International Class: A Holistic Methodological Approach in University Training

Transcription

1 International Class: A Holistic Methodological Approach in University Training Wulf Boie, Susy Simararangkir, Janak Shresta SESAM, University of Flensburg University of Flensburg, Auf dem Campus 1, Flensburg, Germany Boie@uni-flensburg.de

2 P= C p x ρ/2 x v³ x A a²+b²=c² H= l x sinα

3 Multidisciplinary Approach of SESAM Social Relations Politics Technology Economy International Relations Energy Environment Culture Skills Competencies Management Capabilities

4 quality control Knowledge management Kyoto strategic planning gender mainstreaming Team building Demand Forecast Clean development Mechanism Worldbank risk management Sustainability Least Cost Planning Johannesburg Environmental Management UNDP Climate Higher Education Change Environmental Forum Impact Assessment Capacity Factor Random sampling Solar Fraction Development Decades confidence interval Marginal Cost UNIDO Transmission Losses Energy Management IEA Net Present Value CO 2 Life Cycle Assessment Leadership Synergy Depreciation Interest Cash Flow Emission Trade Load Profile

5 Knowledge management Climate Change Demand Forecast Random sampling confidence interval Environmental Impact Assessment Life Cycle Assessment Environmental Management Load Profile Capacity Factor Investment Depreciation Interest Net Present Value Tony knows how to do it Gender Mainstreaming Ask Paola for help Clean Development Mechanism Contact Mohammed quality control

6 SESAM International Class in Scotland!Research project in a real life situation Targets: o collecting information and data o analysing information and data o developing options for further action o presenting results to partners!learning to apply knowledge from different disciplines!learning to apply social and technical research methods!learning to work in a team

7 Why an International Class in Scotland?!Language!Openness and interest of partner organsation Highlands and Islands Enterprise!Some development problems comparable to those of developing countries

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9 Area Economic Characteristics Sparsity of population - 9% of Scotland s people, 51% of the land 74 inhabited islands Dominance of SMEs 15% increase in overall population since 1960s, declining population in areas Lower than average wages

10 Opportunities! Diverse source of renewable energy o High sustainable wind speeds with load factors in excess of 50% o Tidals streams of up to 5 Knots o Wave regime from the Atlantic o Biomass, forestry, crops! Engineering skills legacy from (Oil and Nuclear)! A capable human resource.

11 HIE area of Responsibility! Supporting Business.! Business and Skills development! Strengthening Communities oculture o Community Land Development o Regeneration - Community Enterprise - Community Energy Unit

12 Project Based Learning Approach of International Class 1. Defining the project!selection of research sites and discussion of scope with partners!detailed definition of research topic by students during preparation class (in discussion with partners)

13 Project Based Learning Approach of International Class 2. Preparing the project!collection of information about research site and topic during preparation class!elaboration of a research plan!development of questionnaires, discussion guidelines etc.

14 Project Based Learning Approach of International Class 3. Accomplishment!Travel to Scotland!Introductory classes: Background Information about research sites and topics 1 week!collection of information on site through - household interviews - expert discussions - focus group discussions - site surveys - technical measurements 2 weeks!analysis of Information!Writing up report 2 weeks

15 Project Based Learning Approach of International Class 4. Presentation and Evaluation!Presentation of Report to Community and to Partner Organisation!Handing Over of Report!Final Evaluation of International Class!Instead of marks: appreciation and critics from community and partner organisation

16 Research Topics 2002/2003! Replacing oil and coal for heating by local biomass on the Isle of Eigg! Acceptance of a biomass district heating scheme in the village of Kinlochleven! Improvement of the management of a stand-alone Hydropower scheme on the Knoydart peninsula! Electricity supply of scattered households on the Knoydart peninsula with renewable energy! Improvement of electricity supply on the Isle of Rum by expansion of the existing hydropower plant and energy efficiency measures

17 Knoydart Knoydart peninsula 22,250 hectare Knoydart Estate 6,880 hectares March 1999 Knoydart Foundation bought Knoydart Estate for 750,000

18 Objectives and Work Plan What is the present and future energy situation of the households connected to the hydro scheme? Interviews Households and businesses Key persons of hydro scheme Energy Audits in selected households Site visits How can the performance of the hydro scheme be improved? Analysis of information gathered, in order to come up with technical and managerial suggestions for improvement

19 Knoydart Hydro Scheme Knoydart Hydro is community owned company and it is managed by a board of directors Hydro scheme was established in 1978 and recently refurbished Peak Daily Load : 166 kw (at ) Some technical detail: Installed Capacity: 280 kw, etc.

20 Present Situation! 35 households are connected to the hydro scheme (26 permanent private houses,5 holiday houses, 4 public houses, 5 under construction) Electricity Consumption!Residential Average installed power : 8,1 kw/hh Average Used electricity 7,290 kwh/year Tariff: 8ppu incl. VAT!Commercial Average installed power: 20 kw/hh Average Used electricity : 23,453 kwh/year Tariff: 8ppu excl. VAT!58 % of consumers have own standby generator

21 Present Electricity Production Energy, kwh Installed Capacity Peak Power, 280 kw 2.3 Mill. Used Electricity ,788 % 78 % Plant factor 14 % Potential to increase plant factor: extension to 20 HHs, utilisation of off -peak power (night storage heating), grid connection

22 Space Heating Fuel Mix for Space Heating 3% Energy source for space heating (%HH) 23% 3% 32% 39% 1 source 2 sources 3 sources 4 sources 5 sources Kerosenne Electricity Fuel wood Average Space Heating Demand : - Permanent House : 26,022 kwh/year - Holiday House : 12,560 kwh/year LPG Ot her Coal 6% 13% 23% 42% 42% 71% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

23 Future Priorities for Energy Supply First Priority for Space Heating System 23% 3% 45% 29% Private Grid Others No anw ser

24 Future Priorities for Energy Supply First Priority for Space Heating System 23% 3% 45% 29% Private Grid Others No anw ser

25 Important Factors for Energy Supply Cost of Electricity Reliability Less maintenance Environment Quiet Operation Independence

26 Suggestions and Options!Improvement of the organisational structure of the hydro board!skill enhancement!off-peak night hours Heating Tariff!New Billing Method (meter reading once per year)

27 Suggestions and Options!Community-owned diesel generator as backup system for hydro scheme!connecting the hydro scheme to the national grid!local extension of the grid

28 Airor Joiner s Croft Doune Sandaig Samadalan Inverguseran Introduction Reidh an Daraich Sandaig Doune Joiner s Croft Airor Samadalan Inverguseran Reidh an Daraich Inverie Power House Grid

29 Inverguseran Samadalan Airor Joiner s Croft Doune Sandaig Reidh an Daraich Investigate different renewable energy options at different offgrid properties in Knoydart in order to reduce the dependency on Diesel Generator. Extension of Grid Hydro Power Solar Wind Biomass Objective Inverie Power House Grid

30 Renewable Potential Extension of Grid Solar Wind Hydro Power

31 Knoydart Hydro Electricity Generation,Sales & Losses Average Load : 51 kw Load factor : 18% Energy Losses (T&D) : 19% Energy Available/Y Projected Electricity Production/Y Electricity Sales/Y kwh losses/y

32 Loss Reduction Option In Knoydart Hydro Distribution System (Rearrangement Of Transformers) 25.00% 20.00% Existing Situation Transformer Rearrangement 15.00% 30% Loss Reduction 10.00% 6% Annual Saving (Oppurtunity for 6 households) 5.00% 0.00% % kwh Losses % kwh Saving

33 Summary Result of Distribution Expansion Planning Scenario Total peak power Load, kw Power loss in the feeder, kw Total power to be supplied, kw Plant Capacity, kw Deficit/Surplus Power, kw % Energy Losses (lines + transformers) % Voltage drop at the end of the main FEEDER Peak load with 100% Coincident factor at 1% annual load growth for 10 years Pessimistic % 1.80 Peak load with 75% coincident factor at 1% annual load growth for 10 years Optimistic % 1.00

34 Economic Analysis of Grid Extension Average Incremental Cost Of Electricity supply [Generation(depreciated) + Xmission/Distribution] = 0.06 / kwh Present Average Electricity Tariff =0.09 / kwh Preconditions: 10% subsidy People s contribution is 2,000/property Calculation of minimum viable conditions for selfsustaining project

35 The team work experience with colleagues from different countries, how to get the job done and achieve the objectives and tasks of the research. How to apply the ideas and the knowledge that I gained through different seminars to the real practical situation. The realistic research and similarities to the situation in my own country What is the most important new experience that you gained during the international class? How to work in a team and how to behave among colleagues in order to work towards progress The opportunity to apply the knowledge acquired during the previous courses, even sometimes facing new topics that we had never dealt. How to tackle the problems of a settlement, how to design questionnaires and avoid mistakes doing it. Very good relationship between what we learned and the practice. I got the opportunity to compare between the rural people of my country and the rural people of a developed country. Sharing two weeks with people that you see 24 hrs a day, handling conflicts and trying to make the group work as a team..