Innovation for Low Carbon Construction. IGBC,Ahmedabad-2015 ASHOK LALL. .. Whilst most growth is expected to be in developing countries.

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1 Innovation for Low Carbon Construction IGBC,Ahmedabad-2015 ASHOK LALL.. Whilst most growth is expected to be in developing countries Emissions in Tg CO2eq. x N2O CH4 Forestry CO2 Fossil CO2 Annex I How can developed country emissions be reduced Year Emissions in Tg CO2eq. x N2O CH4 Forestry CO2 Fossil CO2 Non-Annex I Year Michael Grubb, Chief Economist, The Carbon Trust and developing country emission growth be limited? IPCC SRES A1B scenario

2 Spectrum of Innovation in building technology May have high import cost and require large scale to be affordable Embodied Energy vs Operational Energy / m h 600 k W Embodied Energy (kwh/m2) Years Operational Energy (kwh/m2) Given that the window of opportunity for reversing climate change has a horizon of the next ten years and also that the boom of residential building construction is expected to be at its height in the same decade, the contribution of embodied energy to CO2 emissions draws our attention. At a conservative estimate the impact of embodied energy at the start of a residential building s life is as much as operational energy spent over 10 years. The aspirational trend toward air conditioned comfort or better thermal comfort will be the cause of substantial rise operational energy for residential buildings

3 Embodied Energy: Building Structure & Finishes Embodied Energy analysis of typical multistory building shows that approximately 80 percent of the embodied energy of the total buildings is attributed to structural systems and external walls. Embodied Energy Reinforcement steel MJ/Kg Cement MJ / Kg Brickwork 8% Fenestration 6% Plaster Paint 2% 2% Flooring 4% Concrete 23% Reinforcement Steel 55% = HOUSING PROTOTYPE 1. Vertical cooling ducts formed between parallel load bearing masonry walls, which act as coolth stores. On site GGBS block production for wall masonry 2. Horizontal cooling ducts formed by Precast Hollow Block floor construction, which also become coolth stores. On site T Beams and Hollow block production for floor constructions March 20, 2012

4 COOL SLABS Pre cast Hollow blocks forming cooling ducts INTEGRATION Problem o Minimizing environmental impact of residential buildings in construction as well as in thermal performance for comfort cooling Solution proposed by the invention o Using thermal capacity of high density structure as a coolth store by passage of cool air through walls and floors o Inhabited space Hollow cooled space INTEGRATED SYSTEM: Integrating material properties with structural systems and spatial configuration : optimizes environmental performance and cost EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMY ARE BEST ACHIEVED BY INTELLIGENT INTEGRATION OF ALL BUILDING COMPONENTS March 20, 2012

5 STRUCTURE RCC frame Ferro cement channels Shallow domes SECTION F C CHANNELS PLAN MASONARY DOMES

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7 INCOME DISTRIBUTIVE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES Efficiency and reliability with low investment. Technologies to create wealth and knowledge locally. Ferro cement Shallow masonary dome. Precast concrete screen Stabilized mud block Stabilized Fal-G block Terracotta screen woodwork for doors and windows 0 EMBODIED ENERGY : Building Fabric Roof terrace : Recycled china mosiac Insulation roof: Vermiculite Sills & copings: Unpolished sandstone Minimum glass area No Aluminium Galvanised steel for fasteners Balconies: Mango, bamboo Doors & windows: Mango wood & bamboo board Walls: Mud block, flyash block, some burnt brickexposed finish No synthetic paint Pergola structures: Poplar, Eucalyptus, bamboo F C CHANNELS Floors: Polished / unpolished sandstone Insulation wall: Air cavity, recycled polystyrene P L A N Boundary wall, ramps: Excavated random quartzite

8 ANALYSIS Reduction in embodied energy % COMPARED TO BUSINESS AS USUAL % saving Structural system Masonry infill Windows/Doors

9 ANALYSIS Material distribution by mass % Bricks/Blocks 44.18% Others 1.34% Cement 7.75% Sand 15.95% Aggregate 20.87% Material distribution by embodied energy % Timber/Wood 0.27% Stone 2.46% Glass 2.19% Bricks/Blocks 8.16% Others 4.11% Cement 18.35% Sand 0.00% Aggrega 1.20% Stone 6.43% Glass 0.16% Steel 2.86% Timber/Wood 0.47% Others 0.67% Ferro cement concrete 3.98% Tiles 1.57% Stone 12.16% Glass 0.29% Bricks/Blocks 7.43% Cement 13.96% Sand 3.39% Aggregate 5.47% Timber/Wood 16.36% Steel 63.26% Steel 34.71% Cost distribution by material %

10 BUILDING LEVEL STRATEGY PASSIVE DESIGN Row housing to reduce peripheral wall exposure. Cross ventilation Naturally ventilated toilets. External shading system balconies and sun shade frames. End wall shading Day lighting in all spaces BUILDING LEVEL STRATEGY WINDOWS AND BALCONIES Rain Afternoon Morning

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