Japan s Policy for Sustainable Development of Mineral Resources and Policy of Environment

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1 METI Japan s Policy for Sustainable Development of Mineral Resources and Policy of Environment February 6, 2014 Noboru Homma Deputy Director, Mineral and Natural Resources Division Agency for Natural Resources and Energy Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

2 Contents Ⅰ. What is Sustainable Mining Development in Japan? Ⅱ. Basic Concept of Mining Safety Law Ⅲ. Japan s Change in Pollution Characteristics and Severe Pollution Incidents Ⅳ. Japan s History Towards Sustainable Mining Development Ⅴ. Japan s Experience Regarding Pollution Control and Other Countries Ⅵ. 1 st Japan-Africa Ministerial Meeting for Resources Development Ⅶ. Japan s Four Basic Policies to Support African Countries Ⅷ. Japan s Initiatives for Promotion of African Resources Development 1

3 Ⅰ. What is Sustainable Mining Development in Japan Sustainable Mining Development (equals) Good balance between Mining Promotion and Mining Regulation for the country s development. Mining Promotion: Enhancing exploration, Mining, Smelting, etc. Mining Regulation : Enhancing safety, Pollution control, Environmental conservation, etc. It looks like the two wheels of a bicycle!! (The two wheels help each other) Mining Promotion (Mining Law) Mining Regulation (Mining Safety Law) Country s Development 2

4 Ⅱ. Mining Safety Law (Eextract) Mining Safety Law has two aspects. One is the regulation of mining and the other is the rational promotion of mining. (Law; Article 1) Purpose: To prevent harm to mineworkers and to prevent mining pollution and to develop mining resources rationally. (Law; Article 3) The term mining safety as used in this law means the following: -Preventing harm to people in mines -Protecting natural resources of mines -Protection of mine facilities -Preventing pollution caused by mining 3

5 Ⅲ. Japan s Change in Pollution Characteristics and Severe Pollution Incidents Late 1800s~ 1950s~ 1980s~ Mining Pollution Public Pollution Mining Pollution + Industrial Pollution such as air and water pollution from factories, automobiles, etc. Environment Problem Mining Pollution + Industrial Pollution + Global Problems such as global warming, acid rain, ozone hole, etc. Severe Pollution incidents Ashio Copper Mining Pollution incident (a type of poisoning caused by mainly sulfur dioxide from mines) Itai Itai Disease (a type of poisoning caused by cadmium from mines) Minamata Disease (a type of poisoning caused by methyl mercury from chemical plants) Niigata Minamata Disease (a type of poisoning caused by methyl mercury from chemical plants) Japan s Four Major Pollution Diseases Yokkaichi Asthma Disease (a type of poisoning caused by sulfur dioxide from chemical plants) No severe pollution incidents in Japan 4

6 Ⅳ. Japan s History Regarding Sustainable Mining Development Change in the Balance Between Promotion and Regulation with Law Establishment Poor Balance 3Mining Safety Law (1949) 2Rule of Mining Police (1892) 1Rule of Mining (1890) First Copper Mine in Japan (698) 1 2 World WarⅡ 3 Mining Law (1950) Old Mining Law (1905) Underground Mining Law (1873) 4Law of Water Quality Conservation in Public (1958) 5Industry Wastewater Regulation Law (1958) 6Smoke and Soot Regulation Law (1962) 7Basic Law for Public Pollution Control (1967) 8Air Pollution Control Law (1968) 9Water Pollution Control Law (1970) 10Waste Disposal and Public Cleaning Law (1970) 11Agricultural land soil Pollution Control Law (1970) 12Law on Special measures for Mine Damage Caused by the Metal Mining (1973) 13Basic Environment Law (1993) Japan s Economic Growth Mining Regulation Mining Promotion These laws strengthened the regulation of the Mining Safety Law Good Balance! 5 Sustainable Mining Development!!

7 Ⅴ. Japan s Experience of Pollution Control and Other Countries Japan s Four Major Pollution Diseases Itai Itai Disease (a type of poisoning caused by cadmium from copper mines) Minamata Disease (a type of poisoning caused by methyl mercury from chemical plants) Niigata Minamata Disease (a type of poisoning caused by methyl mercury from chemical plants) Yokkaichi Asthma Disease (a type of poisoning caused by sulfur dioxide from chemical plants) Other Public Pollution Serious damage to Japanese people and land in the 1950s,1960s, and 1970s Japan strengthened its environmental policy during the 1960s and 1970s. Regulations over water and air quality were enforced under new pollution control laws, resulting in a reduction of pollutants during the 1970s and 1980s. Japan has achieved Sustainable Development through a good balance of promotion and enhanced regulation. However, if these actions had been taken earlier, the costs incurred by the pollution could have been reduced substantially. Other countries can avoid such high costs attributed to policy delays by taking early action to improve their environment. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Japan s Support! 6

8 Ⅵ. 1 st Japan-Africa Ministerial Meeting for Resources Development1 7

9 9 Ⅵ. 1 st Japan-Africa Ministerial Meeting for Resources Development2

10 Ⅶ. Japan s Four Basic Policies to Support Africa 1. Measures for Promoting Resource Development and Investment for Infrastructure in Africa Financial incentives for Japanese companies to invest in African mining projects Support for infrastructure development contributing to resources development and economic development (e.g. power plants, water plants, ports and transportation) Measures for improving the investment climate in Africa 2. Measures for Strengthening the Basis of African Resources Industry, and Human Resource Development Human resources development & technical cooperation for the future of mining Joint geological surveys & exploration to clarify resource potential 3. Measures for Promoting Sustainable Resources Development in Terms of Environment / Safety Institution-building and technical cooperation for environmental protection and helath & safety of mine workers 4. Measures for Encouraging Symbiosis to Local Community Improvement of social welfare of local communities surrounding mining sites (e.g. schools, hospitals) Support for local economic development (e.g. agriculture, handicrafts) 9

11 Ⅷ. Japan s Initiatives for Promotion of African Resources Development 1. Measures for Promoting Investment for Infrastructure and Resources Development in Africa 1Providing Financial Incentives to Resources Project JOGMEC provides resources exploration / development projects (such as oil / gas, coal, and mineral resources) with financial incentives worth 2 billion dollars in the next five years. 2Promoting Infrastructure Development Contributing to Resources Development and Economic Development Japan supports for infrastructure development (e.g. power plants, water, ports, railways, etc.) contributing to resources development and economic development, in cooperation with African governments. 3Improving Investment Climate Japan and African governments establish policy dialogues for realizing transparent and stable investment climate. 2. Measures for Strengthening the Basis of Africa s Resources Industry and Human Resource Development 1Expanding / Promoting Human Resource Development and Technical Cooperation for Strengthening the Basis of African Resources Industry JOGMEC further expands / promotes human resources development and technical cooperation program at Botswana Geologic Remote Sensing Center. 2Joint Geological Survey & Exploration of Promising Sites Japan cooperates in a joint geological survey & exploration of promising sites found through human resource development and technical cooperation program at Botswana Geologic Remote Sensing Center. 3Other Human Resource Development Programs Japan continues human resource development programs for oil / gas and coal areas. 3. Measures for Promoting Sustainable Resources Development in Terms of Environment / Safety Cooperation in Institution-building for Environmental Protection and Health & Safety of Mine Workers Japan cooperates for institutional and technical development (by expert dispatch and training) for environmental protection at mine site and workers safety. 4. Measures for Encouraging Symbiosis to Local Community Support for Improvement of social welfare in Surrounding local Communities Japan encourages the Japanese private sector s activities by activating grass-roots aid for improving the social welfare of local communities surrounding mining sites. (e.g. schools, hospitals). Japan supports Japanese private sector s activities to develop the local economy. (e.g. agriculture, handicrafts) trainees in the next five years 10