WELCOME TO KONSTRUKSI INDONESIA AND THE BIG 5 CONSTRUCT INDONESIA CPD CERTIFIED WORKSHOPS

Transcription

1 WELCOME TO KONSTRUKSI INDONESIA AND THE BIG 5 CONSTRUCT INDONESIA CPD CERTIFIED WORKSHOPS

2 MAIN TOPIC NUKI AGYA UTAMA, PHD

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4 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

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6 1,400 1,300 1,200 1,100 1, % Demand Results: Energy demand final units Scenario: Reference, Fuel: Electricity Data Variable: Activity Level Household Commercial Industrial

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12 EMBODIED ENERGY

13 LCEA embodied energy Embodied energy (EE) takes into account all energy required for extraction, production, transportation, and on-site construction, both of the materials of the initial construction and expected replacements during the use phase of the building operational energy Life Cycle Energy Analysis energy for end-of-life treatment Operational energy (OE) includes all energy required during the entire use phase e.g., for heating, ventilation, cooling, and lighting Energy includes all energy required during the entire dismantling process, treatment process and its transportation

14 Process analysis

15 Straw 5 kg Extraction of clay Clay 634 kg/500 pcs Water bricks Diesel 5 km, 1 l Molding 500 pcs Drying Burning 5-7 days 5805 MJ Cooling (Open space) 4 days Saw dust 9 MJ/kg 5708 MJ Straw 0.65 MJ/kg 97 MJ Packaging and distribution Diesel 5-10 km Cement Production Construction Sand Maintenance and repairing Bricks reuse As the same form Recycling as aggregates Recycling filling material Landfill The Process Flow Diagram Of Bricks Walls

16 Gypsum plasterboard Natural gypsum Imported from Thailand 50% Sea freight 3000 km 8000 T/4 month Crushing 3000 T/day Stockpiling Screening Phosphorous gypsum Local 50% PM emission Extraction Fuel The Process Flow Diagram Of Gypsum Storage Bin Drain chamber Drying cyclone PM and Gas emission Electricity Note: Total Electricity : 6 kwh/m 2 Board : 0.3 kwh/m 2 Plaster : 50 kwh/m 2 Gas Rolling mill PM emission PM emission Cooling cyclone Sawing Calcinations chamber Gas Calcinations cyclone Silo 6000 T Electricity Packaging and Distribution Construction Electricity Hot screw Hammer mill (Homogenization) Mixing conveyor Board conveyor Board Kiln Paper rolls Gas Gypsum reuse Recycling Landfill

17 Percentage of share 35% 30% light constructions heavy constructions super insulated 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% super insulated heavy constructions light constructions

18 Environmental performance Embodied Carbon dioxide CO2 emission emits during production of material gypsum timber window glass bricks clay roof con. Blocks con. Roof mortar plaster CO2 equivalent

19 Environmental performance Other(s) emission from production of building materials gypsum timber window glass bricks clay roof con. Blocks con. Roof SO2 CH4

20 A AIR CONDITIONED AREA A Case residential, Semarang m2 floor and abbreviation of the typical building roof joist concrete/clay roof wooden roof frame hanging beam rafter gypsum joist gypsum ceiling fascia

21 MJ Embodied and use phase energy demand 1,600, ,400, ,200, ,000, , , , , Clay based house Cement based house year

22 additional em bodied energy [MJ] WBb -10 average energy saving per month [kwh] -5 ( ) ( ) ( ) G70 BASELINE 5 Crf WWR DG 10 Craftsmanship and air barrier Double Wall cavity & gypsum 15 Double Wall bamboo 20 DWb Bagasse bricks Glass 70% transparency 25 Double glass 30 DWg WWR reduction Combined option Crf DWg DWb WBb G70 DG WWR COMB 50 COMB Crf DWg DWb G70 DG WWR COMB BASELINE WBb

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24 Building THERMAL

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26 Solar Radiation The illustration above clearly shows that the majority of solar radiation occurs between the short-wave infra-red and ultra-violet portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Ultra-violet (UV) radiation makes up a very small part of the total energy content of insolation, roughly 8%- 9%. The visible range, with a wavelength of 0.35mm to 0.78mm, represents only 46%-47% of the total energy received from the sun. The final 45% of the sun's total energy is in the short-wave infrared range of 0.78mm to 5mm. There is some long-wave component of infra-red, however large bands of this are absorbed by gasses and particles within the atmosphere. Most of the lower part of this spectrum is actually terrestrial radiation, filling out the long-wave infrared range spanning from 3 to 75mm. This is basically the heat radiating from the surfaces of materials that have been warmed by the sun.

27 Various heat exchange processes are possible between a building and the external environment. elements such as; Walls (dinding) Windows and doors (jendela dan pintu) Roof (atap) Ceiling (plafond) Floor (lantai) etc.. Heat transfer also takes place from different surfaces by convection and radiation and transmitted through transparent windows and is absorbed by the internal surfaces of the building. one to determine the effectiveness of the design of a building and help in evolving improved designs for realizing energy efficient buildings with comfortable indoor conditions.

28 Case study INDUSTRIAL PT SCI, salatiga

29 8 meter SCENARIO A 12 meter BARYON hasta persada

30 THERMAL SCENARIOS Wall height Top height SCENARIO A 8 meter 13 meter SCENARIO B 12 meter 18 meter Roof type OUTSIDE zinc aluminum air gap aluminum INSIDE foil OUTSIDE pvc air gap pvc INSIDE Monitoring roof yes yes Cross section BARYON hasta persada

31 Scenario A SCENARIO A 8 meter 13 meter 46 C pvc air gap pvc <40 C no BARYON hasta persada

32 Scenario B SCENARIO B 12 meter 18 meter <32 C 44 C zinc aluminum air gap aluminum foil no BARYON hasta persada

33 Efficiency measures Reducing the use of ceiling, exhaust fan and any mechanical driven fan Zero use of cooling devices Reducing the use of artificial light Overall saving; Typical exhaust/forced 1kW, running for 6-8 hrs electricity cost Rp. 1,350 /kwh Cost saving 291,000,000/year

34 Case study COMMERCIAL, McD Indonesia McDonald's Emerald, BINTARO

35 THERMAL ANALYSIS

36 Biru cukup hangat 30 C Kuning semakin panas 35 Cx

37 DINAMIKA FLUIDA A/C Outlet Exhauster

38 CURRENT Not enough wind speed Not enough wind coverage A/C Outlet Exhauster Wind velocity only ~0.5 m/s 1 AC Outlet & 1 Exhauster AC Outlet = 2 m/s Outlet = m 2 Q = m 3 /s Vol Domain = 331 m 3 ACH = x 3600 / 331 = 10.3 One circular flow

39 ALTERNATIVE Not enough wind speed Not enough wind coverage A/C Outlet Exhauster Wind velocity only ~0.5 m/s 3 AC Outlets & 1 Exhauster AC Outlet = 2 m/s down, 1 m/s left Outlet = 1.38 m 2 Q = 2.76 m 3 /s Vol Domain = 331 m 3 ACH = 2.76 x 3600 / 331 = 30

40 DINAMIKA FLUIDA Good wind speed Good wind coverage Low maximum wind speed Exhauster A/C Outlet 3 Outlets & 1 Exhauster cooling Outlet = 4 m/s down Area Outlet = 4.13 m 2 Q = m 3 /s Vol Domain = 331 m 3 ACH = x 3600 / 331 = 180

41 Warm outdoor air enters the evaporative cooling machine through two inlet channels. One directly goes to the Heat Exchanger, and then enters the building/room as cooled fresh supply air. The other as working air goes to the evaporator, passes through the Heat Exchanger, and then is released tothe atmosphere or ground water tank. In the evaporator, the working air vaporizes cool water which is supplied by ground tank/reservoir. This process lowers working air temperature, but increases its humidity Part of supply air is also returned to the evaporator to help better efficiency of cooling system Through these whole processes, the supply air is lower temperature than the outdoor air, but the absolute air humidity does not increase. In the Heat Exchanger, the working air will absorb heat in the supply air which causes the temperature of supply air lowers down 50

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43 75% - 80% energy saving as compared to AC Less maintenance no chemical no refrigerant Ground cooling-indirect Evaporative air cooler is enable to lower ambient air temperature, and keep the absolute humidity of output air is the same as ambient air humidity. no green-house gas emission no air pollutant emission CASE. SEMARANG How many degrees that the air temperature will reduce depend on the air humidity. For an example, if air temperature is 30 C and air relative humidity is 60%, the output air temperature is likely 23 C. 52

44 Efficiency measures Replacing the use of AC system Reducing the indoor air pollution No chemical, less maintenance and durable Overall saving: Monthly electricity bill per outlet is 40,000,000/month 60% of the bills are coming from AC system Total saving Rp. 288,000,000 /year/mcd s outlet

45 THERMAL analysis RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS CASE BANDUNG and SEMARANG

46 35-37 C climatic data C

47 climatic data Highest peak 5

48 Menentukan perlu/tidaknya ceiling Highest th May, 1300 Bandung Atap genting tanah liat Ceiling gypsum Dinding bata merah Lantai keramik

49 day lighting simulation 5 Without ceiling

50 day lighting simulation 5 With ceiling

51 Analisa atap dan ceiling/plafond ketinggian dan insulasi Highest th May, 1300 Bandung Atap genting tanah liat Ceiling gypsum Insulasi aluminium foil Dinding bata merah Lantai keramik

52 Dengan ceiling Tanpa ceiling 37 C 36 C 37 C 35 C 36 C 35 C 34 C 34 C 33 C 33 C Highest th May, 1300 Bandung outside temperature 35 C Terjadi perubahan cukup significant antara bangunan dengan menggunakan ceiling dan tanpa ceiling Udara diantara atap dan ceiling terlihat cukup menahan panas yang akan terpenetrasi kedalam ruang

53 A B C D 34 C 5.00 m 4.25 m 35 C 3.65 m 36 C C 34 C 34 C 35 C 34 C 2.40 m Highest th May, 1300 Bandung outside temperature 35 C Temperature disaat masa temperature puncak dengan kondisi ketinggian ceiling ruang utama (main room) dengan asumsi 2.4 m (SNI), 3.65 m dan 5 m. Menunjukan posisi temperature antara C untuk ketinggian ceiling m Dengan asumsi ceiling 4.25 m kenyamanan thermal ruang masih belum tercapai. Suhu terendah diperkirakan mencapai 32 C Temperatur turun mencapai C diposisi ketinggian rerata manusia pada posisi desain ceiling di ketinggian 5 m

54 Pengaruh insulasi 1 Atap seng Batu bata Batu bata Gente ng Genteng + insulasi Dengan menggunakan 2 jenis model bangunan yang sama, tetapi menggunakan material fasade yang berbeda Model 1 atap seng dengan dan tanpa insulasi Model 2 atap genteng dengan dan tanpa insulasi Atap seng + insulasi Batu bata bata ko 2

55 Pengaruh internal heat Highest th May, 1300 Bandung Atap genting tanah liat + insulasi Dinding HEBEL Ceiling gypsum Lantai keramik Atap genting tanah liat Ceiling gypsum Dinding HEBEL Lantai keramik

56 Clay roof + insulasi Hebel 2 people reading small app liances 2 lightbulb 32 C 31 C 34 C 32 C

57 Clay roof + insulasi Hebel 34 C 33 C 32 C 2 people reading small appliances 2 lightbulb 31 C 30 C

58 Pengaruh messo climate (geography) Bandung dan Semarang Highest nd March, 1100 Bandung Highest th March, 1100 Semarang Atap genting tanah liat Ceiling gypsum Dinding HEBEL Lantai keramik

59 Bandung simulation thermal 6 ceiling Clay Tiled Roof Main room Bed room 1

60 simulation thermal 6 Semarang Clay Tiled Roof

61 Bandung Clay tile roof Bed room 1 Main room Bricks plaster

62 Semarang

63 Wall material influences in room temperature simulation thermal 6

64 simulation thermal 6 CLAY BRICKS HEBEL CONCRETE BLOCKS

65 simulation thermal 6 CLAY BRICKS

66 HEBEL simulation thermal 6

67 Insulated Concrete Composite Wall simulation thermal 6

68 clay bricks hebel insulated concrete wall thermal cost energy

69 CLAY ROOF simulation thermal CONCRETE ROOF 6 WOODEN ROOF

70 CLAY ROOF simulation thermal 6

71 CONCRETE ROOF simulation thermal 6

72 CLAY ROOF AL.INSULATION simulation thermal 6

73 simulation thermal 6

74 Metal roof simulation thermal 6

75 thermal cost energy clay roof clay roof insulation concrete roof tile wooden roof metal roof

76 THANK YOU! SEE YOU NEXT YEAR