Ecosystem service governance and evaluating the effectiveness of arguments for biodiversity conservation

Transcription

1 Ecosystem service governance and evaluating the effectiveness of arguments for biodiversity conservation Eeva Primmer 1, Pekka Jokinen 2, Malgorzata Blicharska 3 *Finnish Environment Institute International Workshop on Governance of Ecosystem Services: Challenges for Sustainable Development , Frankfurt am Main

2 Conserve biodiversity because it is important Targets to reduce biodiversity loss by 2010 and beyond Numerous strategies & policies at different levels Evaluations of effectiveness Failure A more holistic approach

3 Holism implies new arguments Complexity & systemic interactions Humans Benefits Decision-making Something like: Harness complex ecosystems because they provide benefits

4 Haines-Young, R. & Potschin, M. (2010): The links between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. In: Raffaelli, D. & C. Frid (eds.): Ecosystem Ecology: a new synthesis. BES Ecological Reviews Series, CUP, Cambridge, p A conceptualisation of ecosystem services supports new arguments Biophysical processes Limite preassure through policy Ecosystem functions Ecosystem services Benefits from ecosystems Ecosystem values Pressure

5 More knowledge production Potschin, M., Haines-Young, R. (2011). Ecosystem services: Exploring a geographical perspective. Progress in Physical Geography, 35(5):

6 More information But how does this information support governance?

7 Do we have all the information we need ABOUT GOVERNANCE?

8 Look in new places; start by looking at what is already known A review of methods to evaluate arguments for biodiversity conservation in policy implementation Look at policy implementation, to learn about governance! Problem framing and goal-setting Policy implementation Outcome: conservation and sustainable management of ecosystem services

9 Governance & policy implementation Top-down implementation Scientific-technical implementation Adaptive governance & collaboration Managing strategic behavior Arguments generate or influence effects

10 Top-down implementation Rules and policies are enforced at lower levels Policies express values based on generalizations, negotiations and compromises Lower level and sector policies and arguments condition effectiveness Assume bureaucratic responsibility & matching institutions Mismatches might undermine policy Primmer, E Analysis of institutional adaptation: integration of biodiversity conservation into forestry, Journal of Cleaner Production, 19:16,

11 Scientific-technical implementation Feeding scientific arguments and knowledge to implementation To directly influence ecosystems Generating effects requires genuine integration into existing practices Assume that too little knowledge is used In addition to knowledge, practice is conditioned by resources, skills and mandates Primmer, E., Wolf, S. A Empirical accounting of adaptation to environmental change: organizational competencies and biodiversity conservation in Finnish forest management. Ecology and Society 14(2): 27.

12 Adaptive governance & collaboration Integrating knowledge and arguments in practice Allows negotiating & iterating Assume that networks at policy, project and operational levels learn and commit Knowledge and arguments are transferred openly but also in closed contracts - effects differ But integrating different views requires compromise Primmer, E Policy, project and operational networks: channels and conduits for learning in forest biodiversity conservation. Forest Policy and Economics, 13:2,

13 Managing strategic behavior Negotiating with competing interests Benefits and values are constantly redefined and iterated Encouraging policy and critical feedback enhance effectiveness Assumes narrow interests Proactive early implementation can frame practice more broadly Saarikoski, H., Åkerman, M., Primmer, E The Challenge of Governance in Regional Forest Planning: An Analysis of Participatory Forest Program Processes in Finland. Society & Natural Resources, 25:7,

14 Conceptual model for governance of ecosystem services Biophysical processes Ecosystem functions Ecosystem services Benefits from ecosystems Ecosystem values Scientific-technical implementation Adaptive governance and collaboration Managing strategic behavior Top-down implementation

15 Take home Understanding governance is necessary for Feeding ES knowledge knowledge to decisionmaking Protecting biodiversity Improving ecosystem service governance Analyse governance empirically and make use of already existing research!

16 Thank you! Thanks go also to Eeva Furman Heli Saarikoski Rob Bugter David Barton Per Mickwitz