Physics for Decision Makers:! The Global Energy Crisis!
|
|
|
- Logan Welch
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Physics 105! Fall 2010! Physics for Decision Makers:! The Global Energy Crisis! Lecture 15 Pollution! and Transportation! Reading! Chapter 6 - Wolfson! Page 2 1
2 Page 3 Real World: Cost benefit analysis!!! How much is a human life worth?! -!Willingness-to-pay model! -!How much will you pay to do! -!Depends on the question! 2
3 How much will you pay for 10 extra years of life?! 1.! $100! 2.! $1,000! 3.! $10,000! 4.! $100,000! 5.! $1,000,000! 6.! $10,000,000! How much will you pay to reduce risk of death by 10%?! 1.! $100! 2.! $1,000! 3.! $10,000! 4.! $100,000! 5.! $1,000,000! 6.! $10,000,000! 3
4 Insurance model - earning potential!!!government regulations! -!Human life is worth 1-5 M$! -!Depends how old you are! -!Depends on your level of education! How much is an animal s life worth?!! How much is a natural feature worth?! What is the top cause of death listed below! 1.! Cancer! 2.! Drowning! 3.! Falling! 4.! Firearm assault! 5.! Heart disease! 6.! Motor vehicle accident! 7.! Pedestrian accident! 8.! Stroke! 9.! Suicide! 4
5 What is the second leading cause of death listed below! 1.! Cancer! 2.! Drowning! 3.! Falling! 4.! Firearm assault! 5.! Heart disease! 6.! Motor vehicle accident! 7.! Pedestrian accident! 8.! Stroke! 9.! Suicide! What is the third top cause of death listed below! 1.! Cancer! 2.! Drowning! 3.! Falling! 4.! Firearm assault! 5.! Heart disease! 6.! Motor vehicle accident! 7.! Pedestrian accident! 8.! Stroke! 9.! Suicide! 5
6 Death continued.! Page 12 6
7 !! Page 13 Fossil Fuel Pollutants!!! Carbon Dioxide CO 2!!! Carbon Monoxide CO!!! Hydrocarbons!!! Nitrous Oxides No x!!! Particulates!!! Sulfur Dioxide SO 2!!! Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)!!! Ozone O 3!!!American Lung Association estimates 27,000 to 58,000 deaths per year from air pollution! 7
8 Fossil Fuel Pollutants!!! Carbon Dioxide CO 2!!! Carbon Monoxide CO: bad for people with heart disease! " " " " " "contributes to smog! " " " " " "current standard : 9 ppm! " " " " " "lethal: 800 ppm!!! Hydrocarbons!!! Nitrous Oxides No x!!! Particulates!!! Sulfur Dioxide SO 2!!! Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)!!! Ozone O 3!!!American Lung Association estimates 27,000 to 58,000 deaths per year from air pollution! Fossil Fuel Pollutants!!! Carbon Dioxide CO 2!!! Carbon Monoxide CO!!! Hydrocarbons - unburned fuel, evaporation of fuel! " " "contributes to smog - bad for lungs!!! Nitrous Oxides NO x!!! Particulates!!! Sulfur Dioxide SO 2!!! Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)!!! Ozone O 3! One old gas powered lawn mower running for an hour emits as much pollution as driving 650 miles in a 1992 model automobile!! American Lung Association estimates 27,000 to 58,000 deaths per year from air pollution! 8
9 Fossil Fuel Pollutants!!! Carbon Dioxide CO 2!!! Carbon Monoxide CO:!!! Hydrocarbons!!! Nitrogen Oxides NO x! -! main contributor to smog! from vehicles, electricity generation! "" " "!!! Particulates!!! Sulfur Dioxide SO 2!!! Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)!!! Ozone O 3!!! American Lung Association estimates 27,000 to 58,000 deaths per year from air pollution! The Car Pollution Problem!!!Low Combustion temperatures leave! fuel unburned Hydrocarbon emissions!!!high Combustion temps produce! Nitrous Oxides!!!Solution - Catalytic converter precious metals large area! -!Reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen:! xo 2 + N 2! -!Oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide:! 2CO + O 2 2CO 2! -!Oxidation of unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) to carbon dioxide and water: C x H 2x+2 + [(3x+1)/2]O 2 xco 2 + (x+1)h 2 O!!!Need computer control!!!need unleaded gasoline! Page 18 9
10 Fossil Fuel Pollutants!!! Carbon Dioxide CO 2!!! Carbon Monoxide CO:!!! Hydrocarbons!!! Nitrogen Oxides No x!!! Particulates (< 10-5 m) bad for lungs!!! Sulfur Dioxide SO 2!!! Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)!!! Ozone O 3!!! American Lung Association estimates! 27,000 to 58,000 deaths per year! from air pollution! Fossil Fuel Pollutants!!! Carbon Dioxide CO 2!!! Carbon Monoxide CO:!!! Hydrocarbons!!! Nitrogen Oxides NO x!!! Particulates!!! Sulfur Dioxide SO 2 : bad for lungs (can! "form sulfuric acid)!!! Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)!!! Ozone O 3!!! American Lung Association estimates! 27,000 to 58,000 deaths per year from! air pollution! 10
11 Acid Rain! Page 21 Acid Rain!!!SO 2 + O 3 -> SO 3 + O 2! "SO 3 + H 2 O -> H 2 SO 4 (sulfuric acid)!!!!typical rain : ph of about 5.6 (dissolved CO 2 )! -!In east rain ph 4.5 (vinegar = 2.9)! -!Recorded as low as 2.4!!!! kills forests/aquatic life!!! depends on local geology! -!Upstate NY Adirondacks especially vulnerable! 11
12 Acid Rain! Czech Republic! Maine Krakow, Poland Smokestacks!!!Kennecott smokestack (Utah)!!!Tallest structure west of the Mississippi!!! 4th tallest smokestack in world!!!built in 74 for copper smelting!!!emitted 48,000 lbs./hr SO 2!!!Refitted in 95 to recover gases!!!now emits a few lbs./hr!!!sells ~ million tons of Sulfuric acid each year! 12
13 Smokestacks!!!Kennecott smokestack (Utah)!!!370.4 meter (1,215 ft) high!!!tallest structure west of the Mississippi!!! 4th tallest smokestack in world!!!built in 74 for copper smelting!!!emitted 48,000 lbs./hr SO 2!!!Refitted in 95 to recover gases!!!now emits a few lbs./hr!!!sells ~ million tons of Sulfuric acid each year! Acid Rain! 13
14 Cap and Trade!!! Government sets total Cap on emissions!!! Distributes permits (e.g. one ton) to companies ( right to pollute ) usually based on existing pollution rates!!! Companies buy and sell permits!!! If Company A can reduce pollution for low cost, it is advantageous to do that and sell permits to company B!!! Advantages: sets total rates, but allows flexibility in achieving the goal!!!1990 Clean Air Act: cap-and-trade for SO 2! Cap and Trade SO 2!!!100% compliance!!! emissions 20% below limit!!!value of permits about 20% of expected!!! total costs 3-10X smaller than predicted! 14
15 Does the fact we managed SO 2 mean we can do the same for CO 2?! 1.! Yes! 2.!No! 3.! Don t know! Page 29 Physics Fall 08 SMOG!!!Photochemical smog! -!Sunlight + No x + VOCs = smog! -!Particulates + ground level ozone! -!Irritation of lungs! -!Aggravation of asthma! -!Reduced lung function! 15
16 Olympics - Beijing!!! 16 of the world s 20 most polluted cities are in China! 2006 test - ban 800,000 cars for 3 days (30% of traffic) amount of NO x dropped by 40% Transportation! 16
17 Transportation - 28% of US energy! 17
18 18
19 2009 prices of Gasoline Page 38 19
20 US gas prices Page 39 Page 40 20
21 Is gasoline significantly more expensive than in the 1950 s in real dollars! 1.! Yes! 2.! No! Page 41 Page 42 21
22 Price per Gallon! Gasoline $2.51 Milk $2.99 Coca-Cola $2.84 Gatorade $5.20 Evian Water $5.60 Orange Juice $6.64 Crisco Oil $7.44 Snapple $10.32 Olive Oil $51.04 Jack Daniels $ Page 43 Energy Usage in Transportation!!!Newton s Laws:! "1) body in motion stays in motion! "2) F = m a!!!you are driving at constant 60 mph!!!q: what is a?! " "A: 0!!!Q: then why does the engine need to run?! -!A: FRICTION! -!Microscopically: weak bonds are made and broken converts KE into thermal energy!! 22
23 Energy Usage in Transportation!!!Friction! " Rolling, Sliding, Static!!!In a car: engine; tires! -!Sliding or rolling friction:! -!F = µ m g : coeff. of friction X weight! -!If ma = f = µmg then the max a = µg!!µ slide << µ rolling! Aerodynamic Drag! Air is a fluid! - must expend energy to move air around vehicle! F = 1/2! C d A v 2! " "! is fluid density; C d is coeff. of drag; A is area;! C d = 1.17 for flat plate, 0.3 for good aero car, 0.9 for bicyclist! 23
1. The layer that contains most of the mass of the atmosphere is the. A. Stratosphere B. Troposphere C. Mesosphere D. Exosphere
1. The layer that contains most of the mass of the atmosphere is the A. Stratosphere B. Troposphere C. Mesosphere D. Exosphere 2. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant? A. H 2 SO 4 B. O 3 C.
Air pollution is caused by high concentrations of gases and particles emitted form combustion sources (vehicles, power plants, industries)
AIR POLLUTION Clean Air Act & Criteria Pollutants 7.1-7.5 Motor Vehicle Emissions: 7.8 Indoor Air and Box Models: 7.12 Air Pollution Meteorology: 7.10 Gaussian Plume Modeling: 7.11 1 Air pollution is caused
Layers of the Atmosphere. Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere
Air Pollution Layers of the Atmosphere Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Troposphere Composition Sea level 17km Composition 78% Nitrogen 20% Oxygen Other 2%... Water vapor Argon gas Carbon
What is air pollution?
Air Pollution 1 What is air pollution? Air pollution is a mixture of natural and man-made substances in the air we breathe. It is typically separated into two categories: outdoor air pollution and indoor
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 6 th Edition Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, 2008
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 6 th Edition Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, 2008 Chapter 2 ENERGY, ENERGY TRANSFER, AND GENERAL ENERGY ANALYSIS SUMMARY DR. MUNZER EBAID Dr. Munzer
Criteria Pollutants. Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ) Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
1) Sulfur dioxide 2) Nitrogen oxides 3) Carbon monoxide 4) Ozone 5) Particulates 6) Lead Criteria Pollutants Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ) SO 2 is a colorless gas that is formed from the combustion of sulfur-containing
Clean Air Act of 1970
Clean Air Act of 1970 Set National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), to protect public health and welfare Set New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), that strictly regulated emissions of a new source
COMPOSITON OF AIR. 78% Nitrogen (N 2 ) 21% Oxygen (O 2 ) 0.9% Argon 0.035% (CO 2 )
AIR POLLUTION COMPOSITON OF AIR 78% Nitrogen (N 2 ) 21% Oxygen (O 2 ) 0.9% Argon 0.035% (CO 2 ) Anything that negatively affects the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms.
Do Now pg 89. List 3 ways you think air pollution affects human health
Do Now pg 89 List 3 ways you think air pollution affects human health Lesson 15.2 Pollution of the Atmosphere Types of Air Pollutants Primary air pollutants: Released directly into the atmosphere; example:
Pollution: Los Angeles: Worst Air Quality in USA
Pollution: Contamination of natural environment w/ harmful substances as a consequence of human activities High enough concentration to interfere w/ Health (human & wildlife) Ecosystem processes (Nutrient
CHAPTER 18: AIR POLLUTION SOUTH ASIA THE ATMOSPHERE APES 2013
CHAPTER 18: AIR POLLUTION APES 2013 1 SOUTH ASIA ASIAN BROWN CLOUD - TWO MILES THICK AND IS ABOUT THE SIZE OF THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES COMPOSED OF 1/3 = DUST, SMOKE, AND ASH 2/3 = ACIDIC COMPOUNDS,
Name Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description.
Skills Worksheet Concept Review MATCHING In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description. 1. ground-level ozone 2. scrubber 3. radon gas 4. nitrogen oxides
Identify three common gaseous pollutants in air and state how each of these pollutants are produced.
1 Clean dry air contains mainly nitrogen and oxygen. (a) Name two other gases that are in clean dry air.. [2] (b) Air often contains pollutants. Identify three common gaseous pollutants in air and state
NATS 101 Section 13: Lecture 30. Air Pollution Part I
NATS 101 Section 13: Lecture 30 Air Pollution Part I How Beijing looked before the 2008 Olympics. Economic growth but at what environmental cost?? China s current industrial development is actually very
Chapter 20 Air Pollution
Chapter 20 Air Pollution Overview of Chapter 20 Atmosphere as a Resource Types and Sources of Air Pollution Effects of Air Pollution Controlling Air Pollution in the US Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere
GE 2211 Environmental Science and Engineering Unit III Air Pollution. M. Subramanian
GE 2211 Environmental Science and Engineering Unit III Air Pollution M. Subramanian Assistant Professor Department of Chemical Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering Kalavakkam 603
CE 213A Introduction to Environmental Science
CE 213A Introduction to Environmental Science Module D Air Pollution Dr. Anubha Goel FB 308, anubha@iitk.ac.in, x 7027 Nazaroff, Ch. 7 Air Pollution 2 Key Concepts Structure and composition of the atmosphere
PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION
PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION Some of the fuel (hydrocarbon) may not completely burn during combustion and therefore is released into the atmosphere along with the products. The products that are formed during
FABRICATION AND TESTING OF AUTOMOBILE POLLUTANTS ABSORBERS
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 5, May 217, pp. 3 35, Article ID: IJMET_8_5_32 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=8&itype=5
Critical Thinking ANALOGIES. ZEV b. air pollution : Clean Air Act c. ventilation : sick-building
Skills Worksheet Critical Thinking ANALOGIES In the space provided, write the letter of the pair of terms or phrases that best complete the analogy. An analogy is a relationship between two pairs of words
Announcements. Pollution week continues. Thinking about pollution. Why are polar bears so contaminated?
Announcements Grades for exam 2 have been posted March 7 th - Last day to submit LEAD summary to TA, extra credit videos due next Tuesday (no late videos will be accepted) Next Thursday, Environmental
Air Pollution. Introduction. Natural Air Pollution
Air Pollution Introduction Anything in the atmosphere that decreases quality of life for organisms Can be chemical, particulate, biological Generally restricted to the troposphere Both natural and anthropogenic
The Threat of Air Pollution
Chapter 13: Air Pollution The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12 th Lutgens Tarbuck Lectures by: Heather Gallacher, Cleveland State University The Threat of Air Pollution The Threat of Air
Americans make the equivalent of round
AIR POLLUTION CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering Prof. Tim Ellis January 18, 2008 Air Pollution Factoids Americans make the equivalent of round trips to the moon each year in their automobiles.
Overview of Chapter 19
19 Air Pollution Overview of Chapter 19 Atmosphere as a Resource Types and Sources of Air Pollution Effects of Air Pollution Controlling Air Pollution in the US Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere Acid
CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering Prof. Tim Ellis
AIR POLLUTION CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering Prof. Tim Ellis January 25, 2008 Seven Major Pollutants of Concern 1. P 2. S Oxides (SO X ) 3. O 4. N Oxides (NO X ) 5. Carbon M (CO and other
Final Revisions to the Primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 )
Final Revisions to the Primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) General Overview Office of Air and Radiation Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards January 2010
Air Quality and Climate Protection in Fort Collins
Air Quality and Climate Protection in Fort Collins April 29, 2010 Lucinda Smith Natural Resources Department City of Fort Collins How Would YOU Rate Outdoor Air Quality in Fort Collins? Not Sure Very Good
An Overview of Air Pollution Issues
An Overview of Air Pollution Issues Richard Valentinetti Vermont Agency Natural Resources 18 October 2007 Air Pollution Control In Vermont: Three Problems -- 1. Criteria Air Pollutants 2. Air Toxics 3.
Section 4 The Air We Breathe
Section 4 The Air We Breathe Key Concept Air is an important natural resource that is affected by human activities. What You Will Learn Air pollution is caused by human activities, such as burning fossil
Environmental Science 101 Air Resources. Fall Lecture Outline: Terms You Should Know: Learning Objectives: Reading Assignment:
Environmental Science 101 Air Resources Fall 2012 1 Lecture Outline: 10. AIR POLLUTION A. The Atmosphere An Introduction B. Background Information About Air Pollution C. Six Principal Pollutants D. Air
Greenhouse Effect. How we stay warm
Greenhouse Effect How we stay warm The Sun s energy reaches Earth through Radiation (heat traveling through Space) How much solar radiation reaches Earth? The Earth s surface only absorbs 51% of incoming
Air Pollution. Air Pollution 3/11/2015. Our Atmosphere IS a Resource. March 10, 2015 Mr. Alvarez
Air Pollution March 10, 2015 Mr. Alvarez Air Pollution Air Pollution- the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter or microorganisms into the atmosphere at concentrations high enough to harm plants,
9th Period Environmental Science Chapter 15: The Atmosphere
Section 15.1: Earth s Atmosphere 9th Period Environmental Science Chapter 15: The Atmosphere Properties of the Atmosphere: nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and 1% other gases. air pressure is higher at the
OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION POLLUTANTS THAT AFFECT HEALTH
OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION POLLUTANTS THAT AFFECT HEALTH What is our air made of? Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% Water Vapor 0.01% at poles, 4% at tropics Argon less than 1% CO 2 0.038% Trace of particulates, CH 4
1/14/15. You must explain why your answer is correct. Please write the page number in your book that supports your explana9on.
1/14/15 You must explain why your answer is correct. Please write the page number in your book that supports your explana9on. Use the index of your book to help you. Homework Pollu0on Chapter 12 sec0on
Air Pollution occurs when harmful levels of particular gases, fumes and contaminants are released into the atmosphere from human activities.
COPY Mr. Rocco Air Pollution occurs when harmful levels of particular gases, fumes and contaminants are released into the atmosphere from human activities. COPY Natural: forest fires, pollen, dust storm
WELCOME TO PERIOD 12: CONSEQUENCES OF USING CHEMICAL ENERGY Homework #11 is due today.
WELCOME TO PERIOD 12: CONSEQUENCES OF USING CHEMICAL ENERGY Homework #11 is due today. Midterm 1 grade curve: A 29-33: 17% (of 166 students) B 25-28: 34% C 20-24: 32% D 15-19: 14% E 0-14: 3% Average score
POLLUTION FROM MOTOR VEHICLES
POLLUTION FROM MOTOR VEHICLES Urgency of development of environment-friendly, cleaner system for road transport: A. Introduction: Pollution from motor vehicle is the single largest source of air pollution
C H A P T E R E I G H T E E N
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 1. The Atmosphere layers, some major processes 2. Urban Air Pollution photochemical & industrial smog 3. Regional Air Pollution from Acid Deposition acid deposition, consequences, solutions
D.C. Agrawal President, D.C. Agrawal Consulting, LLC Princeton, New Jersey
Return on Investment for High Speed Rail Climate Change, Air Quality Health Impacts, and other Benefits D.C. Agrawal President, D.C. Agrawal Consulting, LLC Princeton, New Jersey High Speed Rail Reduces
Chapter 15 Air Pollution and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Chapter 15 Air Pollution and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Friedland and Relyea Environmental Science for AP, second edition 2015 W.H. Freeman and Company/BFW AP is a trademark registered and/or owned
Name Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description.
Skills Worksheet Concept Review MATCHING In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description. 1. ground-level ozone 2. scrubber 3. radon gas 4. nitrogen oxides
NITROGEN OXIDES (NO-NO 2 )
NITROGEN OXIDES (NO-NO 2 ) What is NOx? Where, when and how is it formed? What are its dangers? Are NO 2 emissions regulated? How can we get rid of it? What is the warning threshold for NO pollution? Here
Environmental Toxicology
The Science of Chemical Safety Essential Toxicology - 3 Environmental Toxicology John Duffus & Howard Worth IUPAC Educators Resource Material IUPAC 1 Environmental Toxicology Large exposures to chemicals
7.1 BICYCLE RIDERSHIP Estimated Current and Increased Bike Ridership
CHAPTER 7 7.1 BICYCLE RIDERSHIP 7.1.1 Estimated Current and Increased Bike Ridership 7.2 IMPROVED AIR QUALITY 7.2.1 Annual Pollution from 7.2.2 National and State Ambient Air Quality Standards 7.2.3 Ozone
Module 1: An Overview of Engine Emissions and Air Pollution Lecture 2: Engine Emissions and Air Pollution. Engine Emissions and Air Pollution
Engine Emissions and Air Pollution The Lecture Contains: Principal Engine Emissions Sources of Engine/Vehicle Emissions Emissions and Pollutants Photochemical Smog Photochemical Reactivity of Hydrocarbons
Chapter 2 ENERGY, ENERGY TRANSFER, AND GENERAL ENERGY ANALYSIS
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach Seventh Edition Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, 2011 Chapter 2 ENERGY, ENERGY TRANSFER, AND GENERAL ENERGY ANALYSIS Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,
MODULE I. Learning Objectives
MODULE I Learning Objectives To make the students aware of history of air pollution; definition of air pollution and various types of sources and classification of air pollutants. Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lecture
Lecture 17. Air Pollution. Lecture 17
Lecture 17 Air Pollution Lecture 17 1. Atmosphere Origin 2. Atmosphere as a Resource 3. Types and Sources of Air Pollution 4. Effects of Air Pollution 5. Controlling Air Pollution 6. Ozone Depletion in
Air Pollution. Dr. Sireen Alkhaldi, DrPh Community Medicine, First semester 2018/ 2019 Faculty of Medicine/ The University of Jordan
Air Pollution Dr. Sireen Alkhaldi, DrPh Community Medicine, First semester 2018/ 2019 Faculty of Medicine/ The University of Jordan Learning Objectives 1. To understands the significance of air pollution.
Chapter: Conserving Resources
Table of Contents Chapter: Conserving Resources Section 1: Resources Section 2: Pollution Section 3: The Three Rs of Conservation *Problems related to the use of Fossil Fuels Limited availability Pollution
3/4/2014. Air Pollution. Chapter 15 Air Pollution and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion. Major Air Pollutants. Primary Pollutants
Air Pollution Air pollution- the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or microorganisms into the atmosphere at concentrations high enough to harm plants, animals, and materials such as buildings,
Air Pollution Sources Overview. Amy Roberts, Division Manager January 24, 2019
Air Pollution Sources Overview Amy Roberts, Division Manager January 24, 2019 Types of Air Pollutants Criteria Pollutants Particulate Matter Nitrogen Dioxide Ozone Carbon Monoxide Lead Sulfur Dioxide Air
Air as our most pressing physical need--essential to human life minute-to-minute. Atmospheric Structure Air is a gaseous mixture of mostly nitrogen
A.F.E.W AIR Air as our most pressing physical need--essential to human life minute-to-minute. Atmospheric Structure Air is a gaseous mixture of mostly nitrogen (78 percent) and oxygen (21 percent) along
NY-GEO Electrify Your Heat 2592
NY-GEO-2017 Electrify Your Heat 2592 John D. Manning, PE April 19, 2017 Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA
Fundamentals. Air Pollution. Motor Vehicle Emissions
Fundamentals of Air Pollution and Motor Vehicle Emissions Outline The History of Air Pollution Air Pollution Today Why Control is Difficult The Impact of Motor Vehicles The Clean Air Act and EPA How Vehicles
Air Pollution. Dr. Deniz AKGÜL Marmara University Department of Environmental Engineering
Air Pollution Dr. Deniz AKGÜL Marmara University Department of Environmental Engineering Atmospheric Composition: Dry air within several kilometers of ground level consists of 2 major components Nitrogen,
PHYS Energy and Environmental Physics
PHYS 1211 - Energy and Environmental Physics Lecture 5 Fossil Fuels II Oleh Klochan This Lecture Energy Content of Fossil Fuels Problems with Fossil Fuels Production issues Pollution Availability Hydrocarbons
Chapter 19: Air Pollution and Noise. Living and Working in a Healthy Environment
Chapter 19: Air Pollution and Noise Living and Working in a Healthy Environment 19.1 Air: The Endangered Global Commons Air is a renewable resource cleansed by natural processes and regenerated by living
Chapter: Conserving Resources
Table of Contents Chapter: Conserving Resources Section 1: Resources Section 2: Pollution Section 3: The Three Rs of Conservation Chapter 19 Section 1- Natural Resources What are fossil fuels? *Fossil
Ambient Air Quality Basics. NSEL Air Quality Forum 2006 Johnny McPherson, Air Quality Technologist
Ambient Air Quality Basics NSEL Air Quality Forum 2006 Johnny McPherson, Air Quality Technologist Chemistry basics; Atmospheric structure and processes; Pollution source, transformation, and fate; Monitoring.
Earth s Atmosphere. Air Quality. 7. If no humans lived on Earth, there would be no air pollution.
CHAPTER 4 LESSON 4 Earth s Atmosphere Air Quality Key Concepts How do humans impact air quality? Why do humans monitor air quality standards? What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide
Indoor Air Pollution. Indoor air pollution can be an even greater health threat than outdoor air pollution. Common pollutants often
Indoor Air Pollution Indoor air pollution can be an even greater health threat than outdoor air pollution. Common pollutants often. Smoke 4 Most Hazardous Indoor Pollutants Formaldehyde: Asbestos: Outgassed
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DDT DDT DDT POLLUTION HISTORY. Environment. Throstur Thorsteinsson 1. Throstur Thorsteinsson
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DDT 1947 Throstur Thorsteinsson ThrosturTh@hi.is First synthesized in 1874, DDT's insecticidal properties were not discovered until 1939, and it was used with great success in the
3. LOCAL CALAMITIES EVER INCREASING
1 3. LOCAL CALAMITIES EVER INCREASING Man causes Pollutions How many hands do the six types of pollutions? Land 14 Billion (7 billion x 2 ) What is the world Population? Space Water 7 Billion Food Humans
Environmental Science- W. Berkeley Kauffman
1. Why is the breast milk of Inuit women living in pristine northern areas higher in PCBs than women living farther south? A) These women consume PCB laden foods imported from the US and elsewhere. B)
TRANSFER, AND GENERAL ENERGY ANALYSIS ENERGY, ENERGY. Chapter 2. Mehmet Kanoglu. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 6 th Edition
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 6 th Edition Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, 2008 Chapter 2 ENERGY, ENERGY TRANSFER, AND GENERAL ENERGY ANALYSIS Mehmet Kanoglu Copyright The McGraw-Hill
The Implications of Importation of Used Vehicles on the Environment
Global Journal of researches in engineering Automotive engineering Volume 12 Issue 1 Version 1.0 February 2012 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals
Air Emissions 101. What are Some Types of Emissions? Oil & Gas Emissions: In Context VOC
Oil & Gas Emissions: In Context Air Emissions 101 What are Some Types of Emissions? CO2 - Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and is formed as one of the major products of combustion. CH4 - Methane, also
Air Quality Program
M E D I A PA C K A G E Air Quality Program www.broward.org/pollutionprevention/airquality Agency Overview: Table of Contents Agency Overview 2 Did You Know? 3 Criteria Air Pollutants 4 Air Quality Index
What is California Cleaner-Burning Gasoline and Why is Flexibility Required in California?
What is California Cleaner-Burning Gasoline and Why is Flexibility Required in California? March 1999 California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board Overview History of California s vehicle
Environmental Fact Sheet
United States Environmental Protection Agency Air and Radiation EPA420-F-98-007 April 1998 Office of Mobile Sources Environmental Fact Sheet Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles and the Environment
MEDIA PACKAGE. Pollution Prevention, Remediation and Air Quality Division
MEDIA PACKAGE Pollution Prevention, Remediation and Air Quality Division www.broward.org/pollutionprevention Agency Overview: Broward County is located within the United States Environmental Protection
History of significant air pollution events
Ch17 Air Pollution A thick layer of smoke and haze covers Santiago, Chile. History of significant air pollution events Many of the worst air pollution episodes occurred in the last two centuries in London
Frumkin, 2e Part Three: Environmental Health on the Regional Scale. Chapter 12: Air Pollution
Frumkin, 2e Part Three: Environmental Health on the Regional Scale Chapter 12: Air Pollution History of Air Pollution Since human beings discovered fire, they began to pollute the air. At first, air pollution
Air Pollution and the Human Body Group Activity
Air Pollution and the Human Body Group Activity Once presenter has reviewed all power-point slides from Air Pollution Basics, the participants should be introduced to this group activity. 1. We will be
Air quality in the vicinity of a governmental school in Kuwait
Air Pollution XVI 237 Air quality in the vicinity of a governmental school in Kuwait E. Al-Bassam 1, V. Popov 2 & A. Khan 1 1 Environment and Urban Development Division, Kuwait Institute for Scientific
Air Pollution. tutorial by Paul Rich. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP
Air Pollution tutorial by Paul Rich Outline 1. The Atmosphere layers, some major processes 2. Urban Air Pollution photochemical & industrial smog 3. Regional Air Pollution from Acid Deposition acid deposition,
Air Pollution. Asian Brown Cloud. Developed Countries have reduced emissions recently
Study Questions 1. Compare and contrast primary vs. secondary pollutants, giving examples of each. 2. Compare and contrast indoor vs. outdoor pollution, listing specific examples and sources of each. 3.
Chapter 17 Air and Air Pollution
Chapter 17 Air and Air Pollution The Atmosphere Each layer characterized by abrupt changes in temperature, the result of differences in the absorption of incoming solar energy. Troposphere: Weather Breeder
Ethanol and Air Quality in Minnesota
Ethanol and Air Quality in Minnesota Presentation to the Minnesota Senate Environment Committee Joel Schwartz Visiting Fellow American Enterprise Institute February 2005 jschwartz@aei.org Air Pollution
Alternative Fuels, How to improve air quality
Alternative Fuels, How to improve air quality 1 1 1 1 1 1 Introduction Nearly one-fifth of pollution in the USA is caused by cars and trucks. Fossil fuel-powered transportation is the primary contributor
4/12. There is so much pollution in the air now that if it weren t for our lungs there d be no place to put it all. Robert Orben
4/12 There is so much pollution in the air now that if it weren t for our lungs there d be no place to put it all. Robert Orben Chapter 15 Air Pollution and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Air Pollution
Pollution Prevention, Remediation and Air Quality Division
M E D I A PA C K A G E Pollution Prevention, Remediation and Air Quality Division www.broward.org/air Agency Overview: Table of Contents Agency Overview 2 Did You Know? 3 Criteria Air Pollutants 4 Air
Air Quality & Health. Our Atmosphere. ENVIR 202: Lesson No. 14. Lesson 14: Air Quality February 6, ENVIR 202: Population & Health 1
ENVIR 202: Lesson No. 14 Air Quality & Health February 6, 2006 Chuck Treser University of Washington Program on the Environment ENVIR 202: Lesson 14 1 Our Atmosphere Spaceship Earth Protects Us Loss of
Applications of Acids, Bases, and Neutralization Reactions
Applications of Acids, Bases, and Neutralization Reactions Agricultural Impacts and Uses The successful growth of plants in agriculture depends on many conditions that must be met for optimal plant growth.
The atmosphere. The atmosphere is layered. Inversions affect air quality 3/2/2015. The sun influences weather and climate
The atmosphere Chapter 13 Atmosphere Absorbs radiation and moderates climate Transports and recycles water and nutrients Human activity is now changing the amount of some gases CO 2, methane (CH 4 ), ozone
Chapter 15 Air Pollution and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Chapter 15 Air Pollution and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Air Pollution Air pollution- the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or microorganisms into the atmosphere at concentrations high enough
Chapter 13. Air Pollution
Chapter 13 Air Pollution Kuala Lumpur Beijing, China, 2008 Perspective Air pollution is not a new problem Pollution sources can be divided into two main classes 1. Created by Humans 2. Natural Pollution
Directed Reading. Section: Global Change. than in the rest of the United States. b. In the United States and Canada, many lakes are dying as their ph
Section: Global Change In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1. Scientists have discovered that acid rain is caused
Lecture 29 Air Pollution. Air Pollution. Clean Boundary Layer. Clean Boundary Layer
Lecture 29 Air Pollution Air Pollution Conditions that promote air pollution episodes Ozone Hole Air Pollution Elevated levels of aerosols and harmful gases Most pollution enters atmosphere near the surface.
Engine behavior using mixtures of gasoline - ethanol
RECENT ADVANCES in ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT Engine behavior using mixtures of gasoline - ethanol CHARALAMPOS ARAPATSAKOS Department of Production and Management Engineering Democritus University of Thrace
Knocking Over Pollutants
Lesson 5- Air Pollution Knocking Over Pollutants Background Information The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established national ambient air quality standards for six air pollutants- ozone,
An Introduction to Air Quality
An Introduction to Air Quality Learning Goals "We came all this way to explore the Moon, and the most important thing is that we discovered the Earth - William Anders After this lesson, you will be able
Maryland Clean Air Progress Report
Maryland Clean Air 217 Progress Report In 216, it was hot. Really hot. Maryland experienced the sixth-warmest summer ever recorded. Despite that type of weather -- which usually ushers in high levels of
Locomotive Emissions Regulations Consultation Paper
Locomotive Emissions Regulations Consultation Paper Transport Canada Background Canada is a large and beautiful country. Its many natural resources have helped us develop a strong economy. And while Canada
ChE 505 Chapter 1N revised 01/17/13
ENVIRONMENTAL REACTION ENGINEERING 1.1 Introduction Chemical reactions play a key role in generation of pollutants (e.g. combustion of fossil fuels) as well as in pollution abatement (e.g. automobile exhaust
Tips for Final Project
Tips for Final Project Check with us before starting in earnest on your project. Address all parts of the assignment and look at the grading criteria. Provide references for your facts, i.e., crude produced
CITY OF SPOKANE VALLEY Request for Council Action
CITY OF SPOKANE VALLEY Request for Council Action Meeting Date: July 28, 2015 Department Director Approval : Item: Check all that apply: consent old business new business public hearing information admin.