Name: Class key. Period: The Living Environment 14-15

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Esmond Burke
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1 Name: Class key Period:

2 Chapter 5 Part 1 assignments Pages/Sections Date Assigned Date Due

3 What is Biodiversity? Objective: Describe and define the concept of biodiversity. Biological Diversity (Biodiversity) o _Biodiversity_ the variety of species in a certain area. o The simplest and most common measure of _biodiversity_ is the number of different species that live in a certain area. o Areas around the world differ in biodiversity.

4 Where is Biodiversity? Objective: Describe and define Earths areas of biodiversity. Where is biodiversity found? o Biodiversity increases as you move toward the equator. o Tropical regions contain 2/3rds of all land species on Earth.

5 Biodiversity importance Objective: Describe why biodiversity is important in nature. Importance to nature o _Organisms_ are _interdependent_. o Organisms can be niches for other organisms. o Populations are adapted to live together in communities. o Scientists do know that if a species is lost from an ecosystem, the loss may have _consequences_ for other _organisms_ in the area. o Loss of biodiversity causes instability in ecosystems.

6 Species Diversity Objective: Describe and define the benefits of diverse species. Species diversity o Greater diversity = greater stability. o more food resources. o More habitats. o More resilience in face of environmental changes.

Importance of Diversity Objective: Describe the benefits of diverse species to humans. Importance to people o Biodiversity provides humans with food, clothing, shelter, oxygen, soil fertility, etc.

7 Importance of Diversity Objective: Describe the benefits of diverse species to humans. Importance to people o Biodiversity provides humans with food, clothing, shelter, oxygen, soil fertility, etc. o biodiversity could help breeders produce additional food crops. o Can be used to improve people s health- some of which may provide medical drugs. Ex: rosy periwinkle, used in anti-cancer medication.

8 Losing Diversity Objective: Describe the drawbacks to losing diverse species. Loss of Biodiversity o Extinction the disappearance of a species when the last of its members dies. o Extinction is a natural process and Earth has experienced several mass extinctions during its history. o However, the current rate of extinction is very high. o Example: 1/8th of all plant species are endangered, and some estimates put 140,000 species extinct per year.

species that causes their _populations_ to drastically decline.

9 Overexploitation Objective: Describe the threats to exploited species. Over-Exploitation o Over -_exploitation_ the excessive hunting or fishing of specific species that causes their _populations_ to drastically decline. o Over -_exploitation_ of species causes the loss of genetic diversity and loss in the relative species abundance in an ecosystem.

10 Overexploitation Objective: Describe the human results of exploited species. o reliance upon modern varieties of rice has caused more than 1,500 local rice species in Indonesia to become extinct. o Humans now rely upon just 14 species of mammals and birds to supply 90% of all animalderived food.

11 Losing Diversity Objective: Describe the drawbacks to losing diverse species. Loss of Biodiversity o A species is considered to be an _endangered_ species when its numbers become so low that extinction is possible. o When the population of a species is likely to become _endangered_, it is said to be a _threatened_ species.

12 Threats to Diversity Objective: Describe the threats to habitat for species. Habitat loss o The loss of tropical rain forests and marine habitats are especially devastating. Habitat fragmentation o Habitat fragmentation the separation of wilderness areas from other wilderness areas.

13 Name: Period: Carefully remove this sheet from your packet to hand in. Work silently and alone to complete this graded exercise. Check for Understanding 1. Describe how biodiversity is measured. a. 2. Explain where you would expect to find more biodiversity, New York, or Florida? a. 3. Describe one issue with losing biodiversity. a. (Cont d next page)

14 4. Could over-exploitation be limited? Explain. a.

15 Global Deforestation Objective: Describe the pattern of global deforestation. DEFORESTATION

grazing land, logging, or urban purposes. o Reduces biodiversity.

16 Deforestation Objective: Describe and define deforestation. Deforestation o _Deforestation_ changes a forest into an area used for grazing land, logging, or urban purposes. o Reduces biodiversity. o occurs even here in New York State when a new home or business is built. o Can occur _naturally_.

o Throws off the regulation of water balance and river flow.

17 Impact of Deforestation Objective: Describe the impact deforestation has on Earth. Impacts of Deforestation o Can degrade carbon storage. o Throws off the regulation of water balance and river flow. o Can cause regional climate patterns to change drastically over time. o increases effect of infectious diseases.

18 Rainforests Objective: Describe the importance of rainforests on Earth. Rainforests o _Rainforests_ are home to 2/3rds of all the living animal and plant species on Earth. o _Rainforests_ cover only a small part of the Earth's surface - about 6%, yet they are home to over half the species of plants and animals in the world.

19 Rainforest Protection Objective: Describe the importance of saving rainforests Solving deforestation o _restoring_ and _rehabilitating_ ecosystems. o funding rainforest conservation efforts. o expand protected areas.

20 Invasive Species Objective: Describe the introduction of non-native species. Introduced species invasive o People sometimes introduce a new species into an ecosystem, either _intentionally_ or _unintentionally_. o Invasive species can cause problems for the native species. o Invasive species can grow at an _exponential_ rate due to the fact that they are not immediately as vulnerable to local competitors or predators as are the established native species.

Invasive Species Objective: Describe the introduction of non-native species. invasive species new species by humans to a new area. o _transplanted_ populations grow _exponentially_ in new area.

21 Invasive Species Objective: Describe the introduction of non-native species. invasive species new species by humans to a new area. o _transplanted_ populations grow _exponentially_ in new area. o out - compete native species. o loss of natural controls. o lack of predators, parasites, competitors. o reduce diversity. o Examples: African honeybee gypsy moth zebra mussel purple loosestrife

23 Threats to Biodiversity Objective: Describe the threats facing biodiversity. Threats to Biodiversity o Habitat _degradation_ the damage to a habitat by pollution. o Three types of pollution are air, water, and land pollution.

24 Notes page:

25 Name: Period: Carefully remove this sheet from your packet to hand in. Work silently and alone to complete this graded exercise. Check for Understanding 1. Describe deforestation in your own words. a. 2. Compare the area covered by rain forests to the number of different species of organisms. a. 3. Explain why an invasive species may impact an ecosystem. a. 4. Describe habitat degradation.

26 a.

27 Notes page:

Section Objectives: Explain biodiversity and its importance. Relate various threats to the loss of biodiversity.

Section Objectives: Explain biodiversity and its importance. Relate various threats to the loss of biodiversity. Biological Diversity Biodiversity refers to the variety of species in a specific area. The