Impacts of building performance monitoring on integrated energy management

Transcription

1 Impacts of building performance monitoring on integrated energy management K. Menzel University College Cork, School of Engineering F. Katzemich HSG Zander A. Mahdavi TU Wien, Dept. of Building Physics and Building Ecology

2 What are CAMPUS 21 and BaaS? THE APPLICATION VIEW CAMPUS 21 BaaS Sports Complex Assessment Services Stadium Monitoring Data Actuation Signals Midd dleware Prediction Services Optimisation Services Campus Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 2

3 What are CAMPUS 21 and BaaS? The DATA CENTRIC VIEW Reporting Maintenance Mgmt. Control Load Balancing Sensed & Metered Data o Data Mgmt. o Data Analysis o Data Processing o Procurement o Business Models Weather Data predicted historical BIM (product) Occupation Timetables (predicted) Access Control (historical) BIM (process) Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 3

4 What is Building Performance? o Building s Performance needs to be analysed holistically. o In case of CAMPUS21 we monitor two aspects of performance: 1. The User Comfort 2. The Energy used to provide certain comfort levels. Comfort Performance= Energy Consumption Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 4

5 Scale and Scope Owner Architect o Scale and scope of Performance Analysis depends on the stakeholder perspective Full Cost of Ownership Bldg. Comfort & Energy Cost Energy Cost Only Occupant User Systems-in-Systems Full Product Perspective Single System Component Manufacturer PPP-participant ESCO FM-Service Provider Operator Energy Provider Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 5

6 What are generally applicable KPI? o User and Operator perspective It is important to identify failure in delivering commonly agreed comfort levels. Service levels either determined by legislation or engineering/design standards. The evaluation of service levels depends on certain perspectives, such as: Location: Time: Organisation: Spaces with certain function Within a given time period A certain client, service provider, operator Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 6

7 Examples for Comfort KPI o The KPI used for PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS: Underperformance Time (UPT)... Defines the ratio of time underperforming to total operational hours Underperformance Ratio (UPR):... Defines the ratio of spaces underperforming to total spaces available Proportional Underperformance (UPP)... Defines the ratio of underperforming spaces per organisation to total spaces available to this specific organisation; Underperformance Index (UPI)... Defines the ratio of underperforming spaces serviced by a subsystem(s) to total spaces serviced by this subsystem(s); Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 7

8 Categories for User Behaviour o One can identify KPI covering multiple perspectives, such as: Occupation Density... Defines the ratio of real (measured) numbers of people occupying a space compared to the maximum number of possible occupants in a space. Occupation Density Category provides a grouping for the above to allow easier evaluation; e.g. more than 75%, 40 to 75%, less than 40% Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 8

9 QUALITY how SERVICES are delivered o The KPI distinguishes if component/sub-system/systems are active or inactive Absolute Use Intensity... Defines the ratio of real (measured or calculated) use to the maximal possible capacity of a component, sub-system, system Absolute Use Intensity Category... Provides a grouping for the above e.g. More than 75%, 40 to 75%, less than 40%) Workshop Campus21 / BaaS opage 9

10 Evaluation of of SYSTEMS INTEGRATION o Compared Use Intensity... Delivers a value indicating if different systems interact against each other. o Required Steps: Identify, what (sub) systems are installed in the building (on a Campus) Identify load cases and (e.g. Load Case 1: Use Heating and Cooling) Define rules characterising the interdependencies between the contributing systems (e.g. Heating should not be active when cooling is on ) Compare Use Intensities (UI) of contributing systems Classify result (good, critical, dysfunctional) Workshop Campus21 / BaaS opage 10

11 Evaluation of Energy consumed normalised Energy consumed o Metered Energy Consumption... Simply delivers the summary of meter readings for dedicated periods of time (daily, weekly, monthly, etc.) o Normalised Metered Energy Consumption... The normalised value using Degree Days as instrument to compensate for weather impacts. o Green Factor... Defines the ratio between energy from renewable sources (co-generated) and TOTAL energy consumed o Equivalent CO 2 -Emissions (ECE) ECE = f(energy Mix of {organisation}) Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 11

12 The Impact of Building Performance Monitoring (1) Organisation Either: Group Scale or Department Scale or Branch Scale or Company Scale or Best Practice Scale System Either: Hourly Scale or Daily Scale or Weekly Scale or Monthly Scale Either: Component Scale (CoP) or Sub-System Scale or System Scale or System-in-System Scale Time Either: Space (room) Scale or Building Storey Scale or Building Scale or Site (campus) Scale Advanced Building Control Location Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 12

13 The Impact of Building Performance Monitoring (2) Organisation Either: Group Scale or Department Scale or Branch Scale or Company Scale or Best Practice Scale System Either: Hourly Scale or Daily Scale or Weekly Scale or Monthly Scale Either: Component Scale (CoP) or Sub-System Scale or System Scale or System-in-System Scale Time Load Balancing Either: Space (room) Scale or Building Storey Scale or Building Scale or Site (campus) Scale Location Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 13

14 The Impact of Building Performance Monitoring (3) Organisation Either: Group Scale or Department Scale or Branch Scale or Company Scale or Best Practice Scale System Either: Hourly Scale or Daily Scale or Weekly Scale or Monthly Scale Either: Component Scale (CoP) or Sub-System Scale or System Scale or System-in-System Scale Time Failure Identification Either: Space (room) Scale or Building Storey Scale or Building Scale or Site (campus) Scale Location Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 14

15 The Impact of Building Performance Monitoring (4) Maintenance Management Organisation Either: Group Scale or Department Scale or Branch Scale or Company Scale or Best Practice Scale System Either: Hourly Scale or Daily Scale or Weekly Scale or Monthly Scale Either: Component Scale (CoP) or Sub-System Scale or System Scale or System-in-System Scale Time Either: Space (room) Scale or Building Storey Scale or Building Scale or Site (campus) Scale Location Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 15

16 The Impact of Building Performance Monitoring (5) Benchmarking Organisation Either: Group Scale or Department Scale or Branch Scale or Company Scale or Best Practice Scale System Either: Hourly Scale or Daily Scale or Weekly Scale or Monthly Scale Either: Component Scale (CoP) or Sub-System Scale or System Scale or System-in-System Scale Time Either: Space (room) Scale or Building Storey Scale or Building Scale or Site (campus) Scale Location Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 16

17 Normalisation o Most of the KPI can be calculated on a scale between 0:= worst case 1:= best case o This supports the introduction of combined evaluation criteria, such as Average Service Quality (ASQ) Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 17

18 o Finally, a Total Building Performance Indicator (TE) can be introduced. o This would allow for a generic benchmarking of building s performance from using a holistic perspective. TE= ASQ / (c /((Wgains W purchase) +k)) With TE >= 0 energy positive building TE = 0 ASQ=0 worst case TE <=0 energy consuming building Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 18

19 Summary o We have developed a methodology that can be used to evaluate building performance On different scales From different perspectives. o The integration of evaluation factors allows the evaluation of multiple systems on a larger scale and cross-organisational benchmarking. o Formulas provided for the calculation of integrated performance indicators are rather simplistic and need to be further developed. Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 19