Role of UNCRD in Promoting 3R and Resource Efficiency in support of SDGs

Transcription

1 Role of UNCRD in Promoting 3R and Resource Efficiency in support of SDGs Regional Workshop on Sustainable Development Benefits of Decentralized MSW in Asia-Pacific 30 Nov-1 December 2017, UN ESCAP SDG Week, Bangkok, Thailand Choudhury Rudra Charan Mohanty, Environment Programme Coordinator, UNCRD-DSD/UN DESA

2 New Urban Agenda 2016 Nairobi Mandate Agenda for Sustainable Development Paris Agreement 2015 Addis Ababa Action Agenda 2015 Source: EMNtM: #imgrc=ejlpau4emozmem:

3 3Rs in the context of Green Economy 3Rs in a broader context - not just about municipal waste management, but is intrinsically linked with resource efficiency in a wide range of sectors with an objective to reduce or eliminate the waste load for final disposal towards transitioning to a resource efficient and zero waste society vis-à-vis green economy Pacific countries join 3R Forum Multilayer Partnerships and Coalition as the Basis for 3R s Promotion 3Rs in the context of Rio+20 outcome The Future WeWant 1 st Regional 3R Forum in Asia Japan/ nd Regional 3R Forum in Asia Malaysia/ rd Regional 3R Forum in Asia Singapore/ th Regional 3R Forum in Asia Viet Nam/ th Regional 3R Forum in Asia-Pacific Indonesia/ th Regional 3R Forum in Asia-Pacific Maldives/ th Regional 3R Forum in Asia-Pacific Australia/2016 Tokyo 3R Statement Singapore Recommendation Surabaya 3R Declaration 3R as an Economic Industry Ha Noi 3R Declaration ( ) 33 Goals for Urban/Industrial areas, Rural areas/biomass, New and Emerging Wastes, Cross-cutting issues Adelaide 3R Declaration on Circular Economy 2 nd East Asia Summit - Environment Ministers Meeting (EAS EMM), Brunei, 2010 Technical/capacity building support for National 3R Strategies, Zero waste strategies at local levels 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development / SDGs Endorsed Endorsed Regional Regional 3R 3R Forum Forum in Asia in Asia 3R for Green Economy, Sustainable Tourism,SPC/SDG 12 3Rs for Sustainable Cities and Human Settelments (Safe, inclusive, resilient & sustainable cities SDG11) 3Rs for fresh water, costal & marine ecosystem Partnership as the basic for moving towards zero waste society (IPLA)

4 Resilient society & economy is a progressive path from Linear to Circular Economy.. Linear to Circular economy Moving from negative loop to positive loop => Waste management needs to be increasingly addressed in resource domain Source: Co-Chairs Summary of Sixth Regional 3R Forum Adapted from Dr. P. Modak presentation, Presented at Sixth Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific 2015

5 3R towards Resource Efficient and Zero Waste Society. Source: Source: ROAD MAP FOR ZERO WASTE AHMEDABAD A Visionary Document to Guide Ahmedabad towards becoming a Resource Efficient and Zero Waste City by 2031

6 The very nature of economic development agenda is a clear reflection of the state of waste vis-à-vis integrated resource management => pathway to circular economy.. 1. One-way/conventional Economy 2. More resource efficient economy 3. Closed Loop Economy 1. Majority countries are still one way economy -> a little effort is made to reduce the amount of materials consumed in production and hence the wastes are produced. Also little effort is made to reuse or recycle those wastes which mainly go for landfill. 2. Greater resource efficiency -> Japan, Rep. of Korea, Singapore, China, Malaysia, Thailand, India (solar mission) by reducing consumption and waste of materials, and by reusing and recycling waste/byproducts minimize (per unit of product or services) quantity of input raw material/energy /water as well as pollution /emission/environmental impact of the residual materials flow that flow to disposal sites. 3. Closed-loop economy ~ circular economy -> policy consultations are increasingly taking place in Asia- Pacific (e.g., Adelaide 3R Declaration) nearly all waste/outputs either become inputs to other manufacturing processes or are returned to natural systems as benign emissions rather than as pollutants. 6 Source: Adapted from ADB, 2011

7 3R AS A ECONOMIC INDUSTRY TOWARDS RESOURCE EFFICIENT & ZERO WASTE SOCIETY R & D/Engineering Green Chemistry & Nano Technology cosmetics, baby lotion, computer chips, paints, medical equipments, etc. Energy Efficiency Energy service companies (energy audit, energy efficient system design /equipment manufacturing, specialty engg. services, etc. Nano tech market : more than US$1 trillion Water Efficiency Water saving devices distribution efficiency Zero leakage, Waste water treatment, Rain water harvesting, etc. Sustainable Transportation ITS, IFS, BRT, Railways, walkways & bicycle ways Fuel efficiency measures Vehicle I/M Alternative fuels, PPP for urban transport. etc. Waste Water reuse for urban agriculture practices Water purification technologies, waste water treatment (ecological engineering: constructed wetlands for pretreatment of urban run off water & river water) Distributed sewage treatment systems, etc. Green Buildings Engineering, design & construction materials Sustainable Farming Support Companies Efficient water & nutrient management system Water & nutrient delivery system Biomass energy company Energy efficient cultivating, harvesting, hauling equipment Compost industry (e.g. Dhaka Community based Composting System) Roof top agriculture (urban greening) for food security Urban Services and Supplies Bio economy (high value processing/conversion of biomass) Bio products Bio energy Bio Engineering Landscape trimming, etc. Synthetic fibers/oil, bioplastics, materials from fiber by products, composts, animal feeds, biochemical Resource Recovery/3R CH4 & fertilizer from animal manure /sewage sludge with anaerobic or aerobic digesters, refused derived fuel (RDF), etc.

8 urban resilience through 3R => SDG 11 => in the face of any external threats and shocks, including climatic impacts and increasing frequency and magnitude of natural disasters. CITY A with dedicated 3R policies, programs and infrastructure versus CITY B business-as-usual with no dedicated 3R policies, programs and infrastructure 1. in handing disaster waste/debris and faster rehabilitation of affected community 2. state of water, land and air, urban ecosystem / preservation of natural capital 3. state of public health and other social benefits prevention of malarial incidences, dengue and other diseases 4. circular economic and green job opportunities water to resources to economy 5. energy security (WtE) and climate mitigation 6. degree of confidence of international investors or attractive conditions towards investment opportunities 7. aesthetic value and tourism potential, etc.

9 Consequences of linear economy: Plastics issue vast implications on coastal and marine environment reduced resilience of coastal and marine ecosystem Plastics carry hazardous chemicals in marine environment (e.g., PCBs) More than 200 species of animals are known to have ingested plastic debris, including birds, fish, turtles and marine mammals. Papadopoulos/UNEP/Still Pictures UNEP & Hartmut Schwartzbach Transfer of chemicals from ingested plastics to biological tissue has been confirmed (bio-magnification). Micro-plastics (size < 5 mm) in coastal and marine environments is a critical problem, including bio-accumulation of hydrophobic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like PCBs, DDTs, HCHs and others from the plastics through ingestion or food-chain (fist to fish and fish to people), Brehen/UNEP/Still Pictures Source: Still Pictures (Source: Prof. Hideshige Takada and 6 th Regional 3R Forum in AP, 2015) Source of photos: UNEP,

10 Consequences of linear economy: Plastics waste and resilience nexus Unclogging Jakarta s Waterways Estimated population of over 10 million people: 20% of city s daily waste ends up in local rivers and canals City administration is dredging its 17 rivers and canals for the first time since 1970s due to waterways being 70% blocked, a central contributor to the city s chronic flooding problems (Source: The New York Times, October 2016)

11 Kawasaki Eco Town where economy & environment are integrated not to create only sustainable business opportunities, but also to prevent pollution towards livable environment Formation of a Regional Network for Resource Recovery, Recycling, and ultimately towards circular economic dev. Key Features of Kawasaki Eco Town 1. revitalization through environmental technologies accumulated in traditional industries 2. Industrial symbiosis through a regional network for resource reuse/recycling 3. local private companies take their own initiative in environmentally sound business operations and contribute to preventing local and global environmental pollution. 4. strong collaboration between R&D industries and private companies on environmental technologies 5. international cooperation in technology transfer Quantified material accounting for Symbiosis in Kawasaki Source: SABURO KATO, Special Advisor to the Mayor of Kawasaki for International Environmental Policy, President of Research Institute for Environment and Society kawasaki.html R.V. Berkel and T. Fujita et. al.; Environmental Science & Technology(2009)

12 Where will the financing come from? Partnership as the basis for moving towards a zero waste society / principles of IPLA a SDG partnership Partnerships offer alternatives in which governments and private companies assume co-responsibility and coownership for the delivery of solid waste management services. Waste disposal is expensive financially and in lost resources (substantial inputs of labour, material, energy, land resources for land filling, etc. ). Partnerships combine the advantages of the private sector (dynamism, access to financial resources and latest technologies, managerial efficiency, and entrepreneurial spirit, etc.) with social concerns and responsibility of the public sector (public health and better life, environmental awareness, local knowledge and job creation, etc. ). Partnerships (PPP) are indispensable for creating and financing adaptation measures towards resilient cities which in turn are more attractive for private investments. Partnerships provide win-win solutions both for the public utilities and private sector if duly supported by appropriate policy frameworks. Such partnerships could lead to savings in municipal budgets where waste management usually consumes a large portion. The private sector, on the other hand, may use this opportunity to convert waste into environmentally friendly products and energy that could also serve as income generating opportunities.

13 Key areas of intervention to scale up 3R implementation ~ Key Findings of the 7 th Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific 2016 Countries need to recognize the importance of triangular cooperation (government-private sector-scientific and research organizations) in advancing 3R research and development (R&D), technology transfer and technology evaluation; Resilient cities and communities 3R and resource efficiency measures can provide many complimentary benefits in making the cities and societies resilient; Technologies Triangular Cooperation Policy transformation Need for insight to policy transformation towards resource efficient vis-à-vis circular economic development in Asia and the Pacific; SMEs Governments need to assist SMEs to integrate resource efficiency in their entire supply chain through appropriate policy, institutional and financial measures and partnership mechanisms; Circular Economy Opportunity 3R technologies are key enablers for creating sustainable business opportunities towards economic success of the Asia and the Pacific; Resource Efficiency 3R and resource efficiency measures can provide many complimentary benefits in making the cities and societies resilient; Rural Development Need to harness multiple benefits of circular economic development approach in achieving the SDGs under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; Biomass waste in rural economy: 3R programmes and practices can provide circular economy opportunities in rural areas of Asia and the Pacific; Source: Chair s summary of 7 th Regional 3R forum 2016

14 Recommendations: Economic Opportunities through 3Rs A Win Win Strategy (1) Cities and industries need to move from a linear or one way economy to a resource efficient and even closed loop or circular economy. Economic opportunities may exist, among others, in green chemistry and nanotechnology, sustainable transportation, energy and water efficiency, sustainable farming, bio economy, green buildings and wastewater reuse for urban green spaces and urban agriculture. Public private partnerships were identified as critical for realizing business opportunities, and critically depend on macroeconomic and development policy settings such as, for instance, a circular economy policy. 14

15 Recommendations: Proliferation of sustainable urban business opportunities in 3R areas (2) 3R as an economic industry offers competitive solutions to many urban environmental issues, provided 3Rs and resource efficiency are integrated into macroeconomic development policies (e.g. the circular economic policy of China); Eco towns, eco industrial parks and industrial symbiosis could significantly contribute to regional development as has been demonstrated by Japanese cities such as Kawasaki, Kitakyushu, etc.; City governments and urban local bodies should recognize and publicize the excellent performance of private companies that carry out environmentally sound operations; R&D oriented industrial structure and environmental efforts by companies are critical to fostering sustainable urban businesses; Consumers awareness (green consumerism) is a critical driver of sustainable urban practices and related green business opportunities; Both horizontal (among line Ministries/agencies such as environment, industry, urban development, public works, agriculture, mining, tourism, etc.) and vertical cooperation (between cities and national governments for circular economic development policies and 15 programmes to trickle down from central to local level) are essential;

16 Welcome to 8th Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific Theme: Achieving Clean Water, Clean Land and Clean Air through 3R and Resource Efficiency A 21 st Century Vision for Asia-Pacific Communities Venue: Brilliant Convention Centre, Indore, India Date: 9-12 April 2017 Co-organizers: Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), Government of India; Ministry of the Environment, Japan; and UNCRD/UN DESA