Wind energy production in cold climate 15 years ahead - part1

Transcription

1 Wind energy production in cold climate 15 years ahead - part1 Esa Peltola VTT (with acknowledgements to Kemijoki, KAT, Tunturituuli, Labkotec, Carbonel, FMI, Vapo EU-, IEA-projects partners etc) Winterwind, Norrköping,

2 VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND Late 1980 s Studies of power supply development in NW Lapland; options grid connection from central Lapland, local diesel generation, local generation or combinations of them (hydropower excluded, biomass not available), (VTT, communities) Studies on ski resort developments (showing often too cool climate for that (wind + chill)), (FMI, communities) Diversification of power supply in Lapland (Kemijoki Oy) Electric supply for telecommunication, test turbines (telecomm) 2

3 VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND The early years R&D programme NEMO Wind measurements ~1990 -> (FM)) Resource assessment in fjell areas, instrument behaviour and development Pyhätunturi, Hetta Technology development Testing of coatings (VTT) Development of TURBICE to study blade icing and design systems ice prevention or de-icing (VTT) De-icing principles (VTT) Field observations and measurements of icing and loads (VTT) Test turbines Pyhätunturi, 2,5 kw stand alone turbine 1991 (VTT, Kemijoki) Jyppyrä (Hetta) 65 kw grid connected test turbine, 1991 (Kemijoki), blade heating in

4 VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND Growing interest R&D programme NEMO VILKE-project (VTT, FMI, Kemijoki) Pyhätunturi test site with 220 kw grid connected test turbine 1993 Development of first blade heating solutions E.g. measurements and modeling of turbine performance and loading, performance of instruments, flow over hill Industrial projects After installation of blade heating in Jyppyrä test turbine Lammasoaivi, Finland, 2x450 kw grid connected 1996, 600 kw grid connected 1998, Kemijoki and VTT, demonstration Development of ice detection (Labko) EU-projects WECO, Kola Wind, New Generation Wind Turbine Blade, Winds in complex terrain Theoretical calculation (VTT -91) Pyhätunturi (VTT and Kemijoki -93) Lammasoaivi (VTT and Kemijoki -96) Goal Max heating demand Annual heating energy demand Heating system costs 4

5 VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND Technology for ice prevention developed in 1990 s Heating elements The first experiments were made using heating foils with conductive elements in Al or Cu inside thin epoxy films The later solutions are based on carbon fibre heating elements that are integrated into a blade structure Lamination of the elements was done to the surface of unfinished blades. After integration of carbon elements and lamination of protection layer for mechanical wear and tear the blades were coated normally. Control Combination of ice detection, temperature and turbine status Ice detectors used also alone for safety 5

6 VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND First commercial demonstrations Kemijoki Arctic Technology Oy continued the development of ice prevention system for wind turbines Fabrication process Control system, ice detection Projects Olostunturi, Finland, 5x600 kw grid connected, , Kemijoki Arctic Technology Oy, Suorva, Sweden, 600 kw, grid connected 1998 Rodåvålen, Sweden, 600 kw, grid connected 1998 Pori (Björneborg), Finland, 4x1 MW, 1999, with ice detector integrated in the blade developed by Labko Kotka, Finland, 2x1 MW, 1999 (JE-system dismantled in a blade repair in ~2003) More than 110 heating seasons using the same solution 6

7 VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND Activity since 2001 KAT and Kemijoki out of wind business O&M services VAPO Oy Heating system development for other applications Carbonel Oy Ice detectors mainly for safety (Labkotec Oy) R&D Technology follow-up, concept development, VTT EU-project NewIcetools (FMI, VTT, FFA/FOI,Teknikgruppen) IEA Task 19-collaboration (since 2003) COST 727 collaboration (since 2005) 7

8 Labkotec Ice Detector Product Family LID-3210C Control Unit and Ice Sensor LID-3210D Control Unit with: - Ice Alarm LED - Test button LID/IS Ice Sensor (2002 -> 2008) (1Q/2008 ->) (4Q/2008) Wind Cluster Sales Seminar

9 VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND Olos 5x600 kw follow-up of ice prevention practice Olos wind farm February 2008 Defect in the JE-System (turbine no 2) Blade in turbine no 3 Blade in turbine no 2 - Ice prevention in operation - Defect in the JE-System Photos: Raimo Huuhtanen, Vapo 9

10 VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND and the consequence Video: Raimo Huuhtanen, Vapo 10

11 VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND Wind energy in cold climate outlook Need: ice-free solutions for 1-3 MW variable speed turbines with modern control capabilities Steps Evaluation of wind resources and evaluation and verification of icing risks (work carried out partly within IEA Task 19) Performance of wind turbines in icing conditions, verification of models Technology and product development for ice free blades Demonstration in sites with different conditions Outlook Ice prevention in larger turbines more efficient (less losses) Size matters (see presentations of Wallenius and Homola) The need seems to grow 11

12 VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND Development needs Series production of the anti-icing system requires further development of the control of ice prevention system integration of heating element installation to the blade manufacturing process. Heated blades for a 2-3 MW size turbine require new dimensioning of the heating elements to improve the performance of the ice prevention system. An integration of control system to the turbines control system at some level would allow better optimization of heating energy. Higher level of integration of manufacturing process would improve the quality of work and reduce the amount of handwork. 12

13 VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND Contact VTT Esa Peltola Biologinkuja 5, PO Box VTT, Espoo, Finland

14 VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND VTT creates business from technology 14

15 Pioneering arctic wind power 15 years ahead part 2 Winterwind 2008 Tuesday, 9 December 2008 in Norrköping, Sweden Timo Laakso

16 Global trends driving the growth of cold climate wind energy National renewable energy targets Lack of other energy or renewable energy sources Growing importance of security of energy supply Increasing volatility of fossil fuel prices Overall awareness on environmental issues Employment and local development Improving cost competitiveness Technology development Higher cost of offshore wind 16

17 Installations per year [MW] Projected development of new installations share of cold climate? Other areas OECD Pacific South East Asia Europe Americas Forecast Source: BTM World Market Update 17

18 Annual installations [MW Comparison of projected offshore and cold climate installations Offshore (BTM Estimate) Offshore (Siemens estimate) Onshore Cold Climate (IEA Task 19) Turbines are and will be installed to areas where icing and low temperatures are outside the operational limits of standard turbines affect turbine operation The share of cold climate installations annually 4-6% of total installations in US, Canada, Europe and China Volume about the same as offshore installations If the cold climate market continues to grow at the same speed as markets on average the annual installations in cold climate around 3000MW in

19 Niche market spread around the world still in 2020? Market relatively small but seems to grow US, Canada, Germany, Scandinavian countries China? Are turbine manufactures interested in as long as more interesting less risky projects available? Will the market grow? Climate conditions different in different cold climate markets e.g. China versus Northern Europe The market is segregated to areras where either low temperature or anti- deicing or both are needed. 19

20 Foreseen technology development Onshore & Offshore related benefiting Cold Climate Cold Climate Specific Reliability of 3 to 5MW offshore wind turbines SCADA and remote control systems Access methods for maintenance of offshore turbines HVDC connections for large and remote offshore wind farms Forecasting of wind energy production in high wind penetration power systems Intelligent components and development maintenance New materials for large blades, e.g. composites Control of power quality Turbine technology to the low wind speed sites Series production and improvements in turbine reliability Ice prevention and removal technologies Low temperature materials Ice detection technology Standardisation of low temperature specific wind turbine technology 20

21 [ /MWh] Installation threshold of cold climate wind energy Austria Australia Denmark UK UK Offshore Estonia Germany Germany Offshore Spain Sweden Market price Premium Feed-in tariff Sertificates Offshore wind installations seem to start in some countries Onshore wind installations seem to start in various countries Cold climate wind installations seem to start in various countries 21

22 Features of cold climate project development in 2020 WIND POTENTIAL SURVEYS Expertise in wind measurements needed (anemometer choice, data collection security, met mast service, lidars) Correct methods in production forecasts (terrain conditions, icing losses, service losses) FEASIBILITY STUDY PHASE Low temperature and icing conditions during resource assessment Estimation of the effects of ice and low temperature on turbine production Effects of ice, snow and low temperature to maintenance Cold climate related uncertainties in energy yield calculations DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION Turbine selection, tested solutions available Turbines more reliable and maintenance not so much a issue 22

23 Visible future What is needed Successful demonstration of commercial cold climate turbine technology for ice removal and de-icing Cold climate development will not gather interest before real success stories New suppliers if cold climate market considered marginal by major turbine manufacturers Experienced developers that have actual cold climate experience are in key position considering future cold climate wind project 23

24 Conclusions The same global trends drive the development of cold climate wind power than drive wind market in general Global cold climate market spread around the world interest of turbine manufacturers still question mark Technology development will make the cold climate projects more profitable but the icing and cold climate specific issues need to be solved separately Onshore cold climate projects likely more profitable compared to offshore projects in near future in 2020 cold climate project development still more expensive than development of lowland undertakings as the fundamental differences do not change Size of the market and thus interest of turbine manufacturers is unclear today 24

25 Contact Pöyry Energy Oy Timo Laakso P.O. Box 93, Tekniikantie 4A FI Espoo, Finland Telephone: Fax:

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