TeACH PROJECT. Technologies and tools to prioritize Assessment and diagnosis of air pollution. movable Cultural Heritage.

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1 TeACH PROJECT Technologies and tools to prioritize Assessment and diagnosis of air pollution impact on immovable and movable Cultural Heritage (contract n. ENV ) ) Adriana Bernardi Adriana Bernardi Coordinator

2 Basic IDEA of TeACH project Recent studies (e.g. EU projects :CARAMEL, VIDRIO, CULT-STRAT, MIMIC..) have shown that climate and pollutants (type and level) are changing. In particular: SO2 & acidic sulphate species have significantly reduced; NOx & O3 still need to be investigated; Traffic is the main cause of emission of carbonaceous particles, the driving factor of surface blackening and soiling Elemental e carbon (EC) is responsible s e for the blackening bac gof surfaces; carbon (OC) is increasing both in atmosphere and in damage layers.

3 Basic IDEA of TeACH project (cont.) The shift in urban atmospheres from a SO 2 dominated situation to a multipollutant one implies changes: future deposits and damage layers will be richer in organic compounds less SO 2, more organic compounds could enhance biological activity EC & OC concentrations must be measured they are responsible for surface colour changes, in particular surface yellowing (OC). In conclusion: the pollutants continue to change. this change needs to be monitored and its effects controlled with new and appropriate devices and tools.

4 Participants Abbr. Institute Country CNR-ISAC (coordinator) ICIE TECNO PENTA Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Cooperative Institute for Innovation TECNO PENTA s.r.l. Italy Italy Italy TECNALIA TECNALIA Spain ACCIONA UA ACCIONA Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp Spain Belgium NILU Norwegian Institute for Air Research Norway UCL Centre for Sustainable Heritage, University United College of London Kingdom HDK Dombauverwaltung Köln Germany MNK Kracow National Museum Poland

5 Work Packages in TeACH WP n WP title Lead Participant 1 Project and consortium management CNR - ISAC 2 Prediction of the pollutants in the changing near and future scenario & prioritization of the most important ones for protection of movable and immovable CH and effects on materials CNR - ISAC 3 Effects of predicted pollution on treatments UCL 4 5 Study of identified existing devices and their evaluation for integration in the kit Construction of a new device and a low cost kit including the improved existing sensors for the environmental control LABEIN TECNO PENTA 6 Software and services development for in loco and remote control ACCIONA 7 Application and instrumental validation in field tests UA 8 9 Modelling of indoor environmental conditions influencing the future damage of moveable and immovable CH Guidelines for the future prioritization of air pollution monitoring, dissemination, marketing, economic evaluation and exploitation NILU ICIE

6 The actual results WP2: to identify & prioritize the most important multi-pollutants causing damage to moveable and immovable assets Immovable Cultural Heritage Climatic parameters: rain amount, relative humidity (mean & cycles); temperature (mean & cycles); pollutants: SO 2, HNO 3,NO 2,O 3,,PM 10,PM 2.5, carbon fractions of PM (EC and OC), soluble salt fraction of PM (SO 4 2-,SO 3 2-,NO 3-,NO 2-,Cl -,Br -,HPO 4 2-,CHO 2-,C 2 H 3 O 2-,C 2 O 4 2- ), VOCs (acetic and formic acid); total elemental content in PM Movable Cultural Heritage Depends partly on the material from which the object is made and partly on the environment. First Pollutants to prioritize before a more detailed investigation: Outdoor Pollutants: NO X, O 3, SO 2, PM Indoor Pollutants : Acetic and formic acids, PM Climate parameters : RH, T, UV/Total light Others to be considered : H 2 SO 4, H 2 S, H 2 O 2, HCl/Cl -, VOC

7 WP3: to investigate the long-term behaviour and stability under real environmental conditions of : - selected protective coatings and consolidants (polysiloxane, wax and acrylic) applied on marble, sandstone and limestone outdoors The elaboration of the collected data are in progress and still not public ARRIAGA THEATER, BILBAO FLORENCE, ITALY SALÉ, MOROCCO - organic material (paper) indoor/outdoor The elaboration of the collected data are in progress KÖLN CATHEDRAL, GERMANY LJUBLIANA, SLOVENIA

8 WP4: to identify the existing devices in the market and built in previous EU project for the assessment and monitoring of damage on cultural heritage and to evaluate ways of improving their integration in a low- cost and user-friendly kit. The result was surprising: not a lot of devices were available for this aim 4 prototypes preliminarily selected from FP5 / FP6 projects. Dew sensor from VIDRIO Project was finally included in the kit: effect of condensation on soiling and blackening will be studied. and selected market products: devices for measurement of surface and air T and RH

9 WP5 & 6: to construct a new device to measure the colour change (yellowing /browning) due to the surface deposition of pollutants Results achieved The new device has been constructed: Consists of: Colorimeter TAOS with white LED s Electronic interface up to the gateway of the kit Mechanical arm with housing Slide gate and white calibration patch

10 WP5 & 6 (cont): to construct t a new low cost and user-friendly fi kitfor the outdoor monitoring of the overall damage of a surface to realise software solutions and interface systems for the control of the devices, in situ and from remote Results achieved The kit has been composed and installed The software and the interfaces have been realised The software, interfaces, web server, data bases and portal have been realised and are functioning

11 Tc Pt100 DEW SENSOR ELECTRONIC S ETHERNET The KIT POWER FEED + BATTERIES ELECTRONIC S ETHERNET TAOS ELECTRONIC S ETHERNET power MINI PLC CONTROL S ETHERNET ARM + ENCODER T-RH-Tot light ROOT NODE EMBEDDE D PC ETHERNET 3G ROUTER SWITCH REPEATER INTERNET UPS

12 INSTALLATION of the KIT Outdoor Indoor Museo dell Opera del Duomo Florence (Italy) Museo dell Opera del Duomo Florence (Italy)

13 WP5: to construct a new compact soiling and dust dosimeter for indoors measurements (A) based on the soiling/dust deposition on glass substrate photo-spectroscopic p p measurement WP8: to calibrate the MASTER EWO-G dosimeter towards environmental effects observed on inorganic materials (B) A: Passive dust samplers exposed to evaluate a new compact soiling and dust dosimeter for indoor measurements B: Exposures performed to calibrate the EWO against effects observed on inorganic materials

14 WP7: to perform field tests in 6 urban sites with different climates (5 European and 1 Mediterranean) to test the new technology in 3 sites (Cologne, Bilbao& Florence) in association with chemical and physical measurements done in parallel in the field and the lab National Gallery Oslo (Norway) Museo dell Opera del Duomo Florence (Italy) Cologne Cathedral (Germany) Arriaga Theatre Bilbao (Spain) National Museum Kracow (Poland) City walls, Salé (Morocco)

15 Air Pollution Monitoring and Effects on the surfaces Winter 2010/2011 Ex. pictures, Cologne, X Summer 2010 Winter 2010/ Black carbon COLOGNE 8-14 July 2010 carbon, μg/m3 Black c :00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed tration (ppm) concent CC2 CC4 CC8 CC9 CC10 CC11 CC13 CC14b Arriaga Theatre, Bilbao (Spain) Indoor/Outdoor Measurements Ozone (O 3 ) Acetic Acid Formic Acid

16 WP8: to adapt and modify an existing software (IMPACT) to predict the weathering of indoor material in relation to the change of outdoor pollutants Applying the IMPACT model to TeACH data is in progress National Gallery in Oslo (Norway) Material Surface: Glass (Ceiling), Soft Wood (Floor; Corch), Painted wood (Walls), Paintings INPUTS Pollutant outdoors Indoor temperature Relative humidity Outdoor temperature Wind speed Internal volume Material wall, floor, ceiling Area wall, floor, ceiling

17 WP9: to deliver guidelines for air pollution monitoring to support policy makers, end users in progress out out in outin in.... to do an economic evaluation of the benefits based on better management in the future (in progress) to contribute to the standards (a near future aim) to disseminate the results (in progress) Newsletter n.2

18 Many thanks t h t / Adriana Bernardi a.bernardi@isac.cnr.it