WEISS - The Water Emission Inventory planning Support System

Transcription

1 WEISS Training syllabus WEISS - The Water Emission Inventory planning Support System Leen Van Esch, Inge Uljee and Guy Engelen VITO, Environmental Modelling Unit Idzi Hubrechts and Greet Vos Flemish Environment Agency July 2013

2 All rights, including copyright, to the information contained in this document are owned by the Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (Flemish Institute for Technological Research) NV ( VITO ), Boeretang 200, BE-2400 Mol, RPR Turnhout VAT BE The information as provided in this document is confidential information of VITO. This document may not be copied, distributed or used in whole or in part to initiate claims, conduct legal proceedings, for advertising or anti-advertising and for communication in general, without the prior written permission of VITO;

3 CONTENTS Exercises General Remarks 4 Exercises Part 1 5 Exercise 1 5 Exercise 2 9 Exercise 3 13 Exercise 4 14 Exercises Part 2 15 Exercise 5 15 Exercise 6 19 Solutions 21 3

4 Exercises General Remarks For the exercises, the WEISS manual constitutes a useful and often also necessary tool. In the exercises, reference will regularly be made to parts of the manual for additional information, via the symbol. Instructions are indicated by a bullet. Blue text designates the name and location of the input files to be used. Answers to the questions are given in this exercise syllabus at the back. Carrying out all exercises will generate files requiring some 22 Gb in hard disk space. The software may malfunction when this storage space is not available. The demonstration version of WEISS can be applied to other case areas equally well. The following built-in maxima apply: o Number of substance groups: 3; o Number of substances within a substance group: 5; o Number of Emission Explanatory Variables: 30, o Number of sectors: 7; o Number of sub-sectors level 1 per sector: 7; o Number of sub-sectors level 2 per sub-sector level 1: 7; o Number of sources per sub-sector level 2: 5. For further information concerning WEISS and its application, please contact: o Greta Vos at VMM, g.vos@vmm.be, or o Guy Engelen at VITO, guy.engelen@vito.be 4

5 Exercises Part 1 Exercise 1. Filling an empty WEISS system with emission sources (Solutions p. 18 -> 19) In Exercise 1, we start by filling a WEISS application with point sources. We have chosen this working method to quickly obtain a fully functional application with a sufficient amount of data, enabling the user to become quickly familiar with the WEISS functionality. This is neither the standard way of working nor does it illustrate the real strength of WEISS, which resides above all in the way in which it deals with diffuse sources. The latter aspect is covered in Exercise 2. Objective In Exercise 1, we start from an 'empty' Flemish WEISS application 1. This means that only the size of the study area, the spatial resolution at which calculations will be performed, and the transport routes are known. The purpose of Exercise 1 is to fill WEISS with the E-PRTR point sources and the estimations 2 of the corresponding sectors. This will be done by means of specific input buttons for the point sources and the estimations. To the effect, we will start with an Excel table that has been exported from an existing database. This is the typical way of proceeding. It is important to check the correct format of the input tables before they are loaded into WEISS. Note that when automatically importing point sources and estimations, only emissions for substances present in the list of substances of the WEISS application will be imported. This list of substances must therefore be created first. In this exercise, we will only use the metals copper, lead and zinc. Necessary information Table pointsources:./flanders/gis_data_demo/130409_aw_weiss_input_puntlozingen_2010_eprtr.xlsx Tables estimations:./flanders/gis_data_demo/eev_data/estimations/2010/evv_estimations_2010.xlsx./flanders/gis_data_demo/ef/estimations/2010/ef_estimations_2010.xlsx What is known when opening Flanders.ini? The size of the study area, the spatial resolution at which calculations will be performed, and the transport routes. 1 This application is developed solely for demonstration and training purposes, hence, the emission data provided or computed should not be used, nor be interpreted to represent real emission figures of the companies or sectors mentioned in the text. 2 The concept Estimations refers to the remaining emissions of the same sectors as the point sources, for sources whose individual emissions are not known. These are additional estimates to allow the sector to be represented in full in WEISS. Estimations are diffuse sources, where the size of the source (the so-called emission explanatory variable) is estimated on the basis of the water use. For each sector, specific emission factors per unit of water are estimated. 5

6 Flanders: raster with coordinate of the lower left raster point (22.000; ), 950 rows and 2400 columns, calculation resolution 1 ha => coordinate of the upper right raster point ( ; ). This means a raster of 2,280,000 cells in which individual calculations can be made. 3.1 Opening an existing version, 4. Data input and 6. Transport to surface water Step-by-step plan Double-click EISS.exe (present in the Bin folder) Open Flanders.ini (present in the Flanders folder) Go to the Substances screen in the Emissions section and add the substance group Metals. Within this group add the metals Copper (symbol Cu t), Lead (symbol Pb t) and Zinc (symbol Zn t). These three substances will be expressed in grams. The five last columns are informative and need not be filled in at this stage. Go to the Sources section and add the point sources. Go to the Sources section and add the estimations (hint: see manual for info on the two input tables to be used). Questions 1.1 The source structure is hierarchically built up in a number of levels. What is the maximum number of levels that is built up in WEISS? 1.2 How many grams of lead are discharged annually by transport company Volvo Cars Gent (Metal industry sub-sector)? 1.3 When several sampling locations are present within the same company, they are all individually registered in WEISS because they each have different locations and emissions. How many sampling locations are present at the Electrabel Kerncentrale Doel (a nuclear power plant, Electricity, heat & natural gas sub-sector) and is this point source a sewage discharger or a surface water discharger? 1.4 An estimation is a diffuse source, which is estimated by multiplying an Emission Factor (EF) by an Emission Explanatory Variable (EEV). What is the EEV for the estimation of the Food manufacturing sub-sector? What unit is used to express the corresponding EFs? 1.5 Indicate on the attached substance flow chart the transport route for the substances from: 6

7 A) The point source Volvo Cars Gent (Manufacturing of vehicles) 6. Transport to surface water / Transport routes of point sources and Transport routes of estimations B) The point source Lano (Textile industry) sewerage present and linked to a WWTP with operational rainwater discharge pipe. On the sewerage there is also an active overflow. 7

8 C) The estimation Manufacturing of Paper and paper products at an industrial estate with sewerage not yet linked to a WWTP and where no overflow is present. 8

9 Exercise 2. Add a number of individual diffuse sources and choose the best method to locate their gross and net emissions as accurately as possible. (Solutions: p. 20 -> 25) Objective In addition to the estimations, Flanders has many other diffuse sources that cannot be loaded into WEISS with a single import routine because they require a specific approach. The level of detail with which the gross and net emissions can be computed, in fact, depends primarily on the available data. In this exercise, four diffuse sources are entered into WEISS. These have been selected so as to optimally illustrate the spatial allocation capabilities of WEISS. Source 1: Wear of passenger car tyres on regional roads (hint: this is a linear source) Source 2: Domestic waste water (hint: the number of inhabitants is known per hectare cell for a raster that coincides with the raster of WEISS Flanders) Source 3: Corrosion of the plumbing system in terraced housing (hint: the emission factor for this source is not a number, but a map covering the whole of Flanders and taking into account regional differences) Source 4: Leaching from antifouling of moored seagoing vessels (hint: the location of the various Flemish ports is described in a raster file with a unique number for each port) 4. Data input, 5. Geographical distribution of diffuse sources, 6. Transport to surface water and 7. Calculation and analysis Step-by-step plan Add the four new diffuse sources to the existing source structure (see available data for the four diffuse sources) + QUESTION 1 Still in the Sources tool, fill in for each diffuse source the parameters of the transport routes (Pathway), the emission factors and the efficiency of the individual treatment based on the available data. The setting of the rain sensitivity may be ignored (default = not specified or 100). Define for each diffuse source the spatial pattern of the emission explanatory variable by means of the EEV tool. Also choose an appropriate name for each EEV and define the unit in accordance with the emission factors. For guidance, use the available data for each source and the manual to choose the dimension of the source and then the correct algorithm for the spatial distribution. Finally, add the dimension and name of the EEV for the four diffuse sources in the Sources screen. 9

10 Available data for the four diffuse sources Source structure Source 1 Transport / Road traffic / Wear of tyres / Wear of tyres on regional roads Source 2 Source 3 Source 4 Population / Households / Domestic waste water Infrastructure / Housing and parcel design / Corrosion plumbing system / Corrosion plumbing system terraced houses Transport / Commercial shipping / Leaching antifouling / Leaching antifouling seagoing vessels Transport parameters and if applicable, also the efficiency of the individual waste water treatment Source 1 100% via runoff Source 2 100% via the sewerage. If a separate rainwater system exists, there is no path via the stormwater basin. If there is no sewage system, then the assumption is made that individual treatment is applied all over with 50% efficiency Source 3 Same as source 2. Source 4 The source is already in the water. EF (a point (.) is to be used as decimal separator character. Maps for source 3 can be found in /Flanders/GIS_data_demo/EF/Corrosion plumbing system) Unit Cu t Pb t Zn t Source 1 g/million km Source 2 g/inhabitant Source 3 g/building terr_houses_cu.asc terr_houses_pb.asc terr_houses_zn.asc Source 4 g/moored seagoing vessel Available data EEV Source 1 Source 2 - Location of the regional roads in a shapefile: (./GIS_data_demo/EEV_data/Regional roads/aws_regional_roads.shp) - Statistics on the number of kilometres travelled by cars on provincial roads, expressed in million km per municipality: (./GIS_data_demo/EEV_data/Driven kilometres/evv_nisg.dbf). Each municipality is characterized by a unique number, called NISCODE. - Map of the region with the definition of the municipalities in raster format: (./GIS_data_demo/Area_subdivisions/Municipalities/ggr.asc)./GIS_data_demo/EEV_data/Population/population.asc 10

11 Source 3 Source 4./GIS_data_demo/EEV_data/Buildings/terraced_houses.asc - Statistics on the number of stationary vessels for the ports of Antwerp, Ghent, Ostend and Zeebrugge: (./GIS_data_demo/EEV_data/Moored seaships/evv_moored_seaships.dbf) - Map of the region with the Flemish ports in raster format: (./GIS_data_demo/Area_subdivisions/Ports/ports.asc) Questions 2.1 What is the meaning of the symbol:? 2.2 Which algorithm was chosen to distribute the EEV of source 1? What does the result look like on the map? (Via Compute / Map in the EEV tool) 2.3 For the colouring of the map a default legend classification is used. The colours can later be adjusted by the user. How many classes are there in the default legend classification? 2.4 Why are virtually all regional roads displayed in green? 2.5 Which algorithm was chosen to distribute the EEV of source 2? What does the result look like on the map? 2.6 What is the maximum number of inhabitants per hectare cell in Flanders? 2.7 Which algorithm was chosen to distribute the EEV of source 3? What does the result look like on the map? Does the input map for the distribution of the number of terraced houses match the spatial settings of the WEISS system for Flanders (hint: an asc file can be viewed via Notepad)? 2.9 Which algorithm was chosen to distribute the EEV of source 4? What does the result look like on the map? 2.10 How many moored seagoing vessels were taken into account for the port of Zeebrugge in 2005? (hint: a DBF can be opened in Excel) 11

12 Have the EEVs of these four sources been added in the Sources tool? This is a requirement for the next exercises. 12

13 Exercise 3. Add the year 2012 in WEISS and import the list of E-PRTR point sources of (Solutions: p. 26) Objective In WEISS, different versions can be stored alongside each other. They can be versions within the same year and versions for different years. Alongside version 2010_a, in which we have input all of the above sources, we now want to set up a version for the year 2012, in which only the point sources will be updated. For this, a new list from the E-PRTR is available. For the purpose of this exercise it is assumed that the diffuse sources, which we defined in version 2010_a, will remain unchanged in To transfer these sources to the new version, version 2010_a is protected against changes ( Lock version ) so that the new version can be based on the old one. 8. Version management Available data:./gis_data_demo/130409_aw_weiss_input_puntlozingen_2012_eprtr.xlsx Step-by-step plan Be sure to lock version 2010_a in version management. Create a new version 2012_a based on version 2010_a*. Add the new list of point sources of Questions 3.1 How can a locked version be recognised? 3.2 How many zinc emissions are reported by the Slachthuis Geel (an abattoir, sector Industry subsector Manufacturing of food ) in 2010? And by the Slachthuis Vanlommel (another abattoir). 3.3 How many zinc emissions are reported by the Slachthuis Geel in 2012? And by the Slachthuis Vanlommel? 3.4 Which version is referenced with the emission factors of the diffuse sources? 3.5 What happens to the version number when the emission factor of a diffuse source is changed? 13

14 START THE EMISSION CALCULATIONS OF VERSION 2010_a: for all substances and for all sectors Do not save the maps in ascii, i.e. do not check the Write ascii maps box! Exercise 4. Add new estimations in version 2012 and examine how the VITO land use map with a 50 m resolution was used to locate the corresponding water usage in Flanders as accurately as possible (e.g. for the Trade sub-sector). (Solutions: p. 27) Available data Tables estimations 2012:./Flandes/GIS_data_demo/EEV_data/Estimations/2012/EVV_Estimations_2012.xlsx./Flanders/GIS_data_demo/EF/Estimations/2012/EF_Estimations_2012.xlsx Questions 4.1 Which land uses were taken into account to map the water usage of the Trade sub-sector? 14

15 Exercises Part 2 Exercise 5. Analysis of WEISS calculations (Solutions: p. 28 -> 33) Objective Having entered the emission sources, we can now proceed with the analysis of the results. For the sources entered in part 1 of the exercises it will take about 20 minutes to calculate all the steps of the substance flow chart for all substance-source combination, starting from the gross emission map (emission factor x emission explanatory variable) to the net emission map. Using the tools from the Analyses group, we can view the results in the form of four different tables, a number of maps and a mass balance shown in the substance flow chart. 7. Calculation and analysis Available data./gis_data_demo/area_subdivisions/municipalities/ggr.shp./gis_data_demo/area_subdivisions/municipalities/ggr.asc./gis_data_demo/area_subdivisions/municipalities/ggr.dbf./gis_data_demo/area_subdivisions/vha/subcatchment.asc./gis_data_demo/area_subdivisions/vha/subcatchment.dbf Step-by-step plan Start the calculations via Compute in the Analyses tool group. (QUESTION 5.1 & QUESTION 5.2) View the results via the Flow chart tool. To view the results quickly, each time focus on the source level. o For the source 'Leaching antifouling seagoing vessels (Transport/Commercial shipping/leaching antifouling seagoing vessels) and the substance copper. (QUESTION 5.3) View the map 'Gross emission to water' by clicking the mass balance of the node with the same name. (QUESTION 5.4) Add the polygon version of the municipal map (GGR.shp) in the 'Gross emission to water' map to facilitate finding localities on the map (via Map Catalogue / Overlays). In the 'Gross emission to water' map, change the legend to four classes, class boundaries between minimum and maximum with scale division Quantiles, labels without digits after the digital point and a green-to-red colour palette. (QUESTION 5.5 & QUESTION 5.6) o For the source 'Wear of tyres on regional roads' and the substance lead. (QUESTION 5.7) o For the source 'Domestic waste water' and the substance zinc. (QUESTION 5.8) 15

16 View the map 'Gross emission to water'. This is a raster map with a 1 ha resolution ( Total ). Next create a choropleth map representing the municipalities. For this conversion you need the raster version of the municipal map, which must be entered via the Map Catalogue / Areal subdivisions button. The raster file is named ggr.asc. Name it Municipalities in the WEISS application. In the selection bar, replace Total by Municipalities to create the choropleth map. (QUESTION 5.9 & QUESTION 5.10) View the results with the Top 10 tool. (QUESTION 5.11 & QUESTION 5.12) o To view the results for a specific areal subdivision (e.g. by municipality), the raster version of this map must be defined in the Map Catalogue / Areal subdivisions. This has already been done in the previous step for the conversion from the raster map to the choropleth map. Since the numbering of the municipalities on the raster map is of little use in the tables, it is best to add the corresponding names here as well. This must be specified in the menu Areal subdivision under the item Names (optional) (Zone properties: GGR.dbf, Field id: Fgem_nisnr and Field name: NAAM). (QUESTION 5.13) View the results with the Gross / net tool. o Add the sub-basins as areal subdivision (raster subcatchment.asc and subcatchment.dbf to assign a name (BEKNAAM) to the number (BEKNR) on the map). Colour the lines in blue. (QUESTION 5.14) View the results with the Net emission tool. (QUESTION 5.15 & QUESTION 5.16) View the results with the WWTP tool. (QUESTION 5.17) Questions 5.1 In which folder are the computed maps saved? How many gigabytes are involved? For each substance-source combination, a binary map is saved for each node of the substance flow chart. How many maps and corresponding nodes are there for each substance-source combination? Flow Chart: Which transport route is used to determine the net emission map (Surface waters)? How many tons of copper on an annual basis are involved? Flow Chart: In addition to the mass balance in each node of the substance flow chart, the underlying maps can be consulted by clicking the node. This does only apply for the nodes of a specific colour. Which?. 16

17 5.5 Flow Chart: On the gross emission map of copper for the source 'leaching antifouling seagoing vessels', four unique emission values are present. The emissions for each Flemish port are in fact equally distributed within the raster contours. Rank the Flemish ports from small to large according to leaching per unit of surface area, and also indicate the emission value Flow Chart: Is there a difference between the gross emission map and the net emission map for the source 'leaching antifouling seagoing vessels'? Why? Flow Chart: Why does a substantial part of the emissions from the source 'Wear of tyres on regional roads' end up in the surface water via the WWTP? Flow Chart: How many zinc emissions end up in the sewerage for the source 'Domestic waste water'? And how many in the private drain? Is the treatment efficiency in individual treatment higher than the average treatment efficiency of the WWTPs? Flow Chart: Create the choropleth map representing the municipalities of the gross emissions to water for zinc originating from the Domestic waste water. Find the municipality with the highest value. How much zinc per unit of surface area is emitted here? Flow Chart: Search the legend file you have just created when opening the choropleth map (in.\flanders\legends). What is the name of this file and how does it differ from the raster version? Top 10: What are the three main emission sources of copper in Flanders? For this, view the contribution at the Surface waters level (net emissions), aggregate the sources up to the subsub-sector level (so that point sources and estimations are added together), and convert the unit from gram to ton. (Note: the list of sources is not complete in this version of WEISS) Top 10: Does the Flemish Top 3 of copper also apply at the source (gross emissions)? (List of sources is not complete) Top 10: Does the Top 3 of net emissions for copper also apply for the municipality of Antwerp? (Note: this requires a few minutes of calculation time.).. 17

18 5.14 Gross/net: In which Flemish sub-basin are the net emissions for copper higher than the gross emissions for the energy sector? How can this be explained and which point source is partly responsible for this? Net emission: For the substance lead, what is the most important transport route to surface water for the various sectors? Industry:. Energy:... Trade & services:. Transport:. Infrastructure: Net emission: For the substance copper, in which sub-basin does the Not linked to urban WWTP account for the greatest share of emissions (sum across all input emission sources)? There is still room for optimization here when the sewerage is linked to a WWTP. (List of sources is not complete) WWTP: Based on the input emission sources, how many kilograms of zinc are modelled with the WEISS system at the Adinkerke WWTP?... What quantity is measured annually at this WWTP?... What does a percentage of more than 50% mean? 18

19 Exercise 6. Setting up a version for a new study area (Solutions: p. 34) Objective All of the above exercises were carried out in the WEISS system for Flanders. Based on the available data and the needs of the Flemish Environment Agency, the study area was demarcated by defining a raster of a specific size (= covering the whole of Flanders) and a specific spatial resolution. WEISS can, of course, also be set up for another study area and filled with the data available for such study area. The size of the study area and the accuracy with which the emission sources are known will be the determining factors in choosing the calculation resolution of the application. In the above exercises, a resolution of 1 ha was used, but the cell size can be any number (e.g. 50 m or 1000 m). To preserve the manageability of the system (disk space, calculation time, analysis time), the study area should preferably not exceed 10,000 km² for a resolution as high as 50 m. It is best to use a study area that is as self-contained as possible so as to minimise cross-boundary runoff and sewerage problems. In this exercise, a new WEISS application is set up for one specific Flemish waste water treatment area, notably that of Ruddervoorde. It has a surface area of 28 km². We choose to calculate at a 50 m resolution. Next, a raster has to be superimposed on the waste water treatment area so that it includes the boundaries of the treatment area plus preferably some additional margin (e.g. one kilometre). 3.2 Starting WEISS for a new study area Available data Bounding box of the Ruddervoorde waste water treatment area in the Lambert 72 projection system: Left: m Top: m Bottom: m Right: m Step-by-step plan Use the menu option File/New to build a new WEISS application for Ruddervoorde (QUESTION 6.1 & QUESTION 6.2) Questions 6.1 Determine the geographical extent of the WEISS system for Ruddervoorde. Choose a proper origin for this 50 x 50 m raster and determine the correct number of rows and columns so that the raster covers the complete Ruddervoorde waste water treatment area plus some extra margins at its borders. Raster origin: Lower left X coordinate: Lower left Y coordinate: Number of columns: Number of rows: 19

20 6.2 When opening a new version, a number of default files and folders are created. What is the meaning of these files and folders? 20

21 Solutions Exercise 1 Substances screen Answer 1.1: The sources are classified in a structure of maximum four levels. Answer 1.2: g Pb Answer 1.3: The Doel Nuclear Power Plant has six sampling locations. It is a surface water discharger. Answer 1.4: Water consumption Manufacturing of food (m³) in g/m³ Answer 1.5: A) Volvo Cars Gent: Oppw, via Private drain, Individual WWTP without removal. B) Lano: RIO, via Sewer system, Urban WWTP, Treatment Basin and Storm water Basin and Overflow C) Manufacturing of paper and paper products: Sewage system, Not linked to Urban WWTP 21

22 A, B, C A A B, C B C A B B B 22

23 Exercise 2 Answer 2.1: a diffuse source for which the emission explanatory variable has not been defined yet Answer 2.2: Linear distribution 23

24 Answer 2.3: Seven classes Answer 2.4: Because the classification into classes is based on a linear scale, consisting of seven equal intervals calculated between the minimum and the maximum of the dataset. Answer 2.5: Plane / Read raster 24

25 Answer 2.6: 803 inhabitants Answer 2.7: Plane / Read raster 25

26 26

27 Answer 2.8: Yes, the number of rows, columns, location of the lower left corner point of the raster and size of the cells all match the settings for WEISS Flanders. The input map is therefore suitable for use in WEISS. Answer 2.9: Plane / Areal weighted distribution 27

28 Answer 2.10: 4843 seagoing vessels 28

29 Exercise 3 Answer 3.1: A 'locked' version can be recognised by the asterisk at the end of the name. In addition, all input data are greyed out, so they can no longer be modified. Answer 3.2: g zinc emissions for the Slachthuis Geel; 27, g for the Slachthuis Vanlommel. Answer 3.3: 3065 g (fictitious value) for the Slachthuis Geel, the Slachthuis Vanlommel no longer appears on the list (fictitiously deleted from the E-PRTR list) Answer 3.4: version 2010_a Answer 3.5: The version number then changes from 2010_a to 2012_a. 29

30 Exercise 4 Answer 4.1: Sector SS611 has a weight of 1 for the land uses 'Wholesale', 'Retail', 'Port', and Small businesses and self-employed people'. The other urbanised land uses are also taken into account, but with a very low weight (factor ). 30

31 Exercise 5 Answer 5.1: in the folder./flanders/emissions/2010_a Answer 5.2: 27 maps for each substance-source combination Answer 5.3: Water network and groundwater, 9.44 tons Answer 5.4: Only the blue coloured nodes allow the underlying map to be viewed in addition to the mass balance. The other nodes of the transport route are coloured grey. When substances exit the system (via removal, infiltration into the soil, to the air, to the outside area, etc.), the route is displayed in red. Answer 5.5: Ghent (1,356 g/ha), Zeebrugge (1,443 g/ha), Antwerp (2,150 g/ha) and Ostend (32,081 g/ha) 31

32 Answer 5.6: No, the emissions remain in the same location because they are already in the water. Answer 5.7: Because in WEISS the link between runoff and sewerage is taken into account via the socalled 'gully-holes map'. The chart below shows the substance flow chart for 'Wear of tyres on regional roads'. Answer 5.8: 4.2 tons of zinc in the sewerage and 0.4 tons of zinc in the private drain. The treatment efficiency in the Individual WWTP is 50% (set parameter). The average treatment efficiency of WWTPs is 75% (2.63 tons/3.52 tons). 32

33 Answer 5.9: 23.7 g/ha for the municipality of Mortsel. Answer 5.10: A separate legend file is stored for the raster map and for the choropleth map with municipal division. The file of the raster map is named:.\flanders\legends\gross emission to water Zn t Domestic waste water Total.txt That of the choropleth map is named:.\flanders\legends\gross emission to water Zn t Domestic waste water Municipalities.txt Answer 5.11: Flemish Top 3 Net emissions: 1. Leaching antifouling; 2. Households; 3. Manufacturing of basic chemical products Answer 5.12: Flemish Top 3 Gross emissions: 1. Households; 2. Leaching antifouling; 3. Corrosion plumbing system 33

34 Answer 5.13: No, number 3 is different for the municipality of Antwerp: 1. Leaching antifouling; 2. Households; 3. Corrosion plumbing system Answer 5.14: In the Bruges Polder Basin. The Electricity & heat sub-sub-sector has 10 times higher net emissions than gross emissions. The emission source is located outside this basin, but the emissions are directed to a discharge point within the Bruges Polder basin. This applies both for estimations and point sources. For the point sources there is only one sewage discharger that can be held responsible for the displacement of the emissions (private drain remains on site): the company Electrawinds-Biomassa. Answer 5.15: Industry: Individual WWTP Energy: Individual WWTP 34

35 Trade & services: Treatment basin Transport: Runoff Infrastructure: Treatment basin Answer 5.16: When comparing the various sub-basins, the Dijle basin scores highest in terms of contribution of the route Not linked to urban WWTP, both in absolute and in relative numbers for the substances copper and zinc. For the substance lead the Dijle basin scores highest in absolute numbers but the Leie basin scores highest in relative numbers. The example for copper is given below. 35

36 Answer 5.17: WWTP Adinkerke: measured influent = 78.2 kg, modelled influent = 4.9 kg => unexplained load = 73.3 kg. A percentage above 50% implies that less than half the measured load was also modelled by the WEISS system. 36

37 Exercise 6 Answer 6.1: Answer 6.2: C:\WEISS Demo\Ruddervoorde\Emissions: the calculated emission maps are automatically saved in this folder. C:\ WEISS Demo\Ruddervoorde\GIS_Data: here, all geographical data can be organised in a userselected structure. C:\ WEISS Demo\Ruddervoorde\Legends: when a map is displayed in WEISS, a legend file is automatically saved in this location. There is a default legend classification, but any change made by the user will also be stored. C:\ WEISS Demo\Ruddervoorde\Ruddervoorde.ini: the ini file which will open the WEISS application for Ruddervoorde. C:\ WEISS Demo\Ruddervoorde\Ruddervoorde.mdb: the database where all input parameters are stored. 37