SprayAdvisor DSS Herbicide Case

Transcription

1 SprayAdvisor DSS Herbicide Case Herbicide Case Study Example D.G. Thompson - Canadian Forest Service Boreal Science Seminar, Kapuskasing ON 3-4 June,

2 SprayAdvisor Economic and Ecological Sustainability Economics Forestry critical to Canada s trade balance Optimized targeting & uniformity Herbicide treatment for enhanced conifer regeneration Insecticide applications to protect high value stands Ecologics Stewards of 30% of boreal; 20% of freshwater Minimum off-target deposit/risk to non-targets IFM reduces footprint on landscape 2

3 Canadian Forestry Forest Pesticide Use < 2% of total pesticide volume sold in Canada but one of the most controversial forest management practices 3

4 Canadian Forestry Pesticide Use Forest pesticides dominated by only 2 actives Btk (e.g. Forary 76B) insecticide Btk holds 85% of Cdn forest insecticide market ~16M ha defoliated annually Insecticides applied to 134 K ha p.a. (< 0.15% of area defoliated) MB recently dominant user of insecticides Glyphosate (e.g. Vision) herbicide Glyphosate holds 92% Cdn forest herbicide market 1.1 M ha harvested annually Herbicides applied to 173 K ha p.a. (~ 41% of annual planted area) ON dominant user of herbicides. Aerial application - method of choice 4

5 SprayAdvisor Integrating Advanced Technologies GIS DGPS Drift Modeling Spray Advisor DSS Remote Sensing Dose-Response Modeling Electronic Guidance

6 Axiom for a Field Researcher All models are wrong -it s simply a matter of degree J.P. (Hamish) Kimmins Professor Emeritus UBC; Forest Ecology; Sustainability of Managed Forests; Modelling Forest Ecosystems B.Sc. (1964) N. Wales, M.Sc. (1966) Calif., Berkeley, M. Phil. (1968), Ph.D. (1970) Yale, R.P.F. (Hon.) 6

7 Aerial Herbicide Validation Case Studies 24 Cases Typical of Operational Practice in Canada Year Aircraft Type/Operator Fixed Wing; Grumman AgCat General AirSpray Fixed Wing;Grumman AgCat General AirSpray Fixed Wing;Grumman AgCat General AirSpray Rotary Wing; Bell 206 Gateway Helicopters Rotary Wing; Bell 206 Gateway Helicopters Rotary Wing; Bell 47 Buchanan and Son Location Kapuskasing, ON Kapuskasing, ON Kapuskasing, ON Timmins, ON Timmins, ON Whitecourt, AB Product Vision Vision Vision VisionMax Catena VisionMax VisionMax Dispersal Teejet D6/46 Teejet D6/46 Teejet D6/46 Teejet D8/46 Teejet D8/45 AccuFlow Cases Total 11 Fixed-Wing; 13 Rotary-Wing

8 Glyphosate Herbicide Vision and VisionMax Manufacturer: Monsanto Formulations: Vision,Vision Max, Vantage, Forza Equiv(~): Roundup/Weathermax One of the most intensively studied herbicides Reviewed and accepted by regulatory agencies and independent reviewers internationally as environmentally acceptable 8

9 Glyphosate Herbicide What happens on these sites if you don t use it 9

10 glass-fibre filter papers as ADCs ~ 100/site half within target zone half within exclusion zone Quantitative analysis by GC-NPD Block 55 Gordon Gordon Cosens Forest Tembec (Spruce Falls) SFL Boreal black spruce lowland site Harvested in 2000; Planted in 2001 Glyphosate (Vision) 2003 conifer release Sprayblock Boundary Exclusion Zone (250 x 300 m) Biomonitoring wetland Wind from 215 deg Avg. 5.7 (0.4-12) km/h T5 T4 T3 T2 T1 Sampling Sampling Transects Transects Flight path 132/312 10

11 Fixed-wing Grumman AgCat B [Schweizer] 170 km/hr (47 m/s) Release Height = 22.5 m D6/46 (30) drop nozzles oriented 90 o (straight back) Block 55 Aerial Application Glyphosate (Vision 356 g a.i./l) Tank mix (5.3 L product L water) Total spray volume application rate 17 L/ha 11

12 Block 55 Meteorological Parameters Average (cv) during application Air 13 m: 14.9 (8%) Air 2 m: 18.1 (9%) Relative Humidity: 65.2 (7%) Wind speed: 5.7 (37%) min = 0.4; max=12.1km/hr Wind Direction: 215 (1%) Rainfall: Range 212 to 219 Nil 24 hrs prior/post 12

13 AGNAV II AgNav II Application Parameters Date of application: 12-Aug-03 Time of application: 08:40 to 10: L/ha = 1.9 kg a.e./ha Total area treated: (79.2 ha) Release height: 22.5 Airspeed: 170 km/hr (3) Swath width: 20 m Flight path: 132/312 (xtm 1) 13

14 Block 55 Integrated Results Spray block & excl boundaries Phytotoxicity contours Artificial exclusion protected; except SW boundary Avg 76 ( m) buffer area with no phytotox deposition Clear protection of riparian zone & the stream 14

15 SprayAdvisor Predictions for Block 55 Little/no deposition upwind of block Highly efficacious deposits within block Wind from 215 deg Avg. 5.7 (0.4-12) km/h kg/ha ( shading) Logarithmic decline ( & shading) of deposit with downwind (NE) distance Avg. deposit within exclusion is below 0.36 kg/ha phytotoxic threshold Accurate prediction of incursion along SW boundary of EXCL zone Deposits in buffer and riparian cut reserve are below toxicity thresholds for both plants and animals 15

16 Block 55 In-situ Biomonitoring deposit (exposure) & effect (acute toxicity/morbidity) in small wetlands larval amphibians (GS25 leopard and green frog tadpoles) as most sensitive spp. cumulative mortality (N=3; ss =20/wetland) over 72 hrs (OSP 5%; EXCL 0%) NSD p=

17 SprayAdvisor An Expert System Incorporates scientific & experiential knowledge Integrates & applies advanced technologies Embedded spray dispersal, dose-response & productivity models Generates spatially explicit predictions -deposition, effect & cost User-friendly, graphical outputs in familiar ArcGIS format Optimization for maximum efficacy of herbicide applications for successful conifer regeneration and insecticide applications for protection of high value stands susceptible to insect attack KEY TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT

18 Acknowledgements Canadian Forest Service D. Thompson,B. Staznik, D. Chartrand, M. O Toole, R. Swain, R. Laliberte, K. Collins, D. Harvey, L. Perry Collaborators TEMBEC- SPRUCE FALLS (J. Leach, P. Guido) GENERAL AIRSPRAY LTD (P. Hodgins) Supporting Agencies CFS EPMM SERG-I (OMNR, USFS, FPL) TEMBEC/FRP (CEC) G. Bruemmer, A. Stinson 18