COMPENSATED REDUCTION OF DEFORESTATION

Transcription

1 COMPENSATED REDUCTION OF DEFORESTATION IPAM - AMAZON INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Dialogue on Future with Socioambiental Institute, Brazil Center for Meteorology and Climate Studies, Brazil Environmental Defense, USA Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, USA Presented by Paulo Moutinho (IPAM) Stephan Schwartzman (ED) Mexico City, Mexico

2 Global CO2 Emissions Dialogue on Future Global C Emission: ~75% Fossil Fuel ~25% Land Deforestation

3 Dialogue on Future Global CO2 Emissions

4 Fundamental Principle: common, but differentiated responsibilities (but, also, more equitable and productive) Dialogue on Future We need this tree to avoid the Climate Change

5 Dialogue on Future THE CASE OF BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA

6 Deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia 2003 Amazon Basin 5.3 million km 2 1/3 world s remaining tropical forest 30 % world s flora and fauna Deforestation 2002/2003 Deforestation until 2002 Fonte: : INPE PRODES Digital, millions ha deforested 16% of Brazilian Amazonia

7 Deforestation in Rondonia State 1986: ~2.8 millions ha Main Road Deforestation: Yellow Non-Forest: Gray Blank areas : not available image

8 Deforestation in Rondonia State 1992: ~3.6 millions ha Deforestation: Yellow Non-Forest: Gray Blank areas: not available image

9 Deforestation in Rondonia State 1996: ~ 4.8 millions ha Deforestation: Yellow Non-Forest: Gray Blank areas : not processed image

10 Fossil Fuel Forest Fire (Non El Niño year) Forest Fire (El Niño year) Deforestation Fossil Fuel Brazil Indonesia Kyoto Target Peat Fire (El Niño year) Forest Fire (El Niño year) Deforestation Dialogue on Future Annual Carbon Emission (PgC/yr)

11 Fonte: : INPE PRODES Digital, Deforestation in the Future Deforestation 2002/2003 Deforestation until 2002

12 Forest Fire Emission: 0.2 PgC

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14 Deforestation and Logging Investments on infra-structure Dialogue on Future Evapotranspiration Reduction RAIN REDUCTION Forest Flammability Increase EL NIÑO Global Warming CO 2 CO 2 Forest Fire Increase

15 Dialogue on Future The control of deforestation to obtain compensation Is it possible to control deforestation? If yes, how?

16 Examples of How to Control Deforestation? The Case of Mato Grosso State Dialogue on Future Environmental Control System on Rural Properties (Program of License and Control Deforestation) New Approach 1. Focus on large properties (>500 ha) in critical areas; 2. Obligation for registry of properties 3. Emphasis on environmental assets 4. Use of information technology 5. Simplified licensing

17 Dialogue on Future Examples of How to Control Deforestation? Obligation for registry of properties: the owners must present details about their property informing their identification and address before to receive the registry Cost of Program (US$ 3 million/yr ( ) Results ( ): 25% Reduction of deforestation compared to the deforestation trends of other states and to the last years Emission reduced 36 MTC Source: Fearnside & Barbosa (2003): World Resource Review GDP Growth: 8%/yr

18 Examples of How to Control Deforestation? The National Program to Control Deforestation New Approach Dialogue on Future 1. The Control Program is under responsibility of 12 ministries; 2. Unrestricted availability of deforestation data to society 3. Deforestation in public forest became environmental crime 4. Deforestation monitoring in real time 5. Emphasis on land tenure and illegal appropriation of public land Estimated Cost of Program (~US$ 130 millions )

19 Dialogue on Future BRAZILINAN INITIATIVES RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE PROÁLCOOL (20% of methanol added to gasoline) Flexpower cars (use any combination of methanol and gasoline) PROINFA (Program for renewable energy: from 3,1% of total 2004 to 5,9% in 2006). BIODIESEL (PROGRAM OF VEGETAL FUEL PRODUCTION) PROAMBIENTE (ENVIRONMENTAL CREDITS FOR FARMERS) PROARCO (FIRE PREVENTION IN AMAZONIA) PROTEGER/GTA NATIONAL PROGRAM TO CONTROL AMAZONIAN DEFORESTATION NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR FORESTRY

20 2050 Business as Usual Scenario: Deforested 2,698,735 km 2 (16 PgC release by 2050) Forest 3,320,409 km 2 Non-forest 1,497,685 km 2 Dialogue on Future 500 km Soares-Filho et al. 2004

21 2050 Governance Scenario: Deforested 1,655,734 km 2 (Reduction: 40%) Forest 4,363,410 km 2 Non-forest 1,497,685 km 2 Dialogue on Future 500 km

22 Tropical Forest and Climate Change Under the Protocol at present Dialogue on Future forests treated as sinks native forests seen as insignificant to the stability of the climate system and confused with tree plantations. developing countries have no incentives to reduce or avoid emissions from deforestation (25% of global GHG emissions) Tropical forests are not considered, but northern forests (Article 3.3) and plantations (CDM) are credited HOW TO ADDRESS EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTION?

23 Dialogue on Future Compensated Reduction of Deforestation Concept for non-project based reduction of tropical deforestation emissions 1. Baseline derived from average annual deforestation for 1980 s (using satellite imagery) for tropical countries. 2. Tropical countries that elect to reduce their national emissions from deforestation below baseline during a commitment period, and demonstrate success, authorized to issue carbon certificates post facto (IPCC could establish common criteria for baselines and equivalence between deforestation and carbon stocks). 3. These countries agree not to increase (or to further reduce) deforestation in subsequent commitment periods. 4. Baseline revised after 20yrs. 5. Only a portion of the certificates might be valid for offsets in first period. Others could be valid for second and subsequent commitment periods.

24 Compensated Reduction of Deforestation Baseline: km 2 Reduction of Deforestation Dialogue on Future /88 * 88/89 89/90 90/91 91/92 92/94 ** 94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01 01/ Source: INPE 2003 * Decade mean ** Biennium mean % reduction of deforestation = ~ 5% Avoided Emission: mean of 12 Million Tons C/yr

25 Thank you! Photo by Patrick McFeeley