CHAPTER II INSTITUTION. Mangkunegaran Palace. A. Brief History and Short Profile of Mangkunegaran Palace

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1 CHAPTER II INSTITUTION Mangkunegaran Palace A. Brief History and Short Profile of Mangkunegaran Palace Mangkunegaran Palace was built by Raden Mas Said. He was born in Kartosuro Palace on 17 April He is the son of Pangeran Arya Mangkunegara and Raden Ayu Wulan. Raden Mas Said was prince of Mangkenegaran I. When he was 16 years old, there was a Chinese rebellion against the Dutch and the rebellion was aimed to influence the attitude of Mataram people and the Dutch. Raden Mas Said with his brother and his friends cooperated with people to against the Dutch but Susuhan Pakubuana II (king of Kasunanan Palace) took a side to the Dutch side and it made people angry. After that, the people attacked the palace and Susuhan Pakubuana II went to Ponorogo. After that incident, Raden Mas Said left the palace and went to Nglareh, Wonogiri. In Nglareh, Raden Mas Said strongly fought against the Dutch and the people supported his struggle. He succeeded in almost every fight against the Dutch. Because of his struggle against the Dutch, the people gave him the Pangeran Sambernyawa. In 1757, peace treaty in Kalicacing, Salatiga was made among the king of Kasunanan Palace (Sultan Hamengkubuwana) and king of Mangkunegaran Palace 5

2 6 (Pakubuana III and Raden Mas Said). According to the treaty the position of Raden Mas Said was equal to other king s position, but he was not allowed to sit upon the throne, establish Balai Winata building to have city square and raise a pair of Banyan tree. Those were meant to distinguish his authority between kings of Kasunanan Surakarta Palace and kings of Mataram Kingdom. Mangkunegaran Palace becomes a tourist destination since Mangkunegaran Palace nowadays become multiply place, which is used as royal family resident and museum. The tourist can visit this palace everyday start from am until pm and pm on weekend. As a tourism attraction, Management of Mangkunegaran Palace has responsibility for maintaining, organizing and promoting Mangkunegaran Palace.

3 7 B. Management of Mangkunegaran Palace The structure organization of Management Mangkunegaran Palace MANGKUNEGARAN PALACE KGPAA MANGKUNEGARA IX CHIEF TREASURE SECRETARY MUSEUM MARKETING ADMINISTRATION FRONT OFFICE GUIDE SUB - Mangkunegaran Palace / KGPAA Mangkunegara IX is the owner of Mangkunegaran Palace and the head of the Management Mangkunegaran Palace. - Chief Tourism is the Management leader who manages the divisions underneath the chief.

4 8 - Treasure and secretarial are an assistant leader in financial and correspondence affairs. They help the leader develop the palace and the management. - Museum division is a division which maintains Mangkunegaran Palace collections. - Marketing division is a division that promotes Mangkunegaran Palace. - Administration division is responsible for administration of Mangkunegaran Palace. - Front Office division is responsible for the tourist registration. - Guide sub division is a division which has responsibility for giving guidance to the tourist. C. Attractions of Mangkunegaran Palace Mangkunegaran Palace occupies an area of m 2. It is a Javanese architecture building with ornament and some collection of items that show highly artistic culture of Javanese. The building of Istana Mangkunegaran Palace is divided into two parts. They are the parts to which the public is allowed to visit and the private part of Mangkunegaran kings. There are three main buildings in Mangkunegaran Palace. They are Pendopo Ageng, Paringgitan and Dalem Ageng. 1. Pendopo Ageng The first main building is Pendopo Ageng. The length of Pendopo Ageng is meter and the width is meter. Pendopo Ageng is a large space which is available for five to ten thousand people. The shape of Pendopo building

5 9 is Joglo. Pendopo Ageng s roof was made of trees in the Mangkunegaran forest in the hills of Wonogiri. The entire structure was built without using nails. One characteristic of Central Java building is its four pillars (Saka Guru or main pillars). The height of main pillar is meters and the height of another pillars are 16 meters. The front part of this Pendopo is decorated with beautiful lamps. It was delivered from Dutch. The floor of Pendopo ageng was made in Italy. The length of this floor is meters and the width of this floor is meters. There are three sets of gamelan. They are Kyai Kanyut Mesem, Kyai Senton and Kyai Lipur Sari. Kyai Kanyut Mesem is oldest gamelan in Pendopo Ageng. It is used for important ceremony in Mangkunegaran Palace. The second one is Kyai Lipur Sari. It is played every Wednesday with traditional dance performance. And the last one is Kyai Senton. It is played every Saturday. It used for training of traditional dance performance. In the middle of Pendopo Ageng, there is a painting, it is called Kumudhowati. It was decorated by Liem To Hien from China. The painting has Javanese batik style called Modang. Along the edge of the painting, there are Javanese versions of zodiacs. In the centre of painting there are eight colours. In every colour has different meaning. The eight mystical colours: 1. Yellow is to prevent sleeplessness 2. Blue is to prevent disease 3. Black is to prevent hunger

6 10 4. Green is to prevent desire 5. White is to prevent lust 6. Orange is to prevent fear 7. Red is to prevent evil 8. Purple is to prevent bad thoughts 2. Paringgitan The second main building is Paringgitan. The word Paringgitan refers to Para and Ringgit. The meaning of Para is place and Ringgit is puppet. Therefore it means that this room is used for Wayang kulit performance. The Wayang kulit performance plays depicting episodes from the Mahabarata and Ramayana stories. This room is also used to host official guests of the royal family. 3. Dalem Ageng Dalem ageng is the main building of the palace. It is constructed in Limasan Architectural style with eight Saka Guru. Its size is m 2. Inside the room of Dalem Ageng, there is a place that is called Krobongan. It is used to put offering to the goddess of rice (Dewi Sri). Besides, there are also wooden statues in front of the Krobongan. They are called Loro Blonyo. There is a painting on the ceiling, which is called Suryo Sumirat. It means the sun shines. Dalem ageng is used for traditional ceremony for the wedding ceremony. Now, the function of Dalem ageng is to conduct sacred ceremonies and to keep some collection of

7 11 relics. The relics consist of gold and bronze materials from the Hindu, Majapahit and Mataram periods. The relics are one of the rarest collections of high cultural and archeological value in Indonesia. 4. Other buildings Besides the main building, pendopo ageng, paringgitan and dalem ageng, there are still other rooms for various necessities of the families in the palace, such as Pracimoyoso, Bale Peni, Bale Warni and Library. a. Pracimoyoso Pracimoyoso is the dining room and it has a function as family meeting room with modern architecture mixed with traditional style. There are interesting decorations in this room. It is decorated with large mirrors on the wall of the room. Besides, there are several tables and chair sets and 14 cupboards with the picture of the big Mangkunegaran family. There are also foreign guest s picture of Queen Yuliana from Dutch and Queen Fabiolla from Belgium. It is a sign of good relationship between two kingdoms. b. Bale Peni Bale Peni is located beside Dalem Ageng. Public or visitors are not allowed to visit this area because it is a private part of the palace for family only.

8 12 c. Bale Warni Bale Warni is located next to Dalem Ageng. The public is allowed to visit it. In this place, there is beautiful garden with the flowering trees, various kinds of birds and ornamental shrubs. In the entrance of Beranda Dalem, there are eight-side rooms with chandeliers and fine European furniture. There are dining room decorated with stained glass window which describes Javanese life, the princess s dressing room and elegant tiled bathroom. d. Reksopustoko Library Reksopustoko was established in 1867 by Mangkunegoro IV. This library is still used by students and historians. Restopustoko has many collections of old historical photos and some data about other possessions of Mangkunegaran.