Features & Benefits. Provides Objectives-based practice questions Formatted to match the Oklahoma PASS

Transcription

1 eatures & Benefits Provides Objectives-based practice questions ormatted to match the Oklahoma PASS

2 Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with the Glencoe Science Level Green program. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without prior written permission of the publisher. Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH ISBN X Printed in the United States of America

3 CONTENTS Introduction Introduction Task Regimen Test-Taking Tips Oklahoma Grade 7 PASS Standards and Objectives Chapter 1: The Nature of Science Chapter 2: Minerals Chapter 3: Rocks Chapter 4: Atmosphere Chapter 5: Weather Chapter 6: Climate Chapter 7: Earth in Space Chapter 8: Life s Structure and Classification Chapter 9: Cell Processes Chapter 10: Cell Reproduction Chapter 11: Heredity Chapter 12: Adaptations over Time Chapter 13: Circulation and Immunity Chapter 14: Digestion, Respiration, and Excretion Chapter 15: Support, Movement, and Responses Chapter 16: Regulation and Reproduction Chapter 17: Plants Chapter 18: Interactions of Living Things Chapter 19: Conserving Resources Chapter 20: Properties and Changes of Matter Chapter 21: Substances, Mixtures, and Solubility Chapter 22: States of Matter Chapter 23: Newton s Laws of Motion Chapter 24: Energy and Energy Resources

4 Introduction What is in this book? Welcome to the Student Edition of Mastering Standardized Tests for Glencoe Science Level Green. There are three distinct sections in this workbook: Introduction: Methods This introduction provides you with methods to tackle test questions. Using the methods in this introduction, you will learn how to use the process of elimination, how to identify important information in the tests graphs, charts, and tables, as well as other skills that can help you succeed on tests. Carefully study the methods in this introduction before you begin the test questions in this workbook. This workbook was written to accompany your textbook. or every chapter in your textbook, there are two types of tests in this workbook. Chapter Test: Content Mastery or every chapter in the textbook, this workbook contains a Chapter Test. Each Chapter Test is made up of multiple-choice questions designed to assess your knowledge and understanding of the material in the corresponding chapter of the textbook. Standardized Test Practice: Test Preparation or every chapter in the textbook, this workbook contains a corresponding Standardized Test Practice. The questions in this section are designed to prepare you for national science tests such as the TerraNova, the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills (ITBS), and the Stanford Achievement Test, Ninth Edition (SAT-9). The format of the questions found in these practice tests is very similar to the format of the questions found in the actual national science tests. 2 Introduction Science Level Green

5 Task Regimen A unique four-part Task Regimen and helpful Test-Taking Tips designed to maximize the benefits of using this workbook are presented in this section. Each of the four tasks is designed to help you identify challenges and improve your performance. Each task has an assignment for you to do on your own at home and one to do in class. Often the homework and the in-class activities will be coordinated, so it is important that you concentrate on both equally. TASK At-Home Assignment In-Class Assignment TASK 1 TASK 2 TASK 3 TASK 4 Using an answer key from the teacher, locate and review any questions you missed. Place a question mark beside any question you cannot figure out and bring it to class for discussion. or each question you missed, find the pages in the textbook that cover the material and explain what specific information was needed to answer the question correctly. If you cannot find any helpful information in the textbook, write out three questions about the test question that you did not understand. or every incorrect question, go through each answer choice and explain why it is correct or incorrect. Include any tips or hints you noticed that helped you eliminate choices. Place a question mark beside any question you cannot figure out and bring it to class for discussion. Your teacher will provide you with a list of questions to work on. or each question, make observations and write down all of the information given in the test in the form of a graphic, a passage, or otherwise. Write the information directly onto the test. The teacher administers the test in a realistic test-taking environment. Work in a group to discuss any confusing questions and content areas. Then work through the confusing questions together. Your teacher will lead a discussion for each question. Share your ideas and observations with the class. Keep notes of the discussion to help your review. Work in a group to discuss each question. Make sure to note the location in the textbook where helpful information was found. Science Level Green Introduction 3

6 Test-Taking Tips Test-Taking Tips for Before the Test: 1. Be sure to get plenty of sleep the week before the test. A healthy amount of sleep is 8 9 hours every night. 2. The night before the test, try to do something relaxing but stimulating, such as playing a board game, exercising, or reading an enjoyable book. Cramming the night before the test can often hamper your memory and make you tired. 3. The morning of the test, eat a healthy breakfast with fresh foods that are high in protein and carbohydrates. 4. The morning of the test, clear your mind of any outside distractions so that you will be better able to focus on the test. If breaks are given during the test, use that time to relax and clear your mind. Test-Taking Tips for During the Test: 1. Listen to and read all directions. 2. Be sure you understand the question before reading the answer choices. Then, make sure to read and consider every answer choice. 3. Remember to carefully consider all the information presented in the test s graphics. 4. If the test is timed, be sure to pace yourself. 5. Always choose an answer. By eliminating as many incorrect choices as possible, you will have a good chance of guessing correctly and obtaining more points. 4 Introduction Science Level Green

7 Oklahoma Grade 7 PASS Standards and Objectives SCIENCE PROCESSES AND INQUIRY Process Standard 1: Observe and Measure Observing is the first action taken by the learner to acquire new information about an object, organism, or event. Opportunities for observation are developed through the use of a variety of scientific tools. Measurement allows observations to be quantified. The student will accomplish these objectives to meet this process standard. Objective 1. Identify qualitative and/or quantitative changes given conditions (e.g., temperature, mass, volume, time, position, length) before, during, and after an event. Objective 2. Use appropriate tools (e.g., metric ruler, graduated cylinder, thermometer, balances, spring scales, stopwatches) when measuring objects, organisms, and/or events. Objective 3. Use appropriate System International (SI) units (i.e., grams, meters, liters, degrees Celsius, and seconds); and SI prefixes (i.e., micro-, milli-, centi-, and kilo-) when measuring objects, organisms, and/or events. Process Standard 2: Classify Classifying establishes order. Objects, organisms, and events are classified based on similarities, differences, and interrelationships. The student will accomplish these objectives to meet this process standard. Objective 1. Use observable properties to place an object, organism, and/or event into a classification system (e.g., dichotomous keys). Objective 2. Identify properties by which a set of objects, organisms, and/or events could be ordered. Process Standard 3: Experiment Experimenting is a method of discovering information. It requires making observations and measurements to test ideas. The student will accomplish these objectives to meet this process standard. Objective 1. Ask questions about the world and design investigations that lead to scientific inquiry. Objective 2. Evaluate the design of a scientific investigation. Objective 3. Identify variables and/or controls in an experimental setup: independent (tested/experimental) variable and dependent (measured) variable. Objective 4. Identify a testable hypothesis for an experiment. Objective 5. Design and conduct experiments. Objective 6. Recognize potential hazards and practice safety procedures in all science activities. Process Standard 4: Interpret and Communicate Interpreting is the process of recognizing patterns in collected data by making inferences, predictions, or conclusions. Communicating is the process of describing, recording, and reporting experimental procedures and results to others. Communication may be oral, written, or mathematical and includes organizing ideas, using appropriate vocabulary, graphs, other visual representations, and mathematical equations. The student will accomplish these objectives to meet this process standard. Objective 1. Report data in an appropriate method when given an experimental procedure or data. Objective 2. Interpret data tables, line, bar, trend, and/or circle graphs. Objective 3. Evaluate data to develop reasonable explanations, and/or predictions. Objective 4. Accept or reject hypotheses when given results of an investigation. Objective 5. Communicate scientific procedures and explanations. Process Standard 5: Inquiry Inquiry can be defined as the skills necessary to carry out the process of scientific or systemic thinking. In order for inquiry to occur, students must have the opportunity to ask a question, formulate a procedure, and observe phenomena. The student will accomplish these objectives to meet this process standard. Objective 1. Use systematic observations, make accurate measurements, and identify and control variables. Objective 2. Use technology to gather data and analyze results of investigations. Objective 3. Review data, summarize data, and form logical conclusions. Objective 4. ormulate and evaluate explanations proposed by examining and comparing evidence, pointing out statements that go beyond evidence, and suggesting alternative explanations. Science Level Green Introduction 5

8 PHYSICAL SCIENCE Standard 1: Properties and Physical Changes in Matter Physical characteristics of objects can be described using shape, size, and mass whereas the materials from which objects are made can be described using color and texture. The student will engage in investigations that integrate the process standards and lead to the discovery of the following objectives: Objective 1. Matter has physical properties that can be measured (i.e., mass, volume, temperature, color, texture, and density). Physical changes of a substance do not alter the chemical nature of a substance (e.g., phase changes of water and/or sanding wood). Objective 2. A mixture of substances often can be separated into the original substance using one or more of the physical properties. LIE SCIENCE Standard 2: Structure and unction in Living Systems Living systems at all levels of organization demonstrate the complementary nature of structure and function. The student will engage in investigations that integrate the process standards and lead to the discovery of the following objectives: Objective 1. Living systems are organized by levels of complexity (i.e., cells, tissues, organs, and/or systems). Objective 2. Specialized structures perform specific functions at all levels of complexity (e.g., leaves on trees and wings on birds). Standard 3: Reproduction and Heredity Reproduction is the process by which organisms give rise to offspring. Heredity is the passing of traits to offspring. All organisms must be able to grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment. The student will engage in investigations that integrate the process standards and lead to the discovery of the following objectives: Objective 1. Characteristics of an organism result from inheritance and from interactions with the environment. Objective 2. Reproduction is essential for species survival. Individual organisms with certain traits are more likely to survive and produce offspring. Standard 4: Behavior and Regulations All organisms must be able to grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment. Behavioral response is a set of actions determined in part by heredity and in part by experience. The student will engage in investigations that integrate the process standards and lead to the discovery of the following objectives: Objective 1. Living organisms strive to maintain a constant internal environment (i.e., temperature regulation). Objective 2. Living organisms have physical and/or behavioral responses to external stimuli (e.g., hibernation, migration, plant growth). EARTH/SPACE SCIENCE Standard 5: Structures of the Earth System The earth is mostly rock, three-fourths of its surface is covered by a relatively thin layer of water, and the entire planet is surrounded by a relatively thin blanket of air, and is able to support life. The student will engage in investigations that integrate the process standards and lead to the discovery of the following objectives: Objective 1. Global patterns of atmospheric movement influence local weather such as oceans' effect on climate. Objective 2. Clouds, formed by the condensation of water vapor, affect local weather and climate. Standard 6: Earth and the Solar System The earth is the third planet from the sun in a system that includes the moon, the sun, eight other planets and their moons, and smaller objects, such as, asteroids and comets. The student will engage in investigations that integrate the process standards and lead to the discovery of the following objectives: Objective 1. Most objects in the solar system are in regular and predictable motion. Those motions explain such phenomena as the day, the year, phases of the moon, and eclipses. Objective 2. Seasons result from variations in the amount of the sun s energy hitting the surface, due to the tilt of the earth s rotation on its axis and the length of the day. 6 Introduction Science Level Green

9 Name: Date: Chapter 1 The Nature of Science Class: Chapter Test DIRECTIONS Read each question and choose the best answer. Then fill in the correct answer on your answer document. Characteristics of Some Halogens Halogen Name Atomic Number luorine 9 Chlorine 17 Bromine 35 Iodine Atomic Mass Melting Point ( C) Boiling Point ( C) According to this information, which halogen has a melting point greater than 0 C? 3. All of these activities are examples of safe laboratory practices EXCEPT. a. wearing safety goggles when using any source of heat b. handling any sharp instrument with extreme care c. keeping all lids closed when chemicals are not in use d. smelling a chemical directly from its container a. luorine b. Chlorine T c. Bromine d. Iodine S Q mL milk fruit punch iced tea water 2. This picture shows an experiment used to determine which liquid will boil first. Which of the following would make this a better-designed experiment? f. Put a thermometer in each beaker g. Use the same amount of liquid in each beaker h. Cover each beaker with clear plastic j. Use a different size hotplate for each beaker 4. Pierre did research about Earth s crust. He found that it is about 8% aluminum, 28% silicon, 47% oxygen, and 17% other elements. Which area of the graph represents silicon? f. Q g. R h. S j. T R The Nature of Science 7

10 Chapter Test Chapter 1 The Nature of Science Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday High Tide in the Morning 4:49 A.M. 5:39 A.M. 6:29 A.M.? 7. Which has been the greatest benefit of mandatory childhood immunization? a. Developing a cure for AIDS b. Eliminating polio c. Preventing respiratory infections d. Improving nutrition 5. These data show the times of high tides for three days at a given location. If everything remains the same, at what time will high tide occur on Thursday morning? a. 5:19 A.M. b. 6:19 A.M. c. 7:19 A.M. d. 8:19 A.M. Temperature ( C) Preferred Temperature Ranges for Some ish Bass 6. According to this information, which type of fish prefers the lowest water temperature? f. Bass g. Goldfish h. Perch j. Salmon Goldfish Perch Salmon Nutrition acts Serving Size 1/2 Cup (124g) Servings Per Container about 4.2 Amount Per Serving Calories 115 Calories from at 40 % Daily Value** Total at 5g 8% Saturated at 3g 15% Cholesterol 25mg 8% Sodium 380mg 16% Total Carbohydrate 3g Dietary iber 0g 1% 0% Sugars 4g Protein 15g 30% 8. If Charles were to eat two servings of this cottage cheese, how many grams of fat would he eat? f. 6 grams g. 8 grams h. 10 grams j. 16 grams 8 The Nature of Science

11 Chapter 1 The Nature of Science Standardized Test Practice DIRECTIONS Read each question. Then, on your answer sheet, mark the answer choice that you think is best. 1 oseph wants to analyze a problem. In order to get started, he imagines a simplified representation of reality, or A a model B a table 4 Which of the following could not be answered by scientific methods? How hot is hot chocolate? G How long can I hold a bubble-gum bubble before it pops? C a variable H How pretty is the Mona Lisa? D an inquiry How heavy is my science textbook? 2 Which of the following would most likely be found in a poorly designed experiment? 5 An important element of an experiment is the hypothesis. A hypothesis helps an experimenter by variable G control H bias safety A providing a process for efficient communication of the experimental results B allowing the researcher to rapidly draw conclusions following the experiment 3 Which of these features protects researchers from having a few atypical results that may skew the conclusion for an entire experiment? A accuracy B repetition C background research D precision 6 C framing a question that the experiment can attempt to answer D making available a safety program to protect the health of the experimenter Even as science searches for answers to questions about the world, it helps society by providing solutions to moral issues G political analysis H technological advances absolute, unchangeable knowledge The Nature of Science 9

12 Standardized Test Practice Chapter 1 The Nature of Science 7 Beth has been assigned a laboratory project. Which of these would be a poor scientific method for her to use to complete the project? A referring to prior knowledge B using technology C keeping a lab notebook D imposing personal values Directions: Read Numbers 8 and 9 below. Then, on the lines that follow, write your answers in complete sentences. 8 Models are used by professions all over the world. Think of an example of a model that you use in everyday life. Describe the model and list the benefits of using that model. 9 Imagine an experiment that you would like to conduct. What are the steps you would take in order to plan the experiment? 10 The Nature of Science

13 Chapter Test Chapter 2 Minerals DIRECTIONS Choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions. 3. Titanium has all of these properties EXCEPT. a. durability b. low density c. crystalline structure d. non-toxicity 1. Which mineral property is being tested in the diagram above? a. cleavage b. hardness c. luster d. streak Orthoclase Topaz Mica Albite 2. What property is being shown in all of the minerals above? f. metallic luster g. fracture h. cleavage j. streak 4. When conditions permit, many minerals form crystals with elaborate geometric patterns. The crystalline structure of quartz shown in the diagram above is due to. f. the types of chemical elements contained within the crystal g. the internal arrangement of atoms within the crystal h. how long ago the crystal formed j. the shape of the surrounding rocks where the crystal formed Minerals 11

14 Chapter Test Chapter 2 Minerals Moh s Scale of Hardness Dilute Hydrochloric Acid 5. amaal placed a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) on an unknown mineral sample. The mineral sample fizzed, producing bubbles of a gas. Most likely, the mineral sample was. a. calcite b. feldspar c. quartz d. mica 6. Information about silicate would most likely be found under which heading in a table of contents? f. Moh s Scale of Hardness g. A Sparkling Wonder: The Hope Diamond h. Minerals ormed by Silicon and Oxygen j. Minerals That Taste Good! 7. According to the chart, which of the following is the hardest mineral? a. quartz b. feldspar c. calcite d. diamond Talc Gypsum Calcite luorite Apatite eldspar Quartz Topaz Corundum Diamond Minerals

15 Standardized Test Practice Chapter 2 Minerals DIRECTIONS Read each question. Then, on your answer sheet, mark the answer choice that you think is best. Mineral Biotite Mica Calcite luorite Galena Cleavage/ racture Cleavage thin Cleavage rhombic Cleavage 90 Cleavage 90 Color black to brown white to clear purple to clear silver to gray Streak Green White White Black Luster Glassy Glassy Glassy Metallic 3 Most of the minerals found in rocks belong to a group that contains silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals. This group is called the A carbonates B ores C oxides D silicates 1 Which of these could have a glassy luster, a white streak, a clear color, and cleavage at 90º? A biotite mica B calcite C fluorite D galena 4 A mineral that contains a useful substance that can be mined for profit is called an ore. Which of the following may be classified as an ore? calcite (CaCO 3 ) G halite (NaCl) H hematite (e 2 O 3 ) 2 In beach sand, quartz is the most abundant mineral because of its hardness G streak H cleavage luster quartz (SiO 2 ) Minerals 13

16 Standardized Test Practice Chapter 2 Minerals 5 Mass (g) A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid with a definite chemical composition. Which of the following is not a mineral? A calcite B coal C halite D talc Scale of Hardness 1 Talc 2 Gypsum 3 Calcite 4 luorite 5 Apatite 6 Orthoclase feldspar 7 Quartz 8 Topaz 9 Corundum 10 Diamond Which of these statements is true? A Apatite can scratch fluorite. B Diamond can be scratched by corundum. C Calcite can scratch quartz. Softest Hardest D Topaz can be scratched by quartz. 6 A student plotted the mass and volume of five different samples of the same mineral as shown on the graph above. She calculated the density using the formula D = M/V. The density she recorded was most likely measured in grams G cubic centimeters H pounds per square inch Volume (cm 3 ) grams per cubic centimeter 8 Which statement provides the best description of the mineral property called streak? Streak is the way a mineral reflects light from its surface. G Streak is the color of the powder left by a mineral when it is rubbed against a surface. H Streak is the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched. Streak is the tendency of a mineral to easily break along smooth, definite surfaces. 14 Minerals

17 Chapter Test Chapter 3 Rocks DIRECTIONS Choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions. Group A Group B 3. Slate belongs to a group of rocks that have mineral grains lined up in parallel layers. According to this definition, which of these is slate? 1. The rocks in Group A are different from the rocks in Group B because only the rocks in Group A have. a. foliated layers b. the mineral quartz c. visible crystals d. plant and animal remains a. b. Rock Name Conglomerate Sandstone Siltstone Shale Detrital Sedimentary Rocks Grain Size larger than 0.2 cm to 0.2 cm to cm smaller than cm Composition gravel, pebbles sand 2. According to the table, a sedimentary rock with a grain size of 0.1 cm would have the name. f. conglomerate g. sandstone h. siltstone j. shale silt clay Appearance rounded fragments fine to coarse very fine grain compact; splits easily c. d. Rocks 15

18 Chapter Test Chapter 3 Rocks River Q R S T 6. The size of crystals in igneous rock can be determined by how fast the magma cools and solidifies. The faster the magma cools, the smaller the crystals. Which sample of granite formed from magma that cooled and solidified at the slowest rate? f. 4. The diagram is a geologic cross-section of an area where a river has exposed a cliff of rock layers. According to the picture, which rock layer is the oldest? f. Q g. R h. S j. T g. CaCO 3 Limestone 5. According to this chemical formula, all of the following elements are found in limestone EXCEPT. a. calcium b. carbon c. hydrogen d. oxygen h. j. 16 Rocks

19 Standardized Test Practice Chapter 3 Rocks DIRECTIONS Read each question. Then, on your answer sheet, mark the answer choice that you think is best. Igneous rock Weathering and erosion Deposition Sediments Solidification Melting Metamorphic rock Burial and cementing Sedimentary rock Metamorphism Heat and/or pressure 1 2 Which statement is best supported by the information shown in the diagram? A Igneous rocks form by the melting and solidification of magma. B Metamorphic rocks form by burial and cementing of sediments. C Sedimentary rocks form by heat and pressure applied to other rocks. D Igneous rocks form by weathering and erosion of other rocks. Sedimentary rocks are classified according to grain size. Which of these is a measure of grain size? grams G milliliters H centimeters meters per second 3 arina observed large crystals in a sample of granite. The large crystals in the sample were most likely formed by the A compaction and cementation of sediments B weathering and erosion of igneous rock C slow cooling and solidification of magma D application of heat and pressure from overlying rock layers Rocks 17

20 Standardized Test Practice Chapter 3 Rocks 6 Which of the following instruments would be used to measure the volume of a rock sample? rocks pebbles sand silt clay 4 Silt and clay settle to the ocean bottom farther from the shore than rocks and pebbles because of their G chemical composition G spherical shape H crystalline structure low density H 5 Which statement accurately describes the process of metamorphism? A Metamorphism is the changing of one type of rock into another as a result of heat and pressure. B Metamorphism occurs only in active volcanoes. C Erosion is the cause of all metamorphism. D Metamorphism is the change that occurs in species over time A geologist measured the density of a sample of basalt. The density recorded was most likely measured in A grams B grams per cubic centimeter C pounds 3 D centimeters per pound Rocks

21 Chapter Test Chapter 4 Atmosphere DIRECTIONS Choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions. 1. Earth s atmosphere changed over time and eventually was able to support plant life. Which of these is the most likely cause of the change? a. Increased volcanic activity produced a lot of nitrogen and carbon dioxide gas. b. Gases from outer space entered Earth s atmosphere. c. Sunlight caused oxygen gas to form in the atmosphere. d. The ozone layer formed, protecting plants from ultraviolet radiation. 3. What type of energy transfer occurs when the heat in the sand transfers to the person s feet? a. convection b. conduction c. radiation d. kinetic 2. In which one of Earth s systems are these pictures taking place? f. mesosphere g. stratosphere h. hydrosphere j. thermosphere 4. Which of these characteristics would be the most important in a sunscreen? f. the brand name g. the types of moisturizing ingredients for the skin h. the amount of protection from ultraviolet radiation j. the quality of the perfumes added Atmosphere 19

22 Chapter Test Chapter 4 Atmosphere Thermosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere 7. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the troposphere? a. Contains a high level of water vapor b. Contains a high level of atmospheric gases c. Contains a high level of ozone d. Extends from the surface of Earth up to about 10 kilometers 5. In the thermosphere, there is a layer called the ionosphere that can help radio waves travel. The ionosphere is made up of. a. electrically charged particles b. prevailing easterlies c. ultraviolet radiation from the sun d. carbon dioxide gas from cars 8. Which of the following causes cold air to move from the land to the water? f. sea breeze g. Coriolis effect h. land breeze j. trade winds 6. Which type of wind generally moves from the southwest to the northeast in the northern hemisphere? f. polar easterlies g. jet stream h. sea breeze j. prevailing westerlies RADIATION CONVECTION CONDUCTION 9. Which of these can be associated with the group above? a. ozone b. ultraviolet c. heat d. thermosphere 20 Atmosphere

23 Standardized Test Practice Sun Rays Chapter 4 Atmosphere DIRECTIONS Read each question. Then, on your answer sheet, mark the answer choice that you think is best. Ozone Layer 1 Plants and animals thrived on Earth after the ozone layer was formed. It protects the Earth from A solar radiation B meteor showers C acid rain D volcanic gas 3 et streams enable pilots to reach their destinations faster. Which of these must be true in order for this to happen? A There can be no clouds or rain in the jet stream. B The wind and plane have to be moving in the same direction. C The plane has to be flying at altitudes lower than the clouds. 2 Seth s teacher explained that the hydrosphere consists of all the water on Earth s surface. Which of the following is a part of the hydrosphere? snow G wind H sunlight soil 4 D The plane has to be flying in a windy season. Some people need special products to prevent them from getting sunburned. These products can do this by changing the skin into a darker color G absorbing sunlight into the skin H reflecting sunshine from the skin like a mirror preventing harmful UV rays from entering the skin Atmosphere 21

24 Standardized Test Practice Chapter 4 Atmosphere 5 Type of Transfer Radiation Conduction Convection Heat Transfer Heat can be transferred in several ways. This table describes three types of heat transfer. Which of the following is an example of conduction? A sun shining on a metal chair B fire heating a room C a metal pan burning a hand D hair dryer blowing hair How It Transfers With rays or waves Contact of material low of material 6 7 Car exhaust combines with the air to form brown haze. A decrease in the number of people driving would result in an increase in the amount of pollution G a decrease in the amount of clean air H an increase in the amount of traffic a decrease in the amount of brown haze The troposphere is the layer of the atmosphere closest to Earth s surface. Which of these would you expect to find in the troposphere? A a shooting star B extremely high temperatures C clouds and rain D the ionosphere Directions: Read Number 8 below. Then, on the lines that follow, write your answer in complete sentences. 8 Some areas of Earth receive much more wind than other areas. Early traders used sailboats to travel across the ocean. Explain why it was necessary for them to learn which areas had wind and which areas didn t. 22 Atmosphere

25 Chapter Test Chapter 5 Weather DIRECTIONS Choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions. Warm air W Cold air X Cold air Warm air Cold air Warm air Y Z 1. What is the correct sequence for the formation of a cold front? a. W, Y, X, Z b. Y, W, X, Z c. Y, Z, X, W d. Z, X, W, Y 2. Which of these facts best explains why warmer air causes an increase in humidity and cooler air causes a decrease in humidity? f. Sunlight evaporates moisture. g. Saturated air cannot hold any more moisture. h. Cool air causes water molecules to join and condense. j. The dew point changes with the amount of moisture in the air. Atmospheric pressure Line 3 Line 4 Line 1 Line Temperature of Air ( C) 3. Which of the lines above correctly represents the relationship of temperature to atmospheric pressure? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 Weather 23

26 Chapter Test Chapter 5 Weather A B 5. Severe weather can be very dangerous. What does it mean when the National Weather Service issues a tornado warning? a. There is a small chance of a tornado forming. b. A tornado is in a nearby area, but it is not severe enough to cause damage. c. A tornado might occur the next day. d. A tornado has been sighted and immediate action should be taken. C D 4. The pictures show different types of clouds. Which of these shows cumulus clouds? f. A g. B h. C j. D Precipitation Amounts Month March April May une uly August Precipitation (cm) According to the chart, which month had the LEAST precipitation? f. March g. May h. une j. August 24 Weather

27 Standardized Test Practice Chapter 5 Weather DIRECTIONS Read each question. Then, on your answer sheet, mark the answer choice that you think is best. 1 Thunder and Lightning Chain of Events Lightning occurs Sound waves are produced Air heats Air molecules contract quickly Which of these statements is correct? A Thunder is electricity. Air molecules expand quickly Lightning stops Air cools B Thunder comes before lightning. C Lightning causes thunder. D Air molecules change into lightning. 3 Humidity is the amount of moisture in the air. What would cause the humidity to decrease? A thunderstorms B snow C rain D drought 2 With which of these would you expect to find very high winds? rain G hurricane H snow flood 4 The picture above shows a device that helps determine the amount of rain G wind speed H direction of wind weather Weather 25

28 Standardized Test Practice Chapter 5 Weather 5 Which sentence below might explain how lightning occurs? 7 Which of the following is not an example of severe weather? A Oppositely charged air molecules attract and make light from electricity. B High winds make air move so fast that it turns into light. C Light from the sun reflects from the rain in quick bursts down to Earth s surface. D Lightning comes from any type of storm. 8 A blizzard B rain C flood D hurricane A meteorologist has located a storm on radar. She would most likely use technology to determine 6 Meteorologists use satellites to where the storm is headed G where the storm started predict the weather G diminish tornadoes H when the storm started what areas have no storms H change the weather determine vacation plans Directions: Read Number 9 below. Then, on the lines that follow, write your answer in complete sentences. 9 Design an experiment to collect data about how rain affects air temperature. 26 Weather

29 Chapter Test Chapter 6 Climate DIRECTIONS Choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions. H 2 O 3. The most likely cause of an increase in Earth s temperature is. a. an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases b. an increase in the amount of energy from the sun c. a decrease in the atmospheric gases d. a hole in the ozone layer 1. Walruses live in polar climates. If the temperature of the climate changed and became warmer, which adaptation would NOT be appropriate for the new climate? a. tusks b. fins c. extra fat d. smooth skin 2. During El Niño, wind and precipitation patterns are affected around the world. Which of the following changes can occur as a result? f. floods in Australia and Africa g. storms in California h. droughts in the southern United States j. decrease in ocean temperatures Heat Absorbed 4. Which area in the picture would contribute most to a temperature increase in the city? f. grassy area g. building h. light posts j. parking lot Climate 27

30 Chapter Test Chapter 6 Climate 5. Information about global warming would most likely be found under which heading in a table of contents? a. Solar Energy b. Seasonal Temperature Changes c. Greenhouse Effect d. Wind Patterns 6. In general, the behavorial adaptation that provides animals the most benefit in the winter is. f. thick fur g. sharp teeth h. sweating j. hibernation Wind 7. Which of these would form on the side of the mountain not facing the wind? a. lake b. glacier c. forest d. desert Carbon dioxide in the air Trees take in carbon dioxide Amount of carbon dioxide decreases 8. Which of the following human activities would most affect the cycle shown above? f. burning fossil fuels g. deforestation h. pollution j. farming 28 Climate

31 Standardized Test Practice Chapter 6 Climate DIRECTIONS Read each question. Then, on your answer sheet, mark the answer choice that you think is best. 1 Over time, animals adapt to their environments. Which animal has adapted to life in the hot tropical zone? A snake CO 2 CO 2 B moose C penguin D snowy owl 2 erry s teacher gave him a rain gauge. He was able to use it to find out CO 2 CO 2 how many clouds were in the area G how much rain had fallen H the average temperature 4 Which statement about trees is true? They release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. the level of rain pollution G They use sunlight to clean the air. 3 We can help reduce the amount of energy used by changing simple things in our lives. Which of these would help save energy? A watch less television B keep lights on at night C drive instead of walk D drink more water 5 H They do not play a role in the carbon dioxide cycle. They help reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. Areas closer to the equator receive the most direct sunlight. Therefore, areas far from the equator probably A receive a lot of rain B often have storms and tornadoes C are not as warm D are more sunny Climate 29

32 Standardized Test Practice Chapter 6 Climate 6 Scientists have found rock layers that show there was once ice covering the land. Which of the following can scientists learn from this process? Sun Rays Sun Rays how many animals lived G if there were people around H the climate of the area at that time 7 what the climate will be in the future Some animals must undergo a time of greatly reduced activity in the winter in order to survive. They might do this because 8 The picture shows how a greenhouse traps energy from the Sun. If Earth s atmosphere acted similarly, what would happen to our climate? many more plants would grow G an ice age would occur A it makes them grow bigger B they have nothing to do H it might get warmer nothing would change C they are tired D there is not enough food Directions: Read Number 9 below. Then, on the lines that follow, write your answer in complete sentences. 9 Trees are important because they remove carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen. They are also home to many types of living things. Humans have cut down many forests. What positive and negative effects could this have? 30 Climate

33 Chapter 7 Earth in Space Chapter Test DIRECTIONS Read each question and choose the best answer. Then fill in the correct answer on your answer document. ull Moon March 1 Day Time of Moonrise 1. Based on the information in the diagram, which of the following shows how the Moon will appear on March 19? a. b. Waning Gibbous March 5 Last Quarter March 8 Waning Crescent March 12 New Moon (invisible) March 16 Tuesday Wednesday Thursday riday? 3. These data were collected by observing the time the Moon rose over a four-day period. If everything remains the same, at about what time will the Moon rise on riday? a. 8:30 P.M. b. 9:10 P.M. c. 9:50 P.M. d. 10:20 P.M. 7:20 P.M. 8:10 P.M. 9:00 P.M. c. d. 2. Which of these causes seasonal changes on Earth? f. The changing distance between Earth and the Sun g. The tilt of Earth on its axis h. The location of Earth in the solar system j. The changing speed of Earth in its orbit around the Sun Q R S T 4. These pictures show the waxing phases of the Moon. Which of these orders the waxing phases of the Moon from first to last? f. S, T, Q, R g. S, Q, T, R h. R, T, Q, S j. Q, S, T, R Earth in Space 31

34 Chapter Test Chapter 7 Earth in Space 5. Which of these causes the change from day to night on Earth? T Q R a. The changing distance between Earth and the Sun b. The fact that Earth is tilted on its axis S c. The rotation of Earth on its axis d. The changing speed of Earth in its orbit around the Sun 6. The diameter of Earth is 12,756 km. The diameter of Earth s Moon is 3,476 km. Which pair of circles best represents the relative sizes of Earth and its Moon? f. g. Earth Earth Moon Moon 7. Astronomers have done chemical analysis of the atmosphere surrounding the planet upiter. They found that it is about 92% hydrogen, 7% helium, 0.5% methane, and 0.5% ammonia. Which area of the graph represents helium? a. Q b. R c. S d. T h. j. Earth Earth Moon Moon 32 Earth in Space

35 Chapter 7 Earth in Space Standardized Test Practice DIRECTIONS Read each question. Then, on your answer sheet, mark the answer choice that you think is best. 1 Which of the following best describes the shape of Earth? 3 Which of the following could be described as a gaseous giant planet? A perfectly spherical A Mars B spherical, with a slight bulge at the poles C spherical, with a slight bulge at the equator B Earth C upiter D Venus D cubic 2 Which of these statements is an accurate description of a lunar eclipse? Earth rotates around its axis at exactly the same rate that it revolves around the Moon, momentarily blocking out a view of the Moon. G The Moon rotates around its axis at exactly the same rate that it revolves around Earth, momentarily blocking out a view of the Sun. H The Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, momentarily blocking out a view of the Sun. Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, momentarily making the Moon appear deep red. 4 5 Which of the following hypothetical reasons may have caused nebulae to condense and form our solar system? Shock waves from a nearby comet G Shock waves from a nearby supernova H Vaporization from the Sun Vaporization from a nearby comet s tail An amateur astronomer measured the distance to a new asteroid, located near Pluto. The distance the amateur astronomer recorded was most likely measured in A astronomical units B kilometers C centimeters D inches Earth in Space 33

36 Standardized Test Practice Chapter 7 Earth in Space 6 As a meteorite falls to Earth, Earth s atmosphere cools down the meteorite, solidifying it 7 Which of the following describes a characteristic shared by both Uranus and Neptune? A A total of eighteen moons G heats up the meteorite, burning it B The fastest winds of any planet H compresses the meteorite, making it heavier C a distinctive red color from gaseous nitrogen expands the meteorite, lengthening it D a distinctive blue color from atmospheric methane Directions: Read Numbers 8 and 9 below. Then, on the lines that follow, write your answers in complete sentences. 8 Use what you know about the revolution of the Moon around Earth to explain the Moon s phases. Draw a diagram as part of your explanation. 9 Describe the similarities and differences between the inner and outer planets. 34 Earth in Space

37 Chapter 8 Life s Structure and Classification Chapter Test DIRECTIONS Choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions. 1. Which of these statements about cells is true? f. All cells respond to light. g. They do not make up most living things. h. They take in materials from their surroundings. j. They do not contain any hereditary material. 4. Scientists study many things about an organism to learn how to classify it. Which of these is used to determine how to classify an organism? f. How does the organism develop? g. How much food does it eat each day? h. What type of habitat does it live in? j. How many organisms of that type are alive today? 2. Even though the weather is cold, the squirrel maintains a constant body temperature. What is this trait called? a. stimuli b. biogenesis c. homeostasis d. hypothesis 3. Organisms need all of the following things EXCEPT. f. energy g. water h. a place to live j. hunting skills 5. The scientific name for a wolf is Canis lupis. What does the second word in the name represent? a. genus b. kingdom c. specific epithet d. domain name 6. Which two-part organelle is most responsible for making the cell s proteins? a. mitochondrion b. ribosome c. recycling organelle d. chloroplast Life s Structure and Classification 35

38 Chapter Test Chapter 8 Life s Structure and Classification W X Y 7. The picture above shows four petri dishes that receive different amounts of light every day. The clock face indicates the amount of light each petri dish receives. The petri dishes are filled with euglenoids, single-celled organisms that use chloroplasts to survive. Which plate can probably sustain the largest number of euglenoids? f. W g. X h. Y j. Z 8. Which structure supplies energy through aerobic respiration? a. nucleus b. ribosome c. endoplasmic reticulum d. mitochondrion Z 9. The rectangle in the picture above represents a cell. What are the triangles? a. nucleoli b. active viruses c. cytoskeletons d. latent viruses 10. A chemical that harms only prokaryotic cells would affect which of the following? f. fungi g. plants h. animals j. bacteria 36 Life s Structure and Classification

39 Standardized Test Practice Chapter 8 Life s Structure and Classification DIRECTIONS Read each question. Then, on your answer sheet, mark the answer choice that you think is best. Grow and Develop Respond Take In and Use Energy Living Things A B 1 Reproduce Organized Which of these statements is correct? 3 Plant A is growing well, but plant B is not growing as well. Which of these would probably help plant B? A Rocks grow and develop from energy. A adding more water B Energy uses living things. B putting it in a much smaller pot C Trees respond to the wind. C opening the window shade D Young animals grow into mature animals. D changing the soil 4 Which of these pictures is an example of a mitochondrion? Which of these birds most likely would be classified in the same group? G H 1 and 3 G 2 and 4 H 1 and 2 3 and 4 Life s Structure and Classification 37

40 Standardized Test Practice Chapter 8 Life s Structure and Classification 5 Chlorophyll is contained in a plant s A viruses B roots C chloroplasts D mitochondria 6 The liver, which is made of a variety of different cell types, helps digest food. The liver is a type of organelle G species H cell theory organ Directions: Read Numbers 7 8 below. Then, on the lines that follow, write your answers in complete sentences. 7 8 The pictures show various living things. Describe what all living things need in order to survive. Because viruses can multiply, some people consider them to be living organisms. Discuss the life cycle of a virus and how it is different from that of a cell. 38 Life s Structure and Classification

41 Chapter Test Chapter 9 Cell Processes DIRECTIONS Choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions. Rates of Creation of A and B A (moles) Rate of Creation of B when A is alone (moles/minute) Temperature ( C) Rate of Creation of B when A is in the Presence of X (moles/minute) Amount of X Present In a particular chemical reaction, substance A is converted into substance B. The amounts of the substances are measured in moles, a standard used by chemists. Which of the following is probably the hypothesis for this experiment? a. Substance X catalyzes the conversion of A to B. b. Substance B can convert into substance X. c. An increase in temperature decelerates most chemical reactions. d. Large amounts of substance A cannot be affected by substance X. Nitrogen (no charge) Nitrogen (positive charge) Electron 2. Which of the following could best describe what the nitrogen in the above illustration has become? f. compound g. ion h. organic j. mixture 3. A cell biologist is studying how cells use a particular substance. If energy is used to move this substance across a cell membrane, then. a. the cells may be using passive transport b. facilitated diffusion may be involved c. the cells must be using active transport d. the cells must rely on diffusion 4. Each of the following is an example of fermentation EXCEPT. f. a working muscle cell toward the end of a marathon run g. a brain cell used while reading a magazine h. a sulfur-respiring bacterial cell j. an organism used to turn milk into cheese Cell Processes 39

42 Chapter Test Chapter 9 Cell Processes 7. The chemical processes that go on in the human stomach, liver, and lungs help keep humans alive. All of those processes are part of. a. inorganic compounds b. the digestive system c. diffusion d. metabolism 5. The experiment pictured above shows how the two substances in the beaker retain their properties even under different conditions. According to this information, the contents of the beaker must be. a. a mixture b. a salt c. an inorganic compound d. ions Mitochondria Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Chromosomes Golgi body 6. Where in the cell does respiration occur? f. endoplasmic reticulum g. nucleus h. Golgi body j. mitochondria 8. The triangles and circles represent different substrates in and near the cell. The best explanation for the presence of the triangles inside the cell is. f. diffusion g. passive transport h. facilitated diffusion j. active transport 9. Plants utilize chlorophyll containing chloroplasts and mitochondria. What is the purpose of mitochondria when a cell already has chloroplasts? a. to store vitamins b. to turn sugars into energy c. to help plants store water d. to fight off infection and disease 40 Cell Processes