Structural Bearings. Expansion Joints. Tuned Mass Dampers. Viscous Fluid Devices. Services

Transcription

1 STRUCTURAL LINKS AND VIBRATION CONTROL FOR BRIDGES Structurl Berings Expnsion Joints Tuned Mss Dmpers Viscous Fluid Devices Services

2 CONTENT Structurl links nd virtion control for ridges... 3 Technicl introduction Product rnge Structurl erings Elstomeric erings Pot erings Sphericl erings Sher keys Specil erings Expnsion joints Single gp expnsion joints Reinforced ruer expnsion joints Finger expnsion joints Specil expnsion joints Tuned mss dmpers Viscous fluid devices Lock up devices Viscous fluid dmpers Services Qulity

3 STRUCTURAL LINKS AND VIBRATION CONTROL FOR BRIDGES VICODA is n engineering compny, specilized in the field of structurl dynmics nd virtion control. As glolly ctive compny VICODA serves customers in the plnt engineering, the civil engineering nd the rilwys sector s well s mny other industries. Solutions to minimize unwnted virtions in industril piping systems, products for seismic protection of ridges or techniques to reduce the effect of trffic induced virtions on uildings re just prt of VICODA s product nd service portfolio. It is VICODA s specil mition to lwys find the optimum solution for given tsk. This is why VICODA hs decided to comine ll stte of the rt product technologies nd engineering methodologies under one roof thus llowing to provide the est products nd services for its customers. With the cquisition of SCHREIBER in 2015, VICODA hs widened its product rnge y specil set of solutions for ridges nd infrstructures. SCHREIBER, Germn compny with more thn 40 yers of experience in the design, mnufcture nd supply of ridge erings nd expnsion joints, is n importnt glol plyer in the civil nd infrstructure sector. The comintion of VICODA s nd Schreier s know-how offers to customers in the ridge construction industry unique set of products nd services. 3

4 TECHNICAL INTRODUCTION Although ridges t first sight seem to e fixed nd motionless, they re in fct flexile structures. Their movement is due to vrious phenomen like temperture expnsion, trffic lods, concrete creep or shrinkge, wind or erthqukes. The forces induced y the movement re dding to the ded nd live lods of the ridge. Expnsion joints The sic function of expnsion joints is to llow smooth trffic flow while ccommodting movements due to therml expnsion of the ridge, creep nd shrinkge of concrete or of composite structures. Depending on the deck, the generl ridge design nd the expected movements oth in longitudinl nd trnsversl direction, different types of expnsion joints re ville. VICODA offers rod spectrum of expnsion joints including single gp, finger nd reinforced ruer expnsion joints. Viscous fluid devices Lock up devices nd viscous fluid dmpers re lrgely used in ridge design to provide dditionl rigid links or to increse the dmping cpcity of structure. They re very efficient to counterct trffic, wind nd erthquke ctions. 4

5 Any ridge needs to e designed in wy tht it cn move within predefined limits nd tht the sum of the cting forces does not overstress the mechnicl structure. Structurl erings, expnsion joints, tuned mss dmpers nd viscous fluid devices re specil products tht support these design requirements. Tuned mss dmpers Tuned mss dmpers (TMDs) re specil virtion control devices designed to minimize unwnted virtions due to trffic, wind or erthqukes. With TMDs dynmic lods cn e significntly reduced thus llowing to simplify the overll structurl lyout. Through this ridges cn e designed in more slender, cost effective nd sfer wy. Structurl erings Bridge erings re designed to trnsmit forces from the ridge superstructure (deck) to the sustructure (piers, utments nd foundtions) within the limits of the design requirements regrding forces, displcements nd rottions. In line with the definition given y the Europen Stndrd EN 1337 Structurl erings re elements llowing rottion etween two memers of structure nd trnsmitting the lods defined in the relevnt requirements s well s preventing displcements (fixed erings), llowing displcements in only one direction (guided erings) or in ll directions of plne (free erings) s required. In order to meet these requirements VICODA hs designed wide rnge of elstomeric erings, pot erings, sphericl erings nd sher keys. 5

6 PRODUCT RANGE VICODA hs developed wide rnge of structurl erings, expnsion joints, tuned mss dmpers nd viscous fluid devices for the ridge construction industry. With these products ll typicl design requirements cn e met. In order to define the right product for every ppliction, VICODA s technicl experts re ville to give ll necessry ssistnce. Structurl Berings Structurl Berings Type Design Stndrd elstomeric erings Free, movle in ll horizontl directions 5 different lyouts depending on nchoring system Restrined elstomeric erings Fixed, with oth horizontl directions restrined Movle, with 1 horizontl direction restrined VS-EB 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 VS-RBF VS-RBU Mx verticl lod V [MN] Expnsion Joints Sliding elstomeric erings Movle, with 1 horizontl direction restrined Free, movle in ll horizontl directions VS-SBU VS-SBM 15 Tuned Mss Dmpers Pot erings Fixed, with oth horizontl directions restrined Movle, with 1 horizontl direction restrined Free, movle in ll horizontl directions Sphericl erings Fixed, with oth horizontl directions restrined Movle, with 1 horizontl direction restrined Free, movle in ll horizontl directions Sher keys Fixed, with oth horizontl directions restrined Movle, with 1 horizontl direction restrined VS-P VS-PU VS-PM VS-S VS-SU VS-SM VS-K VS-KU No verticl lod llowed Viscous Fluid Devices Expnsion Joints Movements [mm] Type Noise Service life Longitudinl Trnsversl Verticl reduction [yers] Single gp expnsion joints VS-JS No 50 Single gp expnsion joints with noise reduction VS-JSR Yes 50 Finger expnsion joints VS-F Up to 400 No design limits 10 Yes 50 Services Reinforced ruer expnsion joints VS-Flex Up to 320 Up to No 20 Viscous Fluid Devices Type Behviour with slow movements (therml, creep, shrinkge) Behviour with dynmic ctions (vehicle rking, wind, erthqukes) Mx xil lod [MN] Mx stroke [mm] Service life [yers] Viscous fluid dmpers VS-VD Allow movement with negligile rection force Reduce dynmic force y dmping energy (up to 75%) Lock up devices (STUs) VS-STU Allow movement with negligile rection force Trnsmit dynmic force s rigid link

7 In the elow tle, quick overview to VICODA s product rnge is presented. This should serve s sic guideline to select the right product type from the wide ville rnge. Further technicl detils on the products nd their specific pplictions re given on the following pges. Mx horizontl lod H [MN] Mx horizontl movement 5% of V Depending on ruer height. mx sher deformtion tn γ = 1.0 Up to 50% of V in the restrined dir. 5% of V in non restrined dir. Depending on ruer height. mx sher deformtion tn γ = 1.0 Mx rottion [rd] Vlue depends on the ruer height Vlue depends on the ruer height Up to 50% of V in the restrined dir. No design limits Vlue depends on the ruer height Service life [yers] Up to 70% of V No design limits Up to 100% of V No design limits 0.15 nd more 50 No design limits No horizontl movements No design limits 0.15 nd more 50 Tuned Mss Dmpers Services Type Design Service life [yers] Aville engineering services TMD Specil products to reduce unwnted virtions nd structurl-orne noise due to wind, erthqukes, trffic lods or induced y other cuses 50 Structurl engineering Virtion mesurements Specil product design Different lyouts re ville to ct in horizontl nd/or verticl direction Instlltion Repir nd mintennce Adptle to ll kinds of structures Monitoring systems 7

8 STRUCTURAL BEARINGS ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS Elstomeric ering Type VS-EB4 Restrined elstomeric ering Type VS-RBF Unidirectionl sliding elstomeric ering Type VS-SBU Free sliding elstomeric ering Type VS-SBM VICODA elstomeric erings re suitle to connect different sections of structure, trnsferring lods in verticl nd horizontl direction nd llowing horizontl displcements s well s rottions. Thnks to their flexile design nd to the wide rnge of nchoring lyouts, they cn e used in lmost every kind of structure. DESIGN Elstomeric erings in generl consist of ruer (elstomeric) lock, reinforced with internl steel pltes vulcnized to the elstomer. The steel pltes increse the verticl stiffness of the device thus incresing the ering cpcity. Emedded in the elstomer, they re efficiently protected ginst corrosion. Elstomeric erings provide n elstic counterction to n initil movement. Typicl llowle verticl lods of VICODA elstomeric erings re up to 15 MN. The typicl llowle horizontl lods rnge etween 5% nd 10% of the verticl lod. For higher lods specil lyouts cn e developed following stndrdized design processes. The llowle horizontl movements depend on the height of the elstomeric lock nd correspond normlly to tngentil deformtion γ = 1. According to the requirements in horizontl direction, VICODA elstomeric erings my e clssified into three groups: Stndrd elstomeric erings type VS-EB Stndrd elstomeric erings of type VS-EB consist of only reinforced elstomeric lock tht cn e provided with externl steel pltes in order to improve the nchoring to the surrounding structure. The lod trnsfer nd movement chrcteristics in horizontl direction of these erings re only definied y the elstomer resistnce nd the deformtion cpcity. Restrined elstomeric erings type VS-RB Restrined elstomeric erings of type VS-RB consist of n elstomeric lock, upper nd lower connection pltes nd steel frme preventing horizontl movements of the elstomeric lock in one or two directions. Here the steel frme insted of the elstomeric lock trnsfers the horizontl lods in the respective directions. For erings of type VS-RBF complete steel frme llows the trnsfer of high horizontl lods in ll directions. In cse of erings of type VS-RBU steel restrints limit the movement of the elstomeric lock to only one direction thus llowing the trnsfer of high lods in tht direction nd llowing horizontl movement in the perpendiculr direction. Sliding elstomeric erings type VS-SB The designs of the sliding elstomeric erings of type VS-SB re similr to the designs of the stndrd or restrined elstomeric erings. The only difference is tht these erings re equipped with n externl sliding element. The sliding element itself consists of stinless steel plte nd PTFE sheet. Suitly gresed this element hs very low friction coefficient. As horizontl displcements re mde possile y the sliding element - nd not y the deformtion of the elstomeric lock sliding elstomeric erings llow significntly igger horizontl displcements thn the stndrd or restrined elstomeric erings. Berings of type SV-SBM llow displcements in oth horizontl directions. Berings of type VS-SBU with dditionl steel restrints only llow displcement in one horizontl direction. CONFIGURATION OF ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS VICODA elstomeric erings re designed ccording to EN1337 nd provided with CE Mrk. If required, they cn lso e designed nd mnufctured in complince with different interntionl stndrds like AASHTO, BS or DIN. In order to select the right ering type nd to choose the est solution, VICODA engineers re ville to support you. The dt required to configure elstomeric erings re: Lod cses i.e. verticl nd horizontl lods, horizontl displcements nd rottions corresponding to minimum nd mximum verticl lod nd to mximum horizontl lod t the ultimte limit stte (ULS) Generl description of the structure, spce or nchoring requirements 8

9 ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS PRODUCT RANGE Stndrd elstomeric erings Type Design VS-EB1 Reinforced elstomeric lock with no dditionl nchors to the structure VS-EB2 Reinforced elstomeric lock with externl steel pltes, provided with pin housing or threded holes to llow connection to the structure VS-EB3 Reinforced elstomeric lock with externl steel pltes provided with or without nchors Restrined elstomeric ering Type VS-RBU instlled VS-EB4 Reinforced elstomeric lock with externl pltes vulcnized to the elstomer nd connected to nchoring pltes c Finl ssemly of elstomeric erings t VICODA s fctory VS-EB5 Reinforced elstomeric lock with externl checkered steel pltes vulcnized to the elstomer these pltes provide higher friction nd thus llow higher horizontl lod trnsfers Restrined elstomeric erings Type Design VS-RBF Elstomeric ering with complete steel frme (restrints) suitle to trnsfer high horizontl forces in ll directions d c Reinforced elstomeric lock Externl steel pltes c Anchors d Steel restrints e Sliding element An overview of the typicl lods, llowle displcements nd rottions is given on pge 6. VS-RBU Elstomeric ering provided with steel restrints suitle to trnsfer high horizontl forces in one direction in the perpendiculr direction it hs similr chrcteristics s stndrd VS-EB ering c d Sliding elstomeric erings Type Design VS-SBU Elstomeric ering with guided sliding element llowing lrge displcements in one direction e c d VS-SBM Elstomeric ering with sliding element llowing lrge displcements in ll horizontl directions e 9

10 STRUCTURAL BEARINGS POT BEARINGS Fixed pot ering Type VS-P with counterpltes Pot erings re designed to connect djcent sections of structure, trnsferring the verticl lods from e.g. the deck of ridge to its piers nd foundtions. With regrd to horizontl displcements pot erings cn ct s restrint in one (unidirectionl) or two directions (fixed), or they cn llow free movements in ll directions (free sliding). They lso llow rottions round ll xes. Pot erings cn e provided with different nchoring systems depending on the design requirements. Anchors re instlled directly on the seplte, on the piston (in fixed erings) or on the sliding plte (in unidirectionl nd free sliding erings). Externl counterpltes cn e provided to fcilitte instlltion nd replcement. In this cse, the nchors re instlled on the counterplte itself. Unidirectionl pot ering Type VS-PU Free sliding pot ering Type VS-PM Piston Elstomeric disc c Bseplte d Guide e Sliding plte f Sliding surfce (PTFE + stinless steel) g Gsket DESIGN Pot erings consist of round steel seplte (pot) in which n elstomeric disc is inserted. A steel piston is plced ove the elstomeric disc, so tht verticl lods re trnsferred from the piston to the seplte through the disc. In order to prevent the elstomeric disc to flow out the seplte when compressed, specil gsket is instlled t the disc s edge. The elstomer, when compressed, cts s n incompressile fluid preventing verticl deflections, ut through its deformility llows rottions round ll xes. Horizontl lods re trnsmitted through the steel-steel contct etween the piston nd the seplte. This solution llows the trnsfer of very high horizontl lods. Movle erings (unidirectionl nd free sliding) re equipped with sliding plte ove the piston. The sliding plte is composed of steel plte nd thin stinless steel sheet. This steel sheet is in contct with PTFE sheet covering the upper side of the piston. Suitly gresed, this rrngement the sliding surfce hs very low friction nd thus negligile rection. In unidirectionl pot erings, guide llows movements in one direction nd restrins the perpendiculr one while trnsmitting the correspondent lods. CONFIGURATION OF POT BEARINGS VICODA pot erings re designed ccording to EN1337 nd provided with CE Mrk. If required, they cn lso e designed nd mnufctured in complince with other interntionl stndrds like AASHTO, BS or DIN. c g Fixed pot ering Type VS-P c f d e Unidirectionl pot ering Type VS-PU g c f e g Free sliding pot ering Type VS-PM 10

11 Assemly of free sliding pot erings Finl qulity control of free sliding pot ering In order to select the right ering type nd to choose the est solution, VICODA engineers re ville to support you. The dt required to configure pot ering re: Pot erings during instlltion nd Lod cses i.e. verticl nd horizontl lods, horizontl displcements nd rottions corresponding to minimum nd mximum verticl lod nd to mximum horizontl lod t the ultimte limit stte (ULS) Generl description of the structure, geometricl limittions like instlltion height nd nchoring requirements fter instlltion is completed Type Design Mx verticl lod V [MN] Mx horizontl lod H [MN] Mx horizontl movement Mx rottion [rd] Service life [yers] Pot erings Fixed, with oth horizontl directions restrined VS-P Movle, with 1 horizontl direction restrined VS-PU 50 Up to 70% of V No design limits Free, movle in ll horizontl directions VS-PM 11

12 STRUCTURAL BEARINGS SPHERICAL BEARINGS Fixed sphericl ering Type VS-S Unidirectionl sphericl ering Type VS-SU VICODA sphericl erings represent the stte of the rt in the structurl erings rnge. They re suitle to trnsfer very high lods connecting the ridge deck to the sustructure i.e. piers nd utments. VICODA sphericl erings cn restrin or llow movements in horizontl directions nd, thnks to the internl sphericl hinge, llow ig rottions round every xis. DESIGN Sphericl erings re mde of round steel top plte, hrd chromium plted sphericl cp nd convex steel seplte. Two circulr PTFE sheets re inserted in recesses mchined on the top of the convex seplte nd on the top of the sphericl cp respectively. The PTFE sheet inserted in the seplte is in contct with the lower hrd chromium surfce of the cp, while the one inserted in the cp is in contct with stinless steel sheet tht is welded or olted to the top plte. Sphericl erings cn e provided with different nchoring systems depending on the design requirements. Anchors re normlly instlled directly on the se nd on the top pltes. Externl counterpltes cn e lso provided to fcilitte instlltion nd replcement. In this cse, the nchors re instlled on the counterplte. CONFIGURATION OF SPHERICAL BEARINGS VICODA sphericl erings re designed ccording to EN1337 nd provided with CE Mrk. If required, they cn lso e designed nd mnufctured in complince with other interntionl stndrds like AASHTO, BS or DIN. d Free sliding sphericl ering Type VS-SM Thnks to the low friction etween the PTFE sheets nd their stinless steel or hrd chromium plted counter surfces, the top plte, the seplte nd the cp cn slide ginst one nother, thus llowing displcements nd rottions with only negligile rection. In order to keep the friction s low s possile, the PTFE is suitle gresed. Moreover, the stinless steel surfce is mchined with smooth surfce. e c Fixed sphericl ering Type VS-S d Top plte Sphericl cp c Bseplte d Sliding surfce (PTFE + stinless steel) e 2nd sliding surfce (PTFE + hrd chromium) f Sliding plte Verticl lods re trnsferred from the top to the seplte through the PTFE surfces nd the sphericl cp. Horizontl lods re trnsmitted through the steel-steel contct etween the top nd seplte, without ny lod trnsfer through the sphericl cp. Therefore sphericl erings llow the trnsfer of very high horizontl lods. e Unidirectionl sphericl ering Type VS-SU d c f c Movle erings - unidirectionl nd free sliding - re ccommodted y different designs of the top plte. In unidirectionl erings guiding element limits displcements of the seplte nd the cp to only one direction. In free sliding erings the top plte is replced y round or rectngulr sliding plte, which is free to slide in every direction. e Free sliding sphericl ering Type VS-SM 12

13 Assemly of sphericl erings In order to select the right ering type nd to choose the est solution, VICODA engineers re ville to support you. The dt required to configure sphericl ering re: Lod cses i.e. verticl nd horizontl lods, horizontl displcements nd rottions corresponding to minimum nd mximum verticl lod nd to mximum horizontl lod t the ultimte limit stte (ULS) Generl description of the structure, spce or nchoring requirements Sphericl erings redy for shipment Type Design Mx verticl lod V [MN] Mx horizontl lod H [MN] Mx horizontl movement Mx rottion [rd] Service life [yers] Sphericl erings Fixed, with oth horizontl directions restrined VS-S Movle, with 1 horizontl direction restrined VS-SU 50 Up to 100% of V No design limits 0.15 nd more 50 Free, movle in ll horizontl directions VS-SM 13

14 STRUCTURAL BEARINGS SHEAR KEYS Instlltion of fixed sher key Movle sher key redy for shipment d c Fixed sher key type VS-K Sher keys re structurl components designed to trnsfer horizontl lods nd to ccommodte rottions. They do not trnsfer verticl lods. In generl pot erings or sphericl erings re suitle to trnsfer oth verticl nd horizontl lods. However, if the horizontl forces cting in the structure re significntly higher thn the verticl ones, the design of these erings my no longer e efficient. In such cses sher keys offer good solution, s they llow the trnsfer of high horizontl lods ut only require limited spce. Therefore they re normlly used in comintion with free sliding erings thus splitting the trnsfer of horizontl nd verticl lods. DESIGN There re two sic designs of sher keys depending on their ility to trnsfer lods in only one or in oth horizontl directions: fixed sher keys or pins, if they trnsfer forces in ll directions movle sher keys or guides, if they trnsfer forces in one direction only llowing movements in the perpendiculr one In generl sher keys re mde of two steel elements forming mle-femle joint, trnsferring the forces within the structure through proper nchorges. The mle-femle joint hs to e designed in wy tht the required rottions re possile. The detiled design of sher keys my vry considerly depending on the mgnitude of the cting forces, the required movements, nd rottions s well s the ville spce. CONFIGURATION OF SHEAR KEYS VICODA sher keys re designed ccording to EN1337 nd provided with CE Mrk. If required, they cn lso e designed nd mnufctured in complince with other interntionl stndrds like AASHTO, BS or DIN. In order to design sher key nd to choose the est solution, VICODA engineers re ville to support you. The dt required to configure sher keys re: Mximum horizontl lod t the ultimte limit stte (ULS) nd corresponding horizontl displcements nd rottions Generl description of the structure, spce nd nchoring requirements e Type Design Mx verticl lod V [MN] Mx horizontl lod H [MN] Mx horizontl movement Mx rottion [rd] Service life [yers] Sher keys Fixed, with oth horizontl directions restrined Movle, with 1 horizontl direction restrined VS-K VS-KU No verticl lod llowed No verticl lod llowed No design limits No design limits No horizontl movements No design limits 0.15 nd more 0.15 nd more Movle sher key type VS-KU Free sliding ering M1 Free sliding ering M3 Top element Bse element c Pin d Pin housing e Guide Fixed sher key VS-K Free sliding ering M2 Bridge longitudinl xis Movle sher key VS-KU Free sliding ering M4 Sher keys typicl setup with structurl erings 14

15 STRUCTURAL BEARINGS SPECIAL BEARINGS Elstomeric, pot nd sphericl erings represent the most common solutions in ridge construction in order to form structurl links etween superstructure nd sustructure. However, in specific cses, specil erings with different designs might e required. In prticulr, they re often indispensle in ridge mintennce, whenever the replcement of existing specil components is needed without chnging the lyout of the structure. VICODA, with the long experience of Schreier Brückendehntechnik, is le to design nd provide wide set of specil erings e.g. Roller erings These erings re composed y one or more cylindricl rollers plced etween n upper nd lower steel plte. The verticl lods re trnsmitted through liner contct etween rollers nd steel pltes nd the horizontl movement occurs through the rolling of the cylindricl component. Rocker erings In rocker erings the verticl lods re trnsmitted through liner (line rockers) or point (point rockers) contct, etween curved steel plte nd rocker plte. Rocker erings lso llow rottions in one (line rockers) or every direction (point rockers) through the rottion of the curved component up on the rocker plte. The trnsmission of the horizontl lods cn e improved with the insertion of pins etween the curved nd the rocker plte. Tilor-mde solutions There re mny more pplictions where tilor-mde solutions with very specil functionlity nd lyouts my e necessry. VICODA s technicl deprtment provides ssistnce nd solutions in every phse of ridge ering project, from design to construction, instlltion nd mintennce. Specil erings cn e designed nd mnufctured ccording to EN1337. If needed, they cn lso e supplied in complince with different interntionl stndrds like AASHTO, BS or DIN. Rocker ering c Roller ering Rocker plte Curved plte c Pin Specil solution for high horizontl forces 15

16 EXPANSION JOINTS SINGLE GAP EXPANSION JOINTS Single gp expnsion joint The single gp expnsion joint type VS-JS is designed to cover longitudinl movements of ridge of up to 80mm nd trnsversl movements of up to 120mm. Smll verticl movements nd rottions etween the two djcent sections re lso llowed. In this wy, smll inccurcies in the ridge lignment s well s structurl settlements cn e esily ccommodted. DESIGN Type VS-JS The VS-JS expnsion joint is composed y two symmetric steel profiles. These profiles re connected y n elstomeric profile covering the ridge gp thus providing wter tightness to the expnsion joint. The wter tightness of the VICODA VS-JS expnsion joints hs een tested t the Stuttgrt MPA lortory ccording to the TL/TP FÜ (03/05) Germn stndrd. spce required for instlltion, it is prticulrly suitle for replcements on existing ridges. The detiled lyout of n expnsion joint e.g. the lyout of the nchoring system is depending on the lods cting on the joint. Oviously the verticl lods on sidewlks re significntly smller thn the ones on the driving lnes of the ridge. Therefore the design cn e dpted depending on the lod. For typicl lods on sidewlks design sed on simple luminium or stinless steel plte is often sufficient. The effective design together with the high qulity of the mterils, gurntees long service life of these products. c Steel profile Elstomeric wterproof profile c Anchor Type VS-JS The elstomeric compound hs een developed in order to resist oil, grese, slt nd other ggressive medi thus gurnteeing long service life of the joint. Aluminium side wlk Shped steel profile sidewlk 16 In order to connect the joint to the ridge, nchors welded on the steel profiles re poured in the concrete of the deck. This ensures very roust connection nd n excellent ftigue resistnce. A numer of different steel profiles nd nchoring systems re ville so tht the VS -JS cn e instlled in ll typicl ridge structures. Moreover, thnks to the little Qulity control on VS-JS joints

17 d e c Type VS-JSR with noise reduction Whenever noise protection is mndtory single gp expnsion joints cn e equipped with noise reduction profiles. The VS-JSR consists of two se profiles, similr to those of the stndrd VS-JS, on which two specil wve-shped steel pltes re olted. When driving over the expnsion joint, wheel lwys touches t lest one of the steel pltes, thus crossing the joint more smoothly. Type VS-JSR Required dt in order to design single gp expnsion joint re Bse profile Wve plte c Anchor d Connecting olt e Elstomeric wterproof profile Thnks to the wve-shped pltes the longitudinl llowle movement of the VS-JSR is incresed to 120mm. Specil designs cn e provided if the longitudinl movement is not perpendiculr to the expnsion joint. CONFIGURATION OF A SINGLE GAP EXPANSION JOINT In order to select the right expnsion joint type nd to choose the est solution, VICODA engineers re ville to support you. Mx longitudinl nd trnsversl movement (mm) Gp width (mm) Rod cross section Specil requirements like sidewlks lyout, preset, surfce tretment, noise reduction feture Type VS-JSR with skew ngle Type Movements [mm] Longitudinl Trnsversl Verticl Noise reduction Service life [yers] Single gp expnsion joints VS-JS No 50 Single gp expnsion joints with noise reduction VS-JSR Yes 50 Type VS-JSR Single gp expnsion joint with noise reduction instlled 17

18 EXPANSION JOINTS REINFORCED RUBBER EXPANSION JOINTS VICODA reinforced ruer expnsion joints type VS-Flex re designed to cover longitudinl nd trnsversl movements of ridge from 50mm up to 320mm. Smll verticl movements nd rottions etween the two djcent sections re lso llowed. In this wy, smll inccurcies in the ridge lignment s well s structurl settlements cn e esily ccommodted. VICODA VS-Flex expnsion joints represent very compct nd cost effective solution, prticulrly suitle for replcements due to the little spce required for instlltion nd the simple instlltion concept. DESIGN VICODA VS-Flex expnsion joints consist of ruer mt reinforced y inserted steel profiles. The joint compenstes the movements of the ridge y the deformtion of the ruer. The steel profiles provide resistnce nd stiffness to the product. A mle-femle joint permits to connect ech ruer module with the next one. In cse dmged module needs to e replced, this feture llows the sustitution of only the respective module insted of the entire expnsion joint. An dditionl dvntge is tht for the replcement of module only prt of the ridge needs to e locked thus llowing quicker mintennce nd ove ll continous trffic. Depending on the width of the gp nd the expected movements different types of reinforced ruer expnsion joint re ville. Together with the ruer modules, VICODA supplies ll the necessry nchoring equipment. Anchors re designed to resist hevy trffic lods, including horizontl forces induced y rking vehicles. They need to e tightened with dynmometric key thus ensuring permnent compression of the ruer. This prevents the modules from lifting up when the joint is closing. Ruer mt Steel profiles c Anchors Bridge gp The environmentl conditions in which these expnsion joints re instlled re sometimes hrsh. For this reson the ruer compound hs een specilly developed in order to resist oil, glese, slt nd other ggressive medi without suffering from premture ging. VICODA joints type VS-Flex re mnufctured in modules with length of two meters. They re instlled next to ech other to cover the complete cross section of ridge. Viduct over the river Neckr Germny 18

19 VS-FLEX PRODUCT RANGE VS Flex 50 VS Flex 80 VS Flex 120 VS Flex 160 VS Flex 200 A specil surfce lyout of the joints reduces noise emissions due to vehicles driving over the expnsion joints nd preserves good tyre dhesion. VICODA VS-Flex expnsion joints re wterproof. Wter tightness is provided y ruer flshing which is fixed on the edges of the gp. The shpe of the flshing esily llows longitudinl nd trnsversl movements. Reinforced ruer expnsion joints cn e supplied with luminium or stinless steel covers for the sidewlk gps. CONFIGURATION OF A REINFORCED RUBBER EXPANSION JOINT In order to select the right expnsion joint type nd to choose the est solution, VICODA engineers re ville to support you. Required dt to design reinforced ruer expnsion joint re Mx longitudinl nd trnsversl movement (mm) VS-Flex instlled Gp width (mm) VS Flex 250 Rod cross section Specil requirements like sidewlks lyout or preset VS-Flex in opertion VS Flex 320 Reinforced ruer expnsion joints Type Movements [mm] Longitudinl nd trnsversl Verticl Bridge gp [mm] Service life [yers] VS-Flex VS-Flex VS-Flex VS-Flex VS-Flex VS-Flex VS-Flex

20 EXPANSION JOINTS FINGER EXPANSION JOINTS VICODA finger expnsion joints type VS-F re designed to cover longitudinl movements of the ridge deck from 50mm up to 400mm. Their roust design llows high trffic lods nd ensures extreme resistnce to ftigue, gurnteeing long service life. DESIGN Due to this geometry of VICODA s finger expnsion joints, the noise emissions whenever vehicles drive over the joints re very low. Finger expnsion joints cn e supplied with luminium or stinless steel covers for the sidewlk gps. d c Finger expnsion joint with stinless steel sidewlk VICODA finger expnsion joints re composed of two symmetric finger-shped pltes olted to two se profiles. Trnsversl movements my e ccommodted through specil lyout. To provide this feture one of the two finger-shped pltes needs to e disconnected from the nchoring profile in order to llow the joint to move. Through this simple concept, there is no limittion to the trnsversl movement. In order to connect the joint to the ridge, nchors welded on the steel profiles re poured in the concrete of the deck. This ensures very roust connection nd n excellent ftigue resistnce. VICODA finger expnsion joints re wter proof. Wter tightness is provided y ruer flshing which is fixed on the edges of the gp. The shpe of the flshing llows longitudinl nd trnsversl movements. Like in the cse of the single gp expnsion joints with noise reduction type VS-JSR, wheels crossing the joint lwys touch t lest one of the finger-shped pltes. CONFIGURATION OF A FINGER EXPANSION JOINT In order to select the right expnsion joint type nd to choose the est solution, VICODA engineers re ville to support you. Required dt in order to design finger expnsion joint re Finger expnsion joint type VS-F Mx longitudinl nd trnsversl movement (mm) Gp width (mm) Rod cross section Specil requirements like sidewlks lyout, preset or surfce tretment Bse profile Finger-shped plte c Anchor d Connecting olt Ruer flshing Type Movements [mm] Noise Service life Longitudinl Trnsversl Verticl reduction [yers] Finger expnsion joints VS-F Up to 400 No design limits 10 Yes Finger expnsion joint in opertion

21 EXPANSION JOINTS SPECIAL EXPANSION JOINTS Bsed on the long experience of Schreier Brückendehntechnik VICODA is le to design nd deliver wide set of specil expnsion joints needed e.g. during ridge mintennce when replcing instlled components e.g. Roller shutter joints These extremely roust expnsion joints re mde y set of steel pltes which cn roll long curved support (roller shutter) they llow very lrge longitudinl movements of up to 1000mm nd more with very relile nd sfe design VICODA designs nd replces these prticulr products for more thn 30 yers Hndling nd positioning of multi steel profiles expnsion joint Multi steel profile expnsion joints These joints re suitle for lrge movements up to 400mm nd more they re composed of set of steel profiles nd supported y kinemtic mechnism instlled in the joint gp Tilor-mde solutions There re mny more pplictions where tilor-mde solutions with very specil functionlity nd lyouts my e necessry VICODA s technicl deprtment provides ssistnce nd solutions in every phse of ridge project, from design to construction, instlltion nd mintennce Roller shutter joint surfce detil Roller shutter joint during instlltion 21

22 TUNED MASS DAMPERS In ridges unwnted virtions cn occur due to different cuses like wind, trffic or erthqukes. These virtions, if not properly controlled, cn led to high stress resulting in erly ftigue of the ridges structures. In footridges even wlking pedestrins cn excite oscilltions of the ridge creting discomfort nd structurl risk. A prticulrly dngerous sitution ppers if the frequency of n excittion is equl or close to one of the nturl frequencies of the ridge. In this cse the ridge enters into resonnce resulting in oscilltions of the ridge eyond n cceptle i.e. sfe level. VICODA tuned mss dmpers (TMDs) represent very efficient solution to control unwnted virtions nd to keep oscilltions within cceptle limits. DESIGN The VICODA tuned mss dmper is device consisting of mss, spring nd dmping element tht when instlled on ridge reduces its dynmic response. In fct TMD is le to efficiently sor the energy of the ridge s virtions. For n efficient sorption the TMD needs to e tuned to the min nturl frequency of the ridge. One of the dvntges of TMDs is tht they do not need ny externl utment. They cn e instlled directly on the ridge. This mkes it very simple to mount TMDs when uilding new ridge or when retrofitting existing ones. VICODA, through its prtner WOELFEL, designed its first TMD for the Erlch footridge, Germny, in VICODA TMDs re equipped with dmping element widening the TMD s rnge of ppliction with regrd to excittion frequencies. These dmping elements typiclly re VICODA viscoelstic dmpers dissipting energy y the movement of steel piston in viscous fluid. Murr vlley viduct Germny TMDs cn ct in up to three dimensions. VICODA cn provide TMDs for wide rnge of pplictions. Depending on the specific sitution different designs like spring or pendulum type TMDs re used. Accelertion mplifiction fctor w/o TMD with TMD Time (s) Dynmic response of ridge with or without TMD 22

23 ADVANTAGES OF TMDS Efficient reduction of structurl virtions High svings in the overll structurl costs No externl utment required Suitle oth for new nd existing structures Modulr design for ppliction in one to three dimensions CONFIGURATION OF A TMD For proper design of virtion control solution using VICODA TMDs, the support of VICODA s engineers is mndtory. The first step in the solution process is detiled nlysis of the virtion prolem. Pedestrin ridge over the river Min Germny In cse of retrofit of n existing structure, on-site mesurements might e required. The optimum design will e defined in close coopertion with the customer. Mss Springs c Dmping element c Typicl TMD design 23

24 VISCOUS FLUID DEVICES LOCK UP DEVICES Aprt from tuned mss dmpers VICODA provides set of viscous fluid devices to control unwnted virtions nd to resist shock or impulsive lods in ridges. These devices use different physicl principles in order to protect the ridge structure e.g. in cse of excittions due to strong winds, erthqukes or trffic. The two sic types of viscous fluid devices re viscous fluid dmpers nd lock up devices. LOCK UP DEVICES Lock up devices or shock trnsmission units (STUs) re used to protect ridges from dngerous dynmic stresses, in prticulr due to erthqukes. STUs re typiclly instlled etween the ridge deck nd the sustructure, i.e. piers nd utments, to control horizontl movements. STUs operte in two different modes in stndrd mode, i.e. under norml conditions in this cse slow movements etween the ridge deck nd the sustructure s response to therml expnsion, concrete creep nd shrinkge re possile with negligile resistnce from the STU in sfety or lock up mode, i.e. under high dynmic excittion in this cse the STU internlly locks nd rects s rigid link etween the ridge deck nd the sustructure so tht exciting forces re completely trnsferred y tht ll horizontl forces will e spred mong severl points defined y the designer thus voiding stress peks in prticulr loctions Movle structurl erings c Bridge deck Pier hed STU Fixed erings Undirectionl sliding erings + STU Bridge longitudinl xis STU STU STU STU STU Pier Axis 1 Pier Axis 2 Pier Axis 3 Pier Axis 4 Pier Axis 5 Pier Axis 6 STUs - typicl setup with structurl erings 24

25 f f Stndrd lock up device type VS-STU Steel cylinder Rod c Piston Sphericl hinge Anchor f Chmers DESIGN Stndrd design VICODA s stndrd lock up devices consist of steel cylinder filled with specil silicone fluid, rod nd piston. The piston divides the cylinder into two chmers. In cse of slow movements of the piston i.e. velocities of less thn 0.1mm/s, the fluid cn flow from one to the other chmer through the gp etween piston nd cylinder. In cse of quick movements, i.e. velocities of more thn 1mm/s, the viscosity of the fluid increses significntly preventing ny further flow etween the two chmers nd y tht locking the internl movement of the device. Sphericl hinges etween the cylinder nd the connecting nchors simplify instlltion of the dmper nd void ending of the piston rod. The rection force F R of the device s function of the rod displcement x is shown in the djcent figure, showing only smll hysteresis loop. Specil design VICODA lso offers specil i.e. highly precise lock up devices. LISEGA, VICODA s prent compny, is one of the glol mrket leders for STUs nd the preferred supplier for techniclly demnding STUs solutions e.g. for ppliction in nucler plnts. It is the internl control vlve tht mkes the min difference etween stndrd nd specil devices. This vlve llows significntly tighter tolernces leding to lower friction within the device, i.e. out only 1% of nominl lod insted of 10%. Bsed on LISEGA s long reserch nd development experience regrding vlves VICODA is le to customize vlves to wide rnge of specil requirements. A specil feture of the VICODA STUs is tht the vlve unit cn e replced without removing n instlled device. By tht, recurrent tests of the vlve units re esily possile nd cn e effected with minimum effort. Rection force FR Rod displcement x Typicl hysteresis of lock up device during n erthquke Type Behviour with slow movements (therml, creep, shrinkge) Behviour with dynmic ctions (vehicle rking, wind, erthqukes) Mx xil lod [MN] Mx stroke [mm] Service life [yers] STUs redy for shipment Lock up devices (STUs) VS-STU Allow movement with negligile rection force Trnsmit dynmic force s rigid link

26 VISCOUS FLUID DEVICES VISCOUS FLUID DAMPERS F R c v = Rection force = Dmping prmeter = Velocity = Dmping exponent Strong winds nd erthqukes often induce excessive dynmic lods into ridge structures. In order to ensure no structurl dmges, these forces nd the consequentil displcements need to e reduced to hrmless level. VICODA s viscous fluid dmpers reduce these virtions nd impulsive dynmic forces y the technique of energy dissiption. As viscous fluid dmpers reduce the kinetic energy in the structure itself, design engineers of ridges cn use smller structurl elements nd less complex foundtions thus reducing the overll cost for the structure. Hydrulic dmpers counterct externl forces with rection force F R tht cn e typiclly descried y F R = cv Typicl vlues for the dmping exponent rnge from 0.01 to 0.4. The effect of different dmping exponents on the resulting rection force t given velocity is given in the djcent grph. The energy dissipted in the dmper is function of the rection force F R nd the displcement x. The size of the ellipticl res in the second grph is proportionl to the respective dissipted energy. c g Steel cylinder Rod Piston Sphericl hinge Anchor Vlve Chmers g g Viscous fluid dmper type VS-VD DESIGN Viscous fluid dmpers consist of hydrulic cylinder, rod, piston nd vlve regulting the flow of the hydrulic fluid from one chmer of the cylinder to the other. The piston is equipped with sels in order to prevent lekge etween the chmers nd to the environment. Sphericl hinges etween the cylinder nd the connecting nchors simplify instlltion of the dmper nd void ending of the piston rod. Stndrd vlve configurtions of viscous fluid dmpers typiclly hve very low rection forces for velocities of less thn 0.1mm/s. Whenever the motion speed due to n excittion or virtion exceeds 1mm/s the viscous fluid dmper strts to counterct with n incresing rection force, s shown in the grph. With customized vlves specific force velocity dependencies cn e relized thus creting different dynmic responses of the dmper. All vlves re designed, mnufctured nd tested in our fcilities. 26

27 Rection force FR = 0.01 = Velocity v Typicl force / velocity digrm for VICODA viscous fluid dmper 1.5 Rection force FR = 0.01 = Displcement x Typicl force / displcement digrm Thyr vlley ridge Germny CONFIGURATION OF LOCK UP DEVICES AND VISCOUS FLUID DAMPERS In generl VICODA s STUs nd viscous fluid dmpers re designed ccording to EN15129 nd provided with CE Mrk. If required, they cn lso e designed nd mnufctured in complince with other interntionl stndrds or specific customer requirements. VICODA engineers will help you to specify the devices in line with your requirements. Vlves of VICODA viscous fluid dmper Type Behviour with slow movements (therml, creep, shrinkge) Behviour with dynmic ctions (vehicle rking, wind, erthqukes) Mx xil lod [MN] Mx stroke [mm] Service life [yers] Viscous fluid dmpers VS-VD Allow movement with negligile rection force Reduce dynmic force y dmping energy (up to 75%)

28 SERVICES VICODA is not only high qulity product mnufcturer ut lso relile service nd solution provider. With its wide experience VICODA cn supplement ny product offer with comprehensive set of technicl services, from engineering t the design stge to instlltion nd mintennce or generl technicl ssistnce. 1. STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING 2. VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS VICODA cn support its customers with the vst experience of highly-specilized mesurement engineers. With their comprehensive equipment VICODA engineers cn perform ll types of relted virtion mesurements, from one-dy dt cquisition to long-term monitoring setup producing dily or weekly reports. VICODA offers the entire scope of structurl engineering for ridges, with specil emphsis on the ssessment of dynmic lod cses. Structurl engineering services cn e provided for highwy, rilrod, pedestrin nd pipe ridges in concrete, steel, composite nd lightweight construction: sttic nd dynmic nlysis for ll lod cses including wind lods, seismic lods s well s pedestrin or trffic induced lods generl design support ccording to Germn, Europen or interntionl stndrds seismic evlution of existing structures, including ssessment of dmge cused y erthqukes with clssifiction of the dmge nd development of retrofit mesures definition of mesures to reduce unwnted virtions design support for seismic protection devices 3. SPECIAL PRODUCT DESIGN Besides the wide rnge of stndrd products, VICODA cn develop nd mnufcture specil products in line with exceptionl technicl specifictions: extreme lods, strokes or rottions negtive lods (uplift devices) specil seismic protection devices temporry links or dmpers for specific construction phses solutions with minimum spce requirement 28

29 4. INSTALLATION All VICODA products re supplied with comprehensive instlltion mnuls where the correct hndling, trnsport, instlltion nd commissioning of products re descried in detil. If required, complete instlltion cn e provided y VICODA tem or the instlltion process cn e overseen y n experienced supervisor. 5. REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE For the repir nd mintennce of structurl erings, expnsion joints, TMDs or viscous fluid devices, VICODA engineers cn provide ll the necessry technicl support t ll stges of these processes: site inspections nd structurl ssessment ridge lifting, erings retrofit or replcement expnsion joints, viscous fluid devices nd dmpers retrofit or replcement seismic ssessment of existing ridges nd implementtion of seismic protection mesures virtion nlysis, design nd implementtion of virtion control solutions Instlltion of finger expnsion joint 6. MONITORING SYSTEMS VICODA s monitoring systems re highly suitle for remote monitoring of ridges. They cn provide detiled informtion out the sttus of VICODA products nd comprehensive structures. For this purpose sensors re mounted on the structure nd connected with dt cquisition unit on site. The evlution nd storge of dt is effected y centrl computer system. Dt ccess is mde ville for customers vi we services. VICODA s ridge monitoring systems re chrcterized y modulr structure. Configurtion is crried out individully ccording to customer requirements. Typicl VICODA on-site mesuring equipment 29

30 QUALITY 1. QUALITY One of the fundmentl compny principles t VICODA is the continuous delivery of superior product qulity. This qulity culture necessittes close nd concise interction with VICODA s usiness prtners nd drives the orgniztion nd ctions of VICODA personnel s well. The prticulr mesures of the Qulity Mngement Deprtment, ensuring product qulity, re outlined in the Qulity Mngement Progrm. These mesures nd ctivities to promote qulity re n integrl component in the processing cycle nd re firmly rooted in ll procedures. Following interntionl codes nd stndrds, the Qulity Mngement Progrm is descried in detil in the Mngement Mnul. This mnul tkes into ccount ll the recognized Europen nd interntionl stndrds. VICODA is n ISO9001 certified compny. 2. MANUFACTURING One of the strengths of VICODA is tht not only the design, ut lmost the complete mnufcturing process of the products is performed in house. All production phses, from oxycutting to mchining, drilling, welding, pinting nd ssemly re executed within VICODA s or LISEGA s own fcilities. The LISEGA Group cn fulfil the highest qulity stndrds thnks to more thn 50 yers of industril mnufcturing experience in delivering high qulity products to the power industry nd the oil & gs sector. All steel components re uilt in line with EN-DIN, ASTM or CN steel mteril stndrds. In generl, welding is crried out ccording to EN CORROSION PROTECTION VICODA products re designed for long service life. Depending on customer requirements, different surfce protection systems re ville, providing corrosion protection in line with the corrosion ctegories defined in EN ISO Unless specified differently, ll products receive stndrd surfce protection corresponding to corrosion ctegory C3, medium protection period (M), pproprite for environments with moderte industril tmosphere. Qulity control on VICODA STU 30

31 4. TESTING VICODA s own testing lortory is equipped to perform sttic nd dynmic tests in xil or multi-dimensionl lyouts. Aprt from stndrd tests customer-specific tests cn e performed: type tests nd finl inspection tests for viscous fluid dmpers nd shock trnsmission units (STUs) ccording to EN15129 finl testing for structurl erings ccording to EN1337 dynmic tests, dmping ssessment nd tuning of dmpers (viscous fluid dmpers or tuned mss dmpers) ftigue tests on different products (dmpers, structurl erings, expnsion joints) 5. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT VICODA s wide product rnge nd comprehensive service portfolio llow designers nd opertors of ridges to hndle technicl prolems linked to the structurl design, construction nd mintennce of ridges. This is the result of VICODA s strong commitment in conceiving new solutions nd improving existing ones. Dynmic test on viscous fluid dmper t VICODA testing lortory VICODA engineers re on stndy to support you. Their mition is to lwys provide the optimum solution. 3D test stnd t VICODA testing lortory 31

32 VICODA GmH Gerhrd-Liesegng-Strße Zeven Germny Tel. +49 (0) 42 81/ Fx +49 (0) 42 81/ A compny of the LISEGA Group Schreier Brücken-Dehntechnik GmH Am Moosch Minhrdt Tel. +49 (0) Fx +49 (0) MouseDesign Medien AG- 04/ Photos y Adoe Stock, dollrphotoclu.com Schreier Brücken-Dehntechnik GmH, VICODA GmH nd LISEGA SE