The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery. Bangladesh: Urban Resilience Project Marc Forni

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1 The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery Bangladesh: Urban Resilience Project Marc Forni

2 Table of Contents BURP Case Study: GFDRR s Power to leverage investment and convene partners towards large-scale ambitions Rationale for Engagement GFDRR s Bangladesh Urban Resilience Program (URP) Planned and Proposed Investments Established Partnerships

3 Rationale for Engagement

4 Dhaka city profile High vulnerability to seismic events Dhaka is ranked among the 20 cities most vulnerable to earthquakes No major earthquakes recently, but 3 events in the past 2 years Major fault is less than 60 km from Dhaka One of the fastest growing cities 15 million inhabitants and widespread poverty Challenges of rapid urbanization Complex governance structures

5 Bangladesh strengths in DRM Bangladesh is a leader in coastal DRM

6 Bangladesh weaknesses in DRM But Dhaka is highly vulnerable to urban disasters Brittle structures Flammable Slums

7 Recurrent fires and building collapse Rana Plaza Spring 2013 Factory Fire Fall 2012

8 Similar to period between 1875 and 1925 Spokane Tokyo Toronto Baltimore Boston San Francisco Seattle

9 The Same Causes Apply Today A lack of government responsiveness to the needs of their citizens is at the source of these fires: Poor implementation and enforcement of building codes Land plans were biased by rent seeking and lobbies Limited infrastructure to support emergency services Emergency service providers were not professionalized Experts believed cities were doomed to never improve These are the exact same challenges we help our clients confront today!

10 GFDRR s Bangladesh Urban Resilience Program

11 Earthquake Risk Mitigation Program The program engages stakeholders to increase collective understanding of risk, identify major disincentives for resilient development, support planning for prevention, and gradually shift toward more resilient development. 1. Build consensus among stakeholders about seismic risk. 2. Create hazard and vulnerability data platform as a tool for planners, developers, and policymakers. 3. Generate widespread understanding of seismic hazards and ways in which risks can be reduced. 4. Develop a seismic engineering certification program to promote seismic resilient construction.

12 Phased Establishment Approach of Institutional to National Framework, Earthquake Data, Communication Risk Management and Capacity Strategy Building and Platform Action for Multi-stakeholder Plan Engagement Platforms for Multi-stakeholder Engagement Information and Communication Technology Education, Communication and Outreach Training and Capacity Building Preliminary Elements for Dhaka City Strategy Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Analysis Legal and Institutional Arrangements Land Use Planning Final Elements for Dhaka City Strategy Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Analysis Legal and Institutional Arrangements Land Use Planning Disaster Management Systems Resiliency of Slums and Shelters Resiliency of Water & Sewage Systems Development of Dhaka and National Strategy Development of Resiliency Indicators Dhaka Earthquake Risk Management Plan Scaling, Testing and Validating National Earthquake Risk Management Strategy Capacity Building for Engineers and Builders Building Code Enforcement and Implementation Training of Masons and Bar Benders Certification of Engineers and Architects 12 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

13 Core Elements to Understand Risk Earthquake Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Analysis Technical review of studies already completed by other agencies. Data to provide comprehensive scientific information to relevant decision-makers. Legal and Institutional Arrangements Technical review of acts and policies related to disaster risk management. Establish clear understanding of institutional linkages and reporting mechanisms. Land Use Planning Integrate hazard, vulnerability and risk parameters in existing development plans. Develop guidelines and systems for risk-sensitive land use planning. Disaster/Emergency Management System Review of current emergency management system and identification of gaps. Conceptualize a local Emergency Operations Plan to include Emergency Support Function System and Incident Response System.

14 Planned and Proposed Investments

15 Bangladesh Urban Resilience Program Phase I $175 million program that seeks to enhance the capacity of relevant government entities in Dhaka and Sylhet to effectively plan for, respond to, and recover from, emergency events: To be implemented by four agencies: The Department of Disaster Management (DDM), Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC), the Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha (RAJUK), or Capital Development Authority of GoB, and the Ministry of Planning (PCMU).

16 Bangladesh Urban Resilience Program Phase II Scaling City-level Emergency Preparedness & Response systems by the strengthening the City Corporations 1. Seismic vulnerability reduction and retrofitting 2. Flood risk mitigation for Dhaka Continued technical assistance to Rajuk, City Corporations, and Ministry of Local Government Phase II will start being implemented in 2016

17 Established Partnerships

18 Partnerships JICA Technical Review Panel that will review and sign off on all seismic resilient construction; Three areas where URP and UBSP can finance mutually reinforcing and complementary activities: (a) emergency management and response; (b) retrofitting fire stations; (c) retrofitting private garment factories, schools, public administrative buildings and infrastructure; Tokyo Hub Partnership to act as a facilitator, particularly with respect to outreach events. GIZ Facilitating urban response units comprising factories and communities; Opportunity to scale up efforts under World Bank-financed funding. ARUP Developing a Property Catastrophe Insurance pool with two objectives; 1) Transfer a portion of Bangladesh s financial risk to earthquake; 2) Improve the quality of construction by developing a risk-differentiated financial incentive.

19 WB BURP WB BURP Structural Integrity 1) National Level BNBC Enforcement MoHPW/PWD Conceptual Collaboration between JICA and WB for Urban Resilience in Bangladesh JICA UBSP/WB BURP Emergency Response 1) Emergency Coordination System Establishment of National Coordination Center 2) Building Construction DSCC Sylhet CC Technical Review Panel (similar to Building Regulatory Authority) TRP Review of Design & Construction RMG Factories 2) Assessment of existing facilities DB of Pvt Critical & essential facilities Survey of structural vulnerability assessment Data Sharing Platform FSCD 3) HRD Retrofitting EOC Establish Emergency Retrofit/Remediation Operation Center (approx. 20 factories) New FSCD HQ 14 Fire Stat. WB BURP WB BURP JICA UBSP JICA UBSP JICA UBSP 3) Building Permission & Approval RAJUK URU Training for URU WB BURP Electronic Construction Permitting Professional Accreditation Program Training on BNBC to URU Develop the process, technical criteria for BNBC enforcement 4) HRD (PWD/Pvt Engineering firm/pvt Contractor) Training Seminar Workshop JICA UBSP HRD (FSCD) Control Room (incl Mobile) Drill Program Warehouses Equipment WB BURP