Geothermal 101 An Overview
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1 Geothermal 101 An Overview Randy Manion Renewable Resource Program Manager Western Area Power Administration Graphics provided by NREL and EPRI
2 Presentation Overview Why Geothermal Geothermal Potential Technology Applications What s Next..
3 Why Geothermal High energy density with small footprint Contributes to energy diversity and energy independence No fuel importing or transportation costs Clean and emission free Reliable and baseload resource
4 We Live in a Changing World
5 2007 Minimum Sea Ice Extent
6 Where U.S. Energy Consumption Continues to Grow Non-hydro Renewables Quadrillion BTUs Hydro Nuclear Natural Gas 20 Wood Crude Oil Imports 0 Coal Coal Source: , Energy Perspectives: A Presentation of Major Energy and Energy-Related Data, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1975; , Annual Energy Review 2000, Table 1.3.
7 Other Drivers for Geothermal Declining Costs Federal and State Policies Demand for Green Power Uncertain Carbon Future Integrated Resource Planning Green jobs
8 Geothermal Potential
9 Geothermal Potential Heat from the Earth is Limitless Approximat ely 42 million megawatts of power
10 Geothermal Reservoirs
11 Technology Applications Electricity Generation Direct Thermal Use Geothermal Heat Pumps. Power Direct Use Geo Heat Pump
12 Power Generation
13 Hydrothermal NREL Relatively shallow stores of steam, hot water, or both. Wells tap into permeable underground reservoirs that convey heat from deep inside the Earth. Two techniques: flash and binary Geothermal well-drilling rig
14 Hydrothermal: Flash High-temperature steam Water hotter than 200 C (392 F) flashes into steam as it is brought to the surface and its pressure drops. The steam is used to directly drive a turbine. NREL Flashed-steam plant near Brawley, California
15 Hydrothermal: Binary Moderate-temperature water The energy of water heated to F is transferred to a working fluid with a lower boiling point. The working fluid vaporizes and drives a steam turbine. NREL Binary plant, Heber, California
16 Hot Dry Rock EGS Still in early development Sandia/NREL Surface water is pumped into hot underground strata fractured by highpressure water injection. Water heats as it flows through the rock, and is extracted as hot water or steam from a nearby well. DOE Hot dry rock research facility, New Mexico
17 Significant Power Production 3000 MW in US Today As of 2008, 4,000 MW of new geothermal under development 4 th largest source of renewable energy in the US in 2007 Accounts for 5% of California s generation in MW in US Today
18 Direct Use Agriculture (greenhouse and soil warming) Aquaculture (fish, prawn, and alligator farming) Industrial Uses (product drying and warming) Residential and District Heating Balneology (hot spring and spa bathing) Alligators in Colorado
19 Direct Use Applications District Heating Greenhouses Space Heating Snow Melting
20 Direct-Use Applications Nursery Fish Farm
21 District Heating in Western U.S. There are 18 geothermal district-heating systems operating in the western United States. Over 270 cities in the western U.S. are close enough to geothermal reservoirs to use district heating.
22 A recent study identified 271 cities and 404 communities in the 10 western states that could potentially utilize geothermal energy for district heating and other applications. Source: Geo-Heat Center, Oregon Institute of Technology.
23 Direct Use Applications Included 58 communities that have potential for power generation 33 communities with a potential for industrial applications 113 communities with space heating and cooling potential 404 communities with resort, spa, greenhouse, and aquaculture potential
24 Geothermal Source Heat Pumps
25 Geothermals Time is Now 2006 MIT study suggested that EGS could potentially supply domestic electricity totalling 517,800 MWe.
26 Geothermal Jobs Could ultimately contribute to more than 300,000 clean energy jobs
27 New Technologies Helping
28 GRC 2009 Annual Meeting Reno, Nevada at the Peppermill, October 2-7 Preconference Technical Workshops - October 2-3 Geothermal Field Trips - October 2-4 Trade Show October 4-7 Technical Sessions (250 papers & posters) October 5-7 Register at:
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