imaging lay letters to: EHRs (electronic health records) for health providers. PHRs (patient health records) for patients to view through a patient portal, such as Health Companion. Automation [Unity product] A software module that runs on the same server as the HL7 Gateway. If a site does not have HL7 Gateway, it runs on the Messenger server. Automation completes the following tasks: Purges exams and reports. Periodically purges Online and Scheduled exams and reports that exceed their purge dates, if the remaining disk space on the Central Server drops below the configured minimum percentage. Sends reports. Performs sending and automatic resending of reports to ReportGate. Page 3 of 35

4 Sends requests. Sends requests to ResultsOut, Fax Server, and print formatters. Monitors the notification queue. This queue contains status information from ResultsOut, Fax Server, and print formatters. B backup Unity uses backing up to refer to temporarily copying data for short-term storage. For example, copying Instant Reporter data to a workstation hard disk where it is retained for a configurable amount of time (typically 21 days) is a backup. bicubic interpolation An image resizing method in which the new pixels in a magnified image are computed using a two-dimensional cubic interpolation algorithm. With this algorithm, a 4x4 array of neighboring pixel values is used to calculate the interpolated value. This method offers excellent results but is computationally complex, resulting in considerably slower image rendering times. bilinear interpolation Improves the appearance of small images if they are magnified and appear blocky or pixilated. This is an image resizing method in which the "new pixels" in a magnified image are computed using a two-dimensional linear interpolation algorithm. With this algorithm, a 2x2 array of neighboring pixel values is used to calculate the interpolated value. This method offers very good results while being only slightly slower than pixel replication. Billing out [Unity product] Sends all related billing information to a third-party billing company, including: Charge information, insurance type, insurance plan, employer information, and payments. billing system A computer-based billing communications system that stores and retrieves patient billing specific data for financial billing purposes. biopsy breast exam Pathology report of breast biopsy results associated with a screening or diagnostic breast exam. BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) A method used by radiologists to interpret and report in a standardized manner the results of mammography, ultrasound, and MRI used in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. This system is a quality assurance tool designed to standardize mammographic reporting, reduce confusion in breast imaging interpretations, and facilitate outcome monitoring. The American College of Radiology (ACR) is the copyright owner, with cooperation from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration, the American Medical Association, the American College of Surgeons, and the College of American Pathologists. blank disc In the Guardian program, a blank DVD-RAM disc has no files. In some cases, a blank disc may have a file system, and may have been processed with a full certification format. Page 4 of 35

5 blocking Also called masking. An activity performed in the Merge Scheduler application by a clinical scheduling resource, or a leadership person, that prevents appointment candidates during that specified time period. body In Instant Reporter, the audio recording for the portion of the report in which the findings are described, but not the conclusion or impression. The body of the report is typically available only to radiologists, other reading physicians, and transcriptionists, and is not distributed to referring doctors and staff. Bookview The Merge Scheduler Bookview shows the bookings/appointments for one or more suites on a given day and time period. From the Bookview, users can review a suite schedule for a specific day, manually book appointments, or double-book appointments. browser-based viewer An Internet browser to view medical images and reports. For example, Internet Explorer. burned-in annotations Annotations that are present in the pixels of an image and are part of an image. The DICOM tag Burned In Annotations (0028,0301) indicates whether an image has sufficient burned-in annotations to identify the patient and the date that the image was acquired. C cache A directory on the computer's hard drive where the system stores exams that have been accessed over the Internet or a network. By storing exams on a local drive, the system can quickly display images, rather than trying to access them over a slow network connection. CAD (Computer Aided Detection) The process of running computational algorithms to detect and analyze abnormalities such as lesions and calcifications in a medical image, without human intervention. The input to CAD processing is a set of study images, and the output is typically a Structured Report containing detections and analyses. cancellation An activity performed in the Merge Scheduler, or Bookings tab of the Universal Manager, by a clinical resource that specifies the status of a future appointment as cancelled. This opens the appointment slot for other scheduling needs. Catapult Technologist QC Workstation [Unity product] A technologist quality control workstation that provides advanced image processing; image importing with advanced image processing, 3D modeling reconstruction in color, volume rendering, and volume measurement. CC (cranio caudal) A view position that is from above. CD Ambassador See Media Ambassador Workstation. Page 5 of 35

6 Centera An EMC data storage product that provides high reliability, high data integrity, much greater expandability, and significantly lower management costs compared to NAS and SAN. Centera Guardian Workstation [Unity product] Stores long-term exam and report archives on a Centera storage device. For additional data security, the Centera may be configured to replicate its data to another geographically remote Centera. Centera Guardian with Disk Array [Unity product] Archives exams and reports to a single remote Centera and maintains a copy of local repository archives on a local SAN or NAS device. Charge Capture and Billing Interface [Unity product] Collects costs for billing as they occur. Captures diagnosis codes, service codes, and supply codes. Associates a billed status with the exam to prevent doublebilling. cine Image viewing tool to display multiframe images or images in a series in sequence as a loop and plays the loop continuously. This allows reading physicians to view the images in motion. cine options [Unity CVIS feature] Shortcut menu that provides playback options applicable to multiframe images only. For example, 'Cine All' initiates playback for all displayed multiframe images. The menu also provides controls to select stage or view mode display layouts for stress echo studies. These controls provide the same functions as the keyboard options G (stage mode) and Y (view mode) when viewing a stress echo study. clerical staff Clerical staff include front-desk staff, back-office staff. Front-desk staff assist incoming patients, answer phone calls, and set appointments. Back-office staff need a working knowledge of billing systems, government regulations, and third-party payer requirements. Client ID A software program identifier for creating multiple station definitions on the same computer. client/server Software architecture term. The client runs locally and provides a user-interface while communicating with the server. color LUT (Lookup Table) A table that maps grayscale pixel values to color pixel values, used to artificially map a grayscale image to arbitrary color values. Communicator [Unity product] An Internet server that allows intranet or Internet access, enabling adherence to HIPAA guidelines to protect patient confidentiality. comparison exams Prior exams identified by Unity as like the primary exam to show differences over time. Page 6 of 35

7 compression A method to reduce data volume by encoding it in a more efficient manner. Compression may be lossless or lossy. compression ratio The ratio of the number of bits in an original image compared to that in a compressed version of the image. For example, a compression ratio of 2:1 would correspond to a compressed image with one-half the number of bits of the original. conclusion In Instant Reporter, the audio recording that includes the conclusion or impression of a report. Typically, this recording is available to radiologists, other referring doctors, transcriptionists, and is often distributed via the Internet to referring doctors. co-pay (co-payment) A provision in an insurance policy that requires a policyholder to pay a specified amount to a healthcare provider for each visit or medical service received. CPT codes (Current Procedural Terminology) A set of exam codes used by medical facilities. Each code represents a specific medical procedure. The American Medical Association (AMA) publishes current procedure and service codes annually. Also see exam code. CR (computerized radiography) exam A DICOM acronym for acquiring images of patients using a phosphor plate, typically read by a CR-reader for image conversion. Critical Results A method for defining and tracking critical tests and results to continuously improve the quality and timeliness of reporting results to referring physicians. CSLA (Customer-Supplied LAN Ambassador) See DC (Direct Connect) Series. CT (computerized tomography) A DICOM acronym for acquiring axial images of patients by rotating an X-ray and detector. CTA (Computed Tomographic Angiography) A modality that combines the use of x-rays with computerized analysis of the images. It passes beams of x-rays through the body from several different angles to create crosssectional images, which are assembled by computer into a three-dimensional picture. CVIS (Cardiovascular Information System) [Unity product] Reading tools and RIS features for cardiologists. D Database Data Mapping [Unity feature] Fields in templates, such as ExamForms, that insert information from the Unity database into the body of clinical reports. Page 7 of 35

8 database source Allows you to select another server or access exams and images from a removable media, such as USB disk, DVD or CD-ROM, or USB flash drive. DBArchive [Unity product] A module that backs up the PACS database on the server and backs up reports. DC (Direct Connect) Series [Unity product] Provides Unity software for installation on user workstations. Requires connection to the PACS Server. This product series was previously called CS Series. Products include: Technologist QC (Quality Control) Workstation Catapult DC Diagnostic Reading Station Dominator DC Clinical Review Workstation Ambassador DC Dictation Report Review DC Transcription DC Dedicated Database Server [Unity product] Improves performance of large databases for sites that need to store 300,000 or more online exams by providing a server dedicated to database functions only. default An option that is selected automatically unless an alternative is specified. DFT (Detailed Financial Transaction) An HL7 message sent through ResultsOut that describes a financial transaction to the billing system. diagnostic breast exam Mammography exam for patients with clinical signs or symptoms of cancer. It can also be further evaluation for an abnormal screening exam. A diagnostic exam cannot result in an A0 assessment. diastole The heart is in a period of relaxation and dilatation (expansion). DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) The industry standard for transfer of radiologic images and other medical information between computers. DICOM enables digital communication between diagnostic and therapeutic equipment and systems from various manufacturers. DICOM Auto-Route A DICOM standard to automatically forward images to a third-party DICOM destination. DICOM Frame of Reference UID A DICOM identifier that uniquely identifies a frame of reference for a series. Each series has at most a single Frame of Reference UID. However, multiple series within an exam may share a Frame of Reference UID. All images in a series that share the same Frame of Reference UID are spatially related to each other. Page 8 of 35

9 DICOM Gateway [Unity product] A system provided by Merge Healthcare as the primary DICOM SCP (Service Class Provider) subsystem, which supports multiple service classes. DICOM Grayscale Presentation States A DICOM standard for saving how an image is presented. When a reading physician applies image edits such as window/level, this information can be saved in a standardized format. DICOM Guardian [Unity product] Supports the secure storing of exams to a DICOM storage device, using standard DICOM interfaces. To support exam retrieval, the database stores a list of exam components in the archive. DICOM Image Orientation (patient) A DICOM standard for the direction of the displayed image with respect to the patient. DICOM Modality Performed Procedure Step (MPPS) A DICOM standard for receiving additional DICOM information provided by a modality, to ensure that the RIS/PACS does not import an exam before receiving the complete series of images. DICOM Modality Worklist A DICOM service that enables Worklist items to be entered directly into the Unity RIS/PACS or received via HL7. An installation can choose to have one or multiple Modality Worklist Servers. DICOM Query/Retrieve A DICOM communication protocol with DICOM servers. Query is a request to find exams that match specific criteria on other DICOM servers. Retrieve is a request to the other DICOM server to send the specified exams. See DICOM Query/Retrieve SCP (Service Class Provider). DICOM Query/Retrieve SCP (Service Class Provider) Allows an external device that supports DICOM Query/Retrieve SCU (Service Class User) to query the Unity PACS server, or the PACS archive, and request sending images to a specified DICOM host. DICOM Query/Retrieve SCU (Service Class User) DICOM communication protocol to find exams that match specified criteria on other DICOM servers and request the exams be sent to the Unity PACS. DICOM Storage Commit A DICOM service that allows a modality or other image source request a commitment from a PACS or other image destination that images are safely stored. Receipt of commitment from PACS enables the modality to delete images from its storage area. DICOM Storage Commit SCU A DICOM standard to receive confirmation that exams sent to third-party archives have been received. DICOM Structured Report (SR) A DICOM standard that enables representation of a rich set of structured data such as diagnostic reports, as standardized code (name, value) pairs, relationships and Page 9 of 35

10 constraints. Mammography CAD Structured Report is a Comprehensive SR designed for representing Mammography CAD findings. DICOM Ultrasound Region Calibration Support for DICOM ultrasound region calibration module that reads pixel spacing calibration data from 2D ultrasound regions and applies pixel spacing calibration to measurements and ROI. Protects regions if ultrasound calibration is precise but permits user recalibration if the 2D regions are not protected. Dictation and Report Review Workstation [Unity product] An option to Instant Reporter for dictating and reviewing patient exam reports. digitized films A film jacket radiology exam where the film jacket was previously tracked and then digitized. digitizer A device that scans x-ray films and converts them to DICOM format, with user-selectable DICOM data compression. Digitizer Catapult Technologist Workstation [Unity product] Enables entry of scanned films in DICOM format with user-selectable DICOM data compression. disc A single DVD-RAM removable media is sometimes referred to as a disc, distinct from the term disk, which is commonly used to refer to non-removable magnetic hard drive media. Disk Array Guardian [Unity product] Archives exams and reports to a SAN or NAS device. Customer is responsible for backup and disaster recovery operation of the SAN or NAS device. DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) The zone between the Internet and an internal network's line of defense, usually a firewall. Document Scanning [Unity product] Includes a software license and a flat-bed scanner, or a license for your compliant scanner, to scan printed items or photographs, such as patient identification cards, insurance cards, sketches, and prior radiology reports. Document Scanning is available on Catapult, Dominator, and Ambassador workstations. Dominator [Unity product] A reading physician's workstation. Using this station, a reading physician can interpret full-resolution diagnostic images, allowing rapid and flexible image review and comparison. Dominator custom speech commands [Unity PACS feature] When dictating for speech recognition, you can use Dominator speech commands. To view the list of Dominator speech commands, select Help > Dominator Speech Commands. Page 10 of 35

11 Doppler ultrasound A diagnostic ultrasound test that uses reflected sound waves to evaluate blood as it flows through a blood vessel. It helps doctors evaluate blood flow through the major arteries and veins of the arms, legs, and neck. DR Mammography Tracking [Unity product] Merge Healthcare provides complete imaging outcome tracking and followup task tracking. This includes patient letters, mammographer outcome report cards, sitespecific outcome audits, and tracking of delinquent work-ups. Also included are a subset of Management Reports exclusive to Mammography Tracking, and automatically generated Mammography Tasks. DR Scheduler [Unity product] A software application that enables automated, enterprise-wide, resourcebased scheduling of patients, resources, and facilities. As a fully integrated module of Unity RIS, DR Scheduler can be configured for both front-desk and Web users. DR Scheduler Admin [Unity product] A Web administration application that allows the configuration of a site, facilities, procedures, and associated resources. DR Scheduler auditing [Unity RIS feature] The DR Scheduler and Unity audited events are consolidated. More than 60 DR Scheduler events are now audited using the Unity Audit Trail. Users can audit DR Scheduler actions and generate Management Reports. A set of Management Reports that track scheduling productivity are available. DR Scheduler automatic fax notification [Unity RIS feature] Systems can be configured to automatically fax referring doctors when appointments are Scheduled/Rescheduled, Canceled, or Failed because patients could not be contacted after three attempts. DR Scheduler expanded browser support [Unity RIS feature] Browser support for DR Scheduler improved for: Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 Google Chrome Mozilla Firefox Apple Safari DR Scheduler ICD-10 for IMO users [Unity RIS feature] You can achieve compliance with ICD-10 by using the IO option for DR Scheduler. DR Scheduler increased length of questions [Unity RIS feature] DR Scheduler question support has been improved, allowing you to add content to questions and answers in Schedule Notes. DR Scheduler questions generate Notes in the PACS [Unity RIS feature] DR Scheduler questions and answers appear as Scheduler Notes. Create workflows by defining filters that search for specified note text. Page 11 of 35

12 DR Scheduler notes Warnings, information, questions, and attachments presented to the scheduler when creating appointments. They guide the scheduler's selection of the correct procedure and reminders. DR SR Template Blueprint document that determines: What information is extracted from the DICOM SR. How that information is organized in a report. Where to link the DR SR Template, so the information extracted from the DICOM SR is inserted into the report. Dragon Naturally Speaking speech recognition In Instant Reporter, a speech recognition option. DTS (Dedicated Test System) [Unity product] Standalone client/server solution with hardware and software for validating new releases of Unity software and new RIS/PACS applications before rolling out to the entire enterprise. Allows testing of new features and options; interfaces to third-party products; purchased products before installing a new RIS/PACS/Reporting system; applications such as Instant Reporter and DR Scheduler, using the optional DTS Workstation. duplicate disc In the Guardian program, two or more DVD-RAM discs that have identical valid BarCode.DAT files. DVD-RAM (Digital Versatile Disc Random Access Memory) A type of media designed for high capacity data storage for computers. DVD-RAM drives can usually read most other DVD discs as well as any type of CD. E ECG See electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography (ECG). echocardiogram A noninvasive ultrasound test that shows an image of the inside of the heart. An echocardiogram can be performed to identify any structural problems that cause a heart murmur. EDV (end diastolic volume) Chamber volume (usually left ventricle) at end of diastolic cardiac cycle. ehr - Meaningful Use [Merge Healthcare product] Provides a complete, cloud-based, certified, ambulatory ehr system designed for medical imaging specialists or other specialists who do not follow the traditional workflow of primary care physicians. The system can be easily integrated with other upstream information systems or can be used as a standalone solution. The key goals are to: Enable eligible physicians to comply with Federal meaningful use (MU) ambulatory requirements and receive their incentive payments with minimal administrative burden. Page 12 of 35

13 Increase the quality and efficiency of patient services, particularly the preregistration process and collection of key patient data. Easily collect data from upstream systems via both HL7 and CCD (Continuity of Care Document) exchange. Eliminate the need to integrate multiple other MU modules. EKG (elektrokardiogramm) See electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography (ECG). electrocardiogram (ECG) A test that records the electrical activity of the heart. electrocardiography (ECG) A noninvasive procedure that produces a graph that interprets the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time. The procedure uses a set of electrodes that are attached to the outer surface of the skin and records the results by a device external to the body. The recording produced by this procedure is an electrocardiogram (also ECG). EMC Centera Content Addressed Storage (CAS) System EMC Centera provides fast online access and scalability for archiving exams. emix (electronic Medical information exchange) [Merge Healthcare product] An easy and secure way to distribute medical images and reports between healthcare institutions, physicians, and patients. EMR (Electronic Medical Record) A management system that stores and retrieves patient data in electronic format. encryption A cryptography process of transforming information using an algorithm to make it unreadable without a key. The result of the process is encrypted. ESV (end systolic volume) Chamber volume (usually left ventricle) at end of systolic cardiac cycle. exam code The specific code identifier for defining the unique exam procedure that is requested or fulfilled for a patient radiology exam. Exam codes are used in conjunction with exam modality for defining the exam procedures. Each exam has an additional exam description that provides a description for the exam code. Also see CPT codes (Current Procedural Terminology). exam group A category for a related set of Exam Types, created in reading physician preferences. This allows the reading physician to associate specific display preferences with an entire set of Exam Types. exam note A text note or audio recording attached to an exam to communicate with other users or groups of users. exam note type See note type. Page 13 of 35

14 exam preparation notes In DR Scheduler, appointment information and instructions for patients, for example: "Stop by our facility 48 hours before your appointment to pick up two bottles of barium. Exam Type [Unity feature] Categorizes exams and applies functions to exams based on the type. It identifies properties of exams such as modality, procedures, service codes. ExamType reconciliation [Unity feature] A DICOM Gateway process that matches an incoming exam to an ExamType record during import. ExamForm [Unity feature] A web-based form that is dynamically generated based on an ExamForm Template. ExamForm Template [Unity feature] Sites use these templates to create customized templates and link them to Exam Types. Allows you to build an ExamForm template, you are creating a web-based form, without having to know HTML coding. ExamForm Templates are grouped into two categories, View and Send. View ExamForms provide instructions for staff, and fields for staff to complete. Send ExamForms are inserted automatically into clinical reports and allow the reading physician to complete the form fields. ExamForm Type Framework used for generation of ExamForms. PACS processing and mapping to and from datasources is determined by the associated ExamForm Category. external exam description Exam descriptions used by other vendors are matched to Unity exam descriptions, modalities, and Exam Types. This increases the number of exams that are automatically imported into Unity. external film Film that is permanently stored at an external facility. These films are stored temporarily at your site until returned to the external facility. external report A report generated by an external transcription application other than Unity Instant Reporter. The external software program may include transcription or speech recognition that results in a report for a specific exam. If your site is configured to display external reports, you can view and print them. F fault tolerant The ability to recover from a system failure or malfunction. failed archive disc A DVD-RAM disc that was unsuccessfully used for an archive attempt. The disc may or may not have any files on it. During the Guardian Catalog operation, failed archive discs are indistinguishable from Foreign Discs. Page 14 of 35

15 Fax Server [Unity product] A module that faxes approved reports to wherever specified in the client's Universal Manager. FFDM (Full Field Digital Mammography) A system that acquires, manages, and displays mammography images in fully digital format. Full-field digital mammography is an alternative to screen-film mammography (SFM). The distinguishing characteristic of FFDM is digital image acquisition, without the need for film. filler The application that responds to a request for services (orders). The filler can also originate requests for services (new orders), add additional services to existing orders, replace existing orders, put an order on hold, discontinue an order, release a held order, or cancel existing orders. ASTM terminology refers to the filler as producer. The filler number must be unique. film exam A PACS exam that contains radiology films that are not in electronic format. Types of film exams include Internal and External film exams. Internal films are permanently housed internally. These internal films are stored in-house until they are temporarily checked out to an external source. External films are permanently housed at an external source. These external films are stored temporarily until returned to the external source. film jacket Film folders that contain one or multiple Radiology Films associated with one or multiple radiology exams. Often film jackets are associated with a specific modality. However, film jackets can contain films from multiple modalities. Film Tracking [Unity product] Enables management of patient s prior, film-based records and external films including those converted from existing systems. Unity users can properly track prior films, check films in and out, identify overdue films, and determine film jacket locations. Any PACS Exam which contains digital radiology images that are electronic format and not films requiring a film jacket. filmless exam Any PACS exam that contains digital radiology images that are in electronic format and not films requiring a film jacket. filter notes by text content [Unity RIS feature] Find exams based on the text in an Exam Note or Task Note. Use this kind of information in workflows. For example: A reading physician creates a note that contains important information. Later, to find that exam, reading physicians search by entering the important information. filter to quickly list only unread exams [Unity PACS feature] A quick filter for listing only unread exams is available by checking the Unread Only box. Unread only is available on the Worklist and Online tabs. flat file A file comprising records of a single record type that has no structure information showing relationships between records. Page 15 of 35

16 flex license [Unity feature] A type of software program license that can be assigned to any customersupplied station without having to regenerate a license file. Flex licenses are licensed to the PACS Server. Flex license assignments are tracked in the database. foreign disc In the Guardian program, a foreign DVD-RAM disc has files, but may lack a BarCode.DAT file that identifies it as a valid archive volume. Foreign discs may be generated on other Guardian workstations or as the consequence of failed archive attempts subjected to a Catalog. foreign physician The name of an Assigned Reading Physician associated with an exam that is not listed in the site's Radiologist list, because the exam was captured at a foreign site. foreign station A station with a DRS_HTTPSERVER environment variable that is configured for another site s PACS Server or AGS. Frame of Reference UID See DICOM Frame of Reference UID. G grids that users can customize [Unity RIS feature] Administrators and authorized users can customize the columns and font sizes displayed on most Unity screens. For example, change column widths and font sizes. Guardian [Unity product] A long-term digital archive system from Unity that provides multi-terabyte permanent and safe image storage and retrieval. guarantor A person responsible for paying healthcare fees. H headset A hands-free stereo USB headset is available with foot-pedal controls. For use in Instant Reporter for dictation or speech recognition. hemodynamic data The formal measurements of blood circulation, which is the sum result of cardiac output and resistances, for example, vascular resistance to flow. hemodynamic interface [Unity CVIS feature] The hemodynamic interface asynchronously receives catheterization case data exported from hemodynamic systems. This interface is configured to analyze the data for specific information that is automatically populated into a physician's clinical report. Page 16 of 35

17 hemodynamics The study of forces related to blood circulation. HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) Provides standards for privacy of individually identifiable health information. Addresses the obligations of healthcare providers and health plans to protect health information. HIS (Hospital Information System) A hospital data communications system. A computer-based system that stores and retrieves patient information and reports. HL7 (Health Level 7) A communications standard that enables healthcare applications to exchange keys sets of clinical and administrative data. Health Level 7 is one of several ANSI-accredited Standards Developing Organizations (SDOs) operating in the healthcare arena. The domain is clinical and administrative data. "Level Seven" refers to the highest level of the International Standards Organization's (ISO) communications model for Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) - the application level. HL7 Gateway [Unity product] An interface that is HL7-compliant for sending orders and order status between the Unity PACS and a RIS or HIS. The primary goals are: To eliminate redundant entry of data for patients, referring physicians, and exam schedules. To notify the HIS/RIS after capturing images for an exam, and when the exam has been read by a physician. Hold Status options [Unity PACS feature] Additional options for placing exams on hold are available, including new ways to restrict access to exams on hold. Systems can be configured to add userdefined hold statuses. For example: Prevent reading physicians from viewing exams On Hold for QA to allow time for technologists to fix errors. Hounsfield Units A quantitative scale for describing radiodensity. It was established by Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield, one of the principal engineers and developers of computed axial tomography (CT) scans. I I Series (Internet) [Unity product] Provides HTTP connection to the Communicator server for the following products: Web Dominator for diagnostic reading Web Ambassador for clinical review Web Transcription for transcribing reports I+ Series (Internet Plus) [Unity product] Applications for installations on users workstations connected to the AGS (Application Gateway Server) through the Internet for home or office workstations or through the intranet for hospital or imaging center workstations. Products include: Catapult I+ - Technologist QC Workstation Dominator I+ - Diagnostic Reading and Reporting PACS Page 17 of 35

18 Ambassador I+ - Clinical Review Workstation Dictation Report Review I+ Transcription I+ Z Series ZDA Clinical Review ZDS Scheduling Z3D Mobile ZDA ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) A set of diagnosis codes used by medical facilities. Each code represents a specific medical condition as classified by an international group advising the World Health Organization. ICD-10-CM (Clinical Modification) Diagnosis Code A set of recommended diagnosis codes for use in all clinical settings and is required for reporting diagnoses and diseases to all U.S. Public Health Service and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services programs. IHE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise) A set of standards to assist healthcare enterprises in achieving systems integration, enabling secure access to vital information for optimal patient care. Sponsored jointly by the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) and the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS). Image Orientation (patient) See DICOM Image Orientation (patient). import A process by the DICOM Gateway to assemble a collection of received images and place them into an exam. Instant Reporter [Unity product] A complete set of reporting modules from Unity. Enables dictation, speech recognition, transcription, distribution, and storage of reports. Instant Reporter template for clinical results In Instant Reporter, a Microsoft Word document that provides the layout of the body for a specific exam type. The template is used as a foundation for creating the report. insurance eligibility checking [Unity RIS feature] You can now obtain real-time access to key eligibility information, including co-pay and deductibles. This enhances cash collections at the time of service. Because Real Time Eligibility Checking takes only a few seconds, it's easy to check eligibility for every case, including walk-in patients. internal film Films that are permanently housed within the facility. These films are stored in-house until they are temporarily checked out to an external source. Page 18 of 35

19 J JCAHO (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations An organization that accredits and certifies healthcare organizations and programs to support performance improvements in healthcare. JPEG An image compression standard that provides lossy image compression. It is an official part of the DICOM Standard. JPEG 2000 A wavelet-based international (ISO) image compression standard that can provide either true lossless or lossy image compression. It was added as an official part of the DICOM Standard JPEG 2000 lossy A compression format that produces image compression ratios comparable to JPEG. However, JPEG 2000 is better suited to compression of images with more than 12 bits/pixel. Another advantage is that you can specify the desired compression ratio when using JPEG 2000 lossy compression. JPEG 2000 lossless A compression format that should produce image compression ratios between 2.5:1 and 4:1 on most images. The actual image compression ratios vary based on the modality and the amount of image detail in each image. K kv (kilovolt) Unit of measurement used in a DICOM header tag and can be displayed as an annotation. L LAN (local area network) A data communications system that lies within a limited spatial area, has a specific user group or topology, and is not a switched network. lay letters In DR Mammography Tracking, a set of letters and letter templates for patients summarizing breast exam results. MQSA (Mammography Quality Standards Act) requires that patients receive a summary of the report. LCI (Laser Camera Interface) [Unity product] Software that enables printing to DICOM print compatible laser cameras and paper printers. LM (latero-medial) A view position that is from the side. In mammography, the view is from the side "towards cleavage." lossless compression A compression method where the original image information is not altered when reconstructed. Page 19 of 35

20 lossy compression A compression method where the original image information is altered when reconstructed. LUTS store custom color [Unity PACS feature] LUTS that you apply to an image for color presentation can be saved and reused. Reapplying custom color LUTS is ideal for PET, CT, NM and perfusion imaging. M M*Modal Fluency Direct for speech recognition In Instant Reporter, a supported speech recognition option. M-mode A diagnostic ultrasound presentation of the temporal changes in echoes in which the depth of echo-producing interfaces is displayed along one axis and time is displayed along the second axis, recording motion of the interfaces toward and away from the transducer. ma (milliamperes) Unit of measurement used in a DICOM header tag and can be displayed as an annotation. machine UUID Hexadecimal string that can be used to uniquely identify a computer. Mag and Mag Box default settings configurable [Unity PACS feature] A site can be configured with a default magnification and magnification box size. For example: Full resolution Medium box. A workstation can be configured differently than the site. Mammography CAD Display CAD markers that display over a digital mammography image. An image viewer indicates existence of markers and displays them only when selected by the reading physician. Mammography Interpretation Module (Reporting with BI-RADS Assessments and Findings) [Unity product] Provides the ability to create reports for mammography exams, including BI-RADS findings, and display findings in report for referring physician. The Mammography Interpretation dialog box includes BI-RADS categories for assessments and recommendations. Mammography Tools Features that facilitate reading of mammography exams including automatic sort of comparison exams, multiple comparison flexibility, and mammography image hanging options. Mammography Tracking See DR Mammography Tracking. Management Reports [Unity product] A product designed for hospital and PACS administrators to better manage their sites. They can generate metrics on exam activities such as billing activity reports, Page 20 of 35

21 patient activity reports, productivity reports, referring doctor activity reports, and usage reports that identify who is using the system and how they are using it. Management Reports automatic scheduling of custom reports [Unity PACS feature] Users can configure custom Management Reports to automatically run at a specified time so that compiled reports are readily accessible. This eliminates wait times on collecting complex data sets. mask An image used to subtract from each of the images in a set of one or more images. Typically a mask image is an image that is captured before a change is introduced into the set of images to be subtracted, for example, the introduction of a contrast agent. Masking See blocking. mastered DVD-RAM In the Guardian program, a type of media that cannot be modified, regardless of the cartridge write-protect switch. MD (Mapped Drive) Series [Unity product] Provides hardware, third-party applications, and full-range solutions configured on the server and workstations with a mapped-drive connection to the PACS Server. Products include: Catapult - Technologist QC Workstation Dominator - Diagnostic Reading and Reporting PACS Ambassador - Clinical Review Workstation Dictation Report Review Transcription MDCT (Multidetector Computed Tomography) A two-dimensional array of detector elements that replaces the linear array of detector elements used in CT scanners. The two-dimensional detector array permits CT scanners to acquire multiple slices or sections simultaneously while increasing the speed of CT image acquisition. Media Ambassador Workstation [Unity product] Creates a CD or DVD that contains a patient s exam images both current and prior exams, the reading physician s recorded audio conclusion, and a copy of the Web Ambassador program. Referring physicians can install Web Ambassador to view the exams and listen to the audio conclusion. medical necessity A Medicare requirement for reimbursement. A Medical Necessity warning is issued whenever a diagnosis code (ICD-9 or ICD-10) does not support Medicare reimbursement for a Service Code (CPT) associated with an Exam Type (Procedure). Messenger [Unity product] A communications system for transmission via telephone lines. Used for point-to-point dial-up connections to components such as Ambassador workstations, Dominator workstations, or PACS Servers. Page 21 of 35

22 MFN (Master File Notification) An interface used in exchanging information to and from external systems and PACS data to synchronize new or updated referring doctors, exam types, and procedures. MG (mammography) modality A DICOM modality acronym for breast imaging, mammography exams. microphone Forward and Rewind buttons select text [Unity PACS feature] Dictation microphone buttons FFW (fast forward) and FRWD (fast rewind) select text following the heading in the next or previous section in preparation to overwrite the content with the current dictation. microphone support for Olympus DR-1200 [Unity PACS feature] Instant Reporter supports the Olympus Directrec DR-1200 microphone available for dictation. Requires Build or higher. migrated exams Exams migrated from a pre-existing PACS or archive at the site or a third-party PACS for comparison purposes. Migrated exams are rearchived to the Unity PACS. These migrated exams enter the PACS through specially configured DICOM Gateway or Guardians. MIP (maximum intensity projection) Postprocessing visualization procedure for reconstruction or MRA images. It combines a series of slices with the display of the brightest pixel on any slice at each location and suppresses the background to simulate a projection angiogram. MIP is mainly used to show vessels with contrast material in CT Angiography (CTA) and MR Angiography (MRA), but is also used in PET examinations to provide clear views of lesions. A variation of MIP is the Minimal Intensity Projection, added at a later stage. MLO (medio-lateral oblique) In mammography, a view position that is from cleavage towards side at a downward angle. Mobile ZDA [Unity product] Allows you to use tablets and smart phones for remote viewing of exams and reports, as well as for playing audio files. Supports ipad tablets and iphone smart phones. modality An acquisition system for patient images such as computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine (NM), ultrasound (US), computerized radiography (CR), and standard x-ray. Modality Worklist See DICOM Modality Worklist. montage A set of images selected and annotated by a reading physician. Page 22 of 35