Eco Green Village model in the Municipality of Sofia

Transcription

1 WP3 act 3.5 Development of the EGVillage structure on the basis of an operative model by MILD HOME NoE 1 Eco Green Village model in the Municipality of Sofia Activity 3.5. Output O Date: Location: Village of Mramor, Vrabnitsa district, Municipality of Sofia, Bulgaria Authors: ELI team Other contributions: SOF

2 WP3 act 3.5 Development of the EGVillage structure on the basis of an operative model by MILD HOME NoE 2 Table of contents Introduction... 3 The Context of the EGVillage in the Municipality of Sofia... 4 The territory...4 Urban development...4 Transport network and viability...5 Economic framework and future trend...6 Weather conditions...6 Eco Green Village concept... 7 Definition backgrounds and development...7 Social structure...8 Typologies and Planning criteria of the EGVillage in the Municipality of... 8 Financial Sustainability of the EGVillage... 12

3 WP3 act 3.5 Development of the EGVillage structure on the basis of an operative model by MILD HOME NoE 3 Introduction The purpose of this output is the development of an Eco Green Village (EGV) structure on the basis of an operative model set up by MILD HOME experts' network (NoE). This document collects specifications that outline the structure of the EGV at the Sofia municipality level. These additional specifications will guide the Municipality issuing the Competition of ideas in order to collect and select the best concepts and concerns about desired EGV based on MILD HOMEs. This document will be very important for the innovation-related and the support it will provide for the operations asked in the following project's WPs. The documents will be refined and upgraded during the progress of the project and will be a fundamental issue at the final stages of the project, when it will be enriched with the results of pilots' realizations foreseen.

4 WP3 act 3.5 Development of the EGVillage structure on the basis of an operative model by MILD HOME NoE 4 The Context of the Eco Green Village (EGV) in the Municipality of Sofia The territory The Village of Mramor is a territory close to the city of Sofia. The place is chosen among four territories proposed by Sofia Municipality. Short description of Mramor village: Country: Bulgaria Municipality: Sofia District: Vrabnitsa Area: 14,362 km² See level: 533 m Inhabitants: 2016 Inhabitants per sq km: 140 The territory s analysis was developed to choose the best territory to settle an Eco Green Village (EGV). All the 4 territories stand in the Northern part of Sofia because of climate and strategic reasons. The Northern part is not well-developed as compared to the Southern one. This fact is mainly due to social rating reasons.

5 WP3 act 3.5 Development of the EGVillage structure on the basis of an operative model by MILD HOME NoE 5 In fact the Southern districts of Sofia, which include the Northern slopes of the Vitosha mountain, are considered as a luxury area for high-class living. Moreover building environment stops mountain breezes which are valuable for natural city ventilation. Furthermore the city of Sofia is located in a low part of a valley (surrounded by mountains) and from a physical point of view that situation represents a negative aspect for implementing passive natural ventilation. That is why the Northern part of Sofia, which is located on the South side of the slopes of the Stara Planina mountain, has been chosen for EGV development. Different criteria were discussed and chosen to analyse and compare the territories, which are close to 4 districts, as follows: Negovan, Mramor and near Nadejda. They were firstly divided as physical and anthropogenic ones, then - as social, economic, energetic, and town planning ones. The characteristics of the four territories as per each criterion were described in a matrix, which gives the chance to compare quickly and find advantages and drawbacks of each territory. Urban development The village of Mramor is situated in Sofia region as a part of the city municipality. The village is situated in the North-Western part of the Sofia field. It is set in the old river terrace of Blato River. The village Mramor is just 2 km away from Sofia Ring Road. On the North it borders the villages Dobroslavtsi and Zhiten. On the East is the village Mirovyane and on the West - the village of Voluyak. west. Four residential districts border it on the South Obelya, Obelya 2 and the 2 Vrabnitsa quarters. Trebich and Iliyantsi quarters are on the South-East. History - Two legends related to the historical development of the village exist. The previous village was on the cross point of the Blato and Kriva Rivers, at about a kilometer distance from the current location. It was placed on a high river terrace. The settlement was called Kramor and the only preserved building from that time is a Chapel called Saint Peter. In the area of the Village of Mramor existed an old necropolis until the beginning of 1980, lately devastated. The chosen territory is defined as a low-rise residential district according to the Master Plan of Sofia Municipality. It is located near to Mramor village and at kilometres from the center of the Sofia city. There are good connections to the city and the city center. Transport network and viability The village is with convenient transportation links. It is in close proximity to the main roads: Lomsko shosse Blvd and the Ring Road. Public transportation: Busses: 28, 30, 31, 35 go the city of Sofia. Plans according to the Structure (Master) Plan of Sofia will be realized for: - a connection (IV class) which will passe along the East part of the territory; - a pedestrian path near the village.

6 WP3 act 3.5 Development of the EGVillage structure on the basis of an operative model by MILD HOME NoE 6 Economic framework and future trend There are a post office, a kindergarten, primary school and a community center in Mramor and 40 companies and firms. There is an industrial zone in the village. The main part of the companies are producing building materials. Most important for the economic development of the village are the manufacturing companies producing: furniture, construction materials, plastic products and food packaging, products for heating, cooling and plumbing. There are building and reconstruction companies as well, a company for providing construction cranes and participation in the construction of various projects at national level and a local cable television provider. In the village s industrial zone there are 14 companies dealing with buildings construction. Table1: Economic indicators (number of firms and companies) Economic Industry Trade Services Crafts Institutional Agricultural indicators companies [Number] Percent [%] The pond of the village attracts many fishermen from Sofia. The Stara Planina Mountain is near which allows picnics and hiking. Thus there are opportunities for future development of climbing and horse tourism, sport tourism and fishing. Soils in this area are very fertile, which is a prerequisite for future agricultural development. Weather conditions The climate of the Sofia Municipality region is moderate continental. The area of the v. of Mramor is situated between two meteorological stations of Sofia. The wind roses diagrams show that the prevailing winds are in East-West direction. Тhe monthly average temperatures and the monthly precipitation are as follows: Month Temperatures [ C] * Precipitations [mm] ** January 0.4 C 27 mm February 0.2 C 30 mm March 4.6 C 36 mm April 10.4 C 54 mm May 15.3 C 72 mm June 18.7 C 72 mm July 21.1 C 53 mm August 20,7 C 53 mm September 16,5 C 39 mm October 11,2 C 41 mm November 5,1 C 45 mm

7 WP3 act 3.5 Development of the EGVillage structure on the basis of an operative model by MILD HOME NoE 7 December 0,4 C 37 mm *Basic values for Sofia, Ordinance 7 from for Energy Efficiency, Heat Retention and Energy Savings in Buildings **Average values for the period (11% less compared to the period ) Eco Green Village concept An Eco Green Village should consist of various types and styles of buildings as well as usage modes (owning, renting ) taking into account the results of the Market Analysis performed at a Municipality level. Thus, the village by its nature should be a true village and appears as an organically grown community. Planners therefore should give special recognition to the development process of the village (communication with potential users ) itself rather than just designing a series of buildings. In this way the village will truly fulfil the requirements of the inhabitants. Cost of land and conditions need to be negotiated with the Municipality of Sofia. Definition backgrounds and Development Eco Green Villages (EGVs) are sustainable settlements based on ecological constructions and living modes based on sustainability too. EGV are developed by integral planning process and construction. Ecovillages are intentional communities with the goal of becoming more socially, economically and ecologically sustainable. Ecovillage members are united by shared ecological, social-economic and cultural-spiritual values. An ecovillage is often composed of people who have chosen an alternative to centralized electrical, water, and sewage systems. Many see the breakdown of traditional forms of community, wasteful consumerist lifestyles, the destruction of natural habitat, urban sprawl, factory farming, and over-reliance on fossil fuels, as trends that must be changed to avert ecological disaster. Ecovillages see small-scale communities with minimal ecological impact. With the increasing evidence of human-initiated climate change, people throughout the world are coming together to try to reduce their carbon-footprint. Groups are trying to move away from the dependence of fossil fuels and consumerist practices. There is a focus on producing and consuming locally, forging meaningful relationships and living as sustainably as possible. Many initiatives are encouraged such as: reducing energy use, creating sustainable local businesses, localizing farming and creating environmentally minded communities. Ecovillages are "urban or rural communities... who strive to integrate a supportive social environment with a low-impact way of life." Although there is no blueprint for realizing this goal, ecovillages may integrate various aspects of ecological design: ecological building, alternative energy, environmentally benign manufacturing or production, permaculture (landscaping designed to mimic nature and to provide the community with food, fibre and fuel), and community building practices. An ecovillage usually incorporates components of "green" infrastructural capital; autonomous building or clustered housing, to minimize ecological footprint; renewable energy and permaculture. The goal of most ecovillages is to be a sustainable habitat providing for most of its needs on site. In the century in Bulgaria were developed traditional settlements built up with ecological materials (stone, wood, handmade bricks). Nowadays these settlements are part of the Bulgarian cultural and architectural inheritance.

8 WP3 act 3.5 Development of the EGVillage structure on the basis of an operative model by MILD HOME NoE 8 From technical point of view different thematic workshops for ecological housing construction are held in Bulgaria. From social point of view a lot of people wish to live in ecological and healthy environment. Social structure As per the national market s analysis the predominant EGV inhabitants have to be predominately young people as well as middle aged one, incl. single ones and students as follows: - 20 % - single and students; - 80% - couples and families. Typologies and Planning criteria of the Eco Green Village in the Municipality of Sofia In the Municipality of Sofia the typological Eco Green Village (EGV) selected structure is completion village. Taking in account these considerations, the EGV in the Municipality of Sofia should consider at least following issues: a) Social structure Current demographic structure in the village Location Total Men Women Under 7 years old 7-13 years old years old years old women years old men Over 60 years old women Over 63 years old men Village of Mramor Size of the EGV According to the respondents of the marketing analysis, the size of the EGV should be up to 1000 inhabitants. On the other hand the territory analysis, based on the proposed 4 optional territories from Sofia municipality, shows opportunity for only up to 420 inhabitants. As a result, the expected number of the future inhabitants is 420 in the current stage of the EGV model development. Geographical features of the Sofia Municipality EGV model: - Topography: the area is plain, that means easy and cost effective process of building construction; - Natural risks: in the past, the territory has been flooded by the river but nowadays the river is small sized and is not dangerous. Risk of earthquakes exists and for that reason there are strong rules in the construction aspect; - Natural landscape: The territory is close to a river (small size).

9 WP3 act 3.5 Development of the EGVillage structure on the basis of an operative model by MILD HOME NoE 9 Future Social structure for EGV model - A mixture of different population groups is aimed as well as the possibility for different living arrangements; this includes 3 types of mild homes: 1. Single family houses tertiary 30%; 2. Residential clusters secondary- 50 %; 3. Affordable dwellings primary- 20%; - Various usage modes (owning, renting, cooperative): At this stage of the EGV model development three usage modes are considered: primary MILD HOME dwellings for renting; secondary MILD HOMEs- as cooperative; tertiary MILD HOMEs as owning; - Accessibility of location: According to the marketing analysis the transport between the EGV and the town nearby is considered to be realized by existing public transport, new public transport means, and personal vehicles of the inhabitants (cars and motorbikes); - A local elementary school and day-care: A local elementary school and a kindergarten in the village of Mramor already exist (at a m distance from the selected territory) considered as an option for the future inhabitants of the EGV; - Health care: According to the marketing analysis health-care center + pharmacy are required; - Shared facilities in the settlement: As per the respondents of the marketing survey there is a need for: post office, bank, hairdresser, laundry, small-size retail units (for food and drinks), shoe-fashion-book shop, bicycles for renting, RES systems, sport facilities (given below in the local infrastructure/ areas for pleasure), pleasure time facilities (given below in the local infrastructure/ areas for pleasure); - Shared facilities with the village of Mramor include: drinking water network, public transport, waste treatment. b) Open space design There is a natural human desire to experience as well a natural open design in the living environment. Most of the respondents would like to live in a house with an attached yard. They tend to grow own vegetable garden and orchards. - In all MILD HOME types opportunities for open spaces are considered: 1. Tertiary MILD HOME type (30 % of the EGV residential area): private garden; 2. Secondary MILD HOME type (50 % of the EGV residential area): common garden for several residential buildings (2-4 units buildings); 3. Primary MILD HOME type: terraces, balconies with winter gardens; - Outdoor common area for various people -civic and public spaces (the places for public services, sport and pleasure); - "Walkable streets (could be defined through setbacks, discouraging blank walls and street facing parking lots, defining distance of entrances, regulating night lighting for shopping windows, specifying amount of ground floor retail, defining building-height-to-street-width): respondents of the marketing survey wish to realise traffic in the EGV by bicycle, on foot and

10 WP3 act 3.5 Development of the EGVillage structure on the basis of an operative model by MILD HOME NoE 10 eco-vehicles. The main idea of EGV is to be pedestrian oriented and with mixed use of the territory. The small retail unites and shoe-fashion-book shops are considered to be in the ground floors of the residential buildings. The parking places should discourage the automobile access in the EGV (It is a task in the Competition of ideas). c) Traffic and access - The EGV should preferably be a car-free settlement (with certain access modes) which has in any case to match the need for individual mobility: 1. By alternative transport (electro mobiles); 2. By bicycle; 3. On foot; - Public Transport connection to the city and the surroundings aims to reduce automobile dependence; - Road and path network (by foot, bike, and electro mobiles in the EGV). Further, According to the Master Plan of Sofia, path between the EGV territory and the city of Sofia is planned; - Possibility for carpooling: There are optional work places in the village of Mramor (40 companies and firms), so the future inhabitants could use this option in order to reduce CO2 footprint. d) Local infrastructure The market analysis and the existing study work document highlighted a compulsory mixture of living, working and pleasure time in EGVs (or in the surrounding part of the city) and thus the need of: - Local suppliers: electrical network, heating network, domestic heat water network, rain water collection network, wastewater network, selective waste collection network, ventilation system with heat recovery, telephone, internet, television, automated shading system; - Zones for business: home-based; - Areas for pleasure (culture and recreation/sports): sports field (outdoor), sport hall (indoor), swimming pool, playground, pub, bar, restaurant, library; - Water efficient landscaping; - Stimulated usage of special materials and structures like renewable, manufactured in short distance from the building site, manufactured in the country, with reduced need of professional workers, prefabricated, with natural origin, having certifications according to the standards, considering their built-in energy levels, lacking components with toxic impacts. e) Ecological principles Certain ecological principles should be an integral part of the EGV: - Energetic optimisation of the place to use solar gains which should take into account: shading possibilities from trees and other vegetation, shading structures in summertime, including consideration of the whole life cycle of buildings;

11 WP3 act 3.5 Development of the EGVillage structure on the basis of an operative model by MILD HOME NoE 11 - Common facilities: power plant for electricity, power plant for producing heat, equipments for water purification and water softening, rain water collection network, waste water treatment equipment, waste treatment equipment; - Site preservation (soil sealing, urban density, minimized site disturbance during construction): the soil of the territory is a fertile one, which is a favourable pre-condition for sustainable agricultural development. Moreover, the respondents are willing to take part in such development. The territory has a plain topography which means minimized site disturbance during construction (shallow trench and easy use of mechanisation); - Utilisation of the roofs: potential for Thermal collectors for domestic heat water, PV system installations, green roof, terraces; - Use of materials based on RES, local materials, materials with natural origin, reuse (in infrastructure as well); - High potential for energy autonomy: the EGV could be partly autonomous for the electrical energy & heating energy supply, the solid waste treatment; - Healthy living environment and indoor climate: protection against noise, reduction of electromagnetic pollution, satisfying level of fire prevention (important and mandatory requirements according BG legislation), taking into consideration the risk of earthquakes; - Light pollution reduction; - Reduction of the CO 2 footprint. e) Building design Building design follows the MILD HOME principles: - MILD HOMEs types parameters: primary type dwelling (part of an apartment building) m2; secondary type dwelling (part of 2-story 2-4 units residential building) 60-90m2; tertiary type dwelling (single-family house) - up to 140m2; - Specification of the main construction (green building): use of recycled materials as per the desire of the respondents - the problem is that up to now there isn t such a building construction practice in Bulgaria. The main target is to use renewable and ecologically clean materials (wood, stone, bricks, rock wool, ceramic tiles etc.); - Possibility of Do-it-yourself; - Flexible floor plans: developing areas for retail and work on the ground floors of the residential buildings; - Modular construction system; - Max usage of RES: maximization of passive solar energy collection, natural light inside every primary occupied space, use of active system for energy production, use of RES on the building site; possibility to join or create decentralized systems. As a whole, the solar energy, the biomass and the biofuel are the RES available for energy production in the territory; Thermal collectors for heat domestic water, PVs, heat thermal pumps, CHP possible RES technologies/systems;

12 WP3 act 3.5 Development of the EGVillage structure on the basis of an operative model by MILD HOME NoE 12 - Energy efficiency: minimization of the heat needs of the building in summer, reduction of the number and impact of the thermal bridges, keeping satisfactory thermal comfort standards during summer, minimization of the cooling needs of the building in summer, possibility for implementation of shading by glass structures in summer, reduction of the risk of condensation and its accumulation in the building s envelope, support of healthy air moisture, use of heat recovery in the ventilation system etc. f) Participation Active participation and involvement of today's and future users and inhabitants is an essential project element. This leads to a strong identification of the residents with their new settlement. Such early networking activity supports the engagement of neighbourhoods and their ecological behaviour. The participation processes with all kinds of potential stakeholders and residents should start in the earliest planning stage. This will also show weather a step-by-step development is really feasible. Financial Sustainability of the EGVillage The financial model could be developed on the basis of public-private partnership. The detailed definition of the partnership conditions is a subject of the further development stage of the EGV the so called investment process in the Bulgarian legislation. The MILD HOME project ends in conceptual stage and according to the Bulgarian regulations at this stage concrete conditions and partnership relations between the owner of the property (Sofia Municipality) and the stakeholders (future investors and inhabitants) can not been established. At this conceptual stage of the MILD HOME project, the results of the Marketing analysis and the Performance grid characteristics could be considered as a basis for the EGV financial model. EGV financial model according to the Performance grid of the Sofia Municipality: - Budget plan of building costs Category of costs What is the impact of this factor on the final costs of the building? (%) How can this factor lower the final costs of the building? (in terms of %) What is the lowered impact of this factor on the final costs of the building? (%) Land for building 15% 5 % 10% Urbanization (public utilities, transport systems, services) 10% 2% 8% Design and project coordination/assistance 11% 1% 10% Materials and products 22% 2% 22% Manpower 18% 2% 16% Heating, ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting 15% 2% 13% Interior, finishing 10% 2% 8% Total 100% 16% 84% - Budget plan of operating costs

13 WP3 act 3.5 Development of the EGVillage structure on the basis of an operative model by MILD HOME NoE 13 Category of cost What is the impact of this factor on the final costs of the building? (%) How can this factor lower the final costs of the building? (In terms of %) What is the lowered impact of this factor on the final costs of the building? (%) Heating, ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting 44 % 9 % 35% Domestic drinking water 7 % 1 % 6 % Domestic waste 10 % 3 % 7 % Building automation 9 % 3 % 6 % Maintenance (short and long time) 15 % 5% 10% Common costs (in case of 15 % 3 % 12 % Village or multi-storey building) Total 100 % 24 % 76 % EGV financial model according to the Marketing analysis of Sofia Municipality: - Construction prize of MILD HOME [ /m²]: ; - Expected rent (target group s point of view) [ /month]: ; - Expected rent for the affordable housing (primary MILD HOME type) [ /month]: ; - Expected percent own fund that the target group can contribute to a MILD HOME if buying as own property: up to 30%; - Most respondents prefer to be owners of a MILD HOME (secondary and tertiary type) and live in EGV.