Thermal storage system in solar houses Review of the American Solar Decathlon

Transcription

1 Thermal storage system in solar houses Review of the American Solar Decathlon TECHNICAL WORKSHOP ON TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPED IN THE FIELD OF THE SDEUROPE COMPETITION LISBON, PORTUGAL NOVEMBER 9, 2010 Technical University of Madrid

2 CONTENTS Introduction Sensible Heat Thermal Storage Systems Latent Heat Storage and Phase Change Materials Latent Heat Thermal Storage Systems Conclusions Solar energy has an enormous potential for the heating and cooling of buildings. However, solar energy is intermittent, unpredictable, and available only during the day. Hence, its application requires efficient thermal energy storage so that the surplus heat collected during sunshine hours may be stored for later use during the night.

3 CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB WATER IN THE FLOOR Sensible Heat Thermal Storage Systems WATER IN OPAQUE WALL SD2009 Virginia Tech Concrete Slab SD2009 Penn State Water on plastic bags under the floor SD2007 Penn State Water on glass bottles SD Team Description Location 2002 University of Virginia Concrete slab Floor 2002 University of Maryland Poured concrete slab Floor 2002 Virginia Tech Concrete slab Floor 2002 University of Missouri Rolla Concrete slab Floor 2002 University of North Carolina Concrete slab Floor 2005 Cornell University Concrete pavers Floor 2005 University of Maryland Concrete slab Floor 2005 Pittsburgh Synergy (1) Concrete slab Floor 2007 University of Maryland Dense fiberboard floor Floor 2009 Iowa State University Ceramic tiles + cement Floor boards 2009 Virginia Tech Concrete slab Floor Radian System Plastic Bags Milk Glass Bottles

4 TRANSLUCENT WATER FILLED SYSTEMS Sensible Heat Thermal Storage Systems SD2002 Auburn University SD2007 MIT SD2009 Ohio State University SD2009 University of Arizona Cylinders Translucent Insulated glass blocks Polycarbonate trombe wall Recycle plastic containers

5 PCM and Interior Thermal Conditions Improvements Latent Heat Thermal Storage and PCM Reduction of peak temperature Minimizing the temperature swings Increase of hours in the comfort zone PCM is a substance with a high heat of fusion which is capable of storing and releasing large amounts of energy at an almost constant temperature.

6 PCM: FLOOR SYSTEMS Latent Heat Thermal Storage Systems SD2005 Canadian Solar Decathlon Bricks soaked in PCM in a 7.5 cm raised floor (Air recirculation) SD2009 Ontario / BC Dorken Delta Cool 21 below the floor finishing Floor Grates Intake Ducts Bricks Bricks soaked in PCM

7 PCM: FLOOR SYSTEMS Latent Heat Thermal Storage Systems SD2005 Technical University of Madrid Plastic containers and raised flooring tiles filled with PCM (Air recirculation) SD2005 Rhode Island School of Design Plastic containers filled with PCM (Water recirculation in a copper pipes radiant system) SD2007 Technical University of Madrid Thermal Batteries: metal tubes filled with PCM (Water and air recirculation) System was not Installed

8 PCM: WALL SYSTEMS Latent Heat Thermal Storage Systems SD2005 Massachusetts Dartmuonth Between the studs PCM thermal storage panels 24 Enerphase. Dow Chemical Co. Calsium Chloride Hexahydrate TESC-81 SD2007 Kansas Project Solar House Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) with PCM-filled pipes Patent developed in the University of Kansas SD2009 Penn State (Walls and ceiling) BIOPCM 23 o C ThermaMats Phase Change Energy Solutions

9 PCM: CEILING SYSTEMS Latent Heat Thermal Storage Systems SD2009 Spain Team (Passive System) Dupont Energain 24º C thermal mass panel aluminum-laminated / copolymer and a paraffin core SD2007 Technische Universitat Darmstadt Knauf PCM SmartBoard (BASF Micronal) with radian system SD2009 Team Germany Dorken Delta Cool 28 Thermal storage with air recirculation

10 STADISTICS AND EVOLUTION Thermal Storage Systems QUANTTITY Houses with thermal storage systems SD2002 SD2005 SD2007 SD2009 SENCIBLE HEAT LATENT HEAT QUANTTITY Sensible: Opaque vs Translucent SD2002 SD2005 SD2007 SD2009 OPAQUE TRANSLUCENT QUANTTITY 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 Latent Heat Storage: Location SD2002 SD2005 SD2007 SD2009 FLOOR WALL CEILING QUANTTITY 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 Latent: Passive vs Active SD2002 SD2005 SD2007 SD2009 PASSIVE ACTIVE

11 CONCLUSIONS Thermal Storage The concrete slab was thermal mass system most used in 2002 In each new edition houses have increased the use of latent heat systems Half of the teams in 2009 used thermal storage in their houses Sensible Heat Storage Concrete (opaque) and water (translucent) are the materials mostly used Only one team used concrete in the last American Solar Decathlon Floor is the preferred location for sensible heat storage More translucent solutions in the last two competitions Latent Heat Storage Materials soaked in PCM used only in 2005 Passive and Actives systems are used in all the competitions Use of ceiling solutions appeared in the last two editions Translucent solutions with PCM have not been presented until now Thanks for your attention