A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.
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1 Minerals
2 Objectives List the 5 traits of minerals Identify minerals Describe characteristics of minerals Know how minerals form Describe ways that we use minerals
3 A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.
4 Naturally Occurring Formed by processes that occur in the natural world
5 Inorganic Not formed from materials that were once part of a living thing.
6 Solid Solid, with a definite volume and shape.
7 Crystal structure Particles of a mineral line up in a pattern that repeats over and over again. Flat sides are called faces
8 Definite Chemical Composition Always contains certain elements in definite proportions. Example quartz has one atom of silicon for every two atoms of oxygen (SiO 2 )
9 Bell Question 1/10/11 What are the 5 criteria that a mineral has to meet in order to be called a mineral?
10 Identifying Minerals Each mineral has characteristic properties that can be used to identify it.
11 Color Color is easily observed but alone provides too little information to make an identification Observe surface of mineral Mercury Ore
12 Streak The color of its powder Streak color and mineral color are often different Observe color of powder on unglazed tile
13 Luster How light is reflected from a mineral s surface. Observe how mineral reflects light
14 Density Mass in a given space No matter the sample size, density is the same Find mass per unit volume Galena
15 Hardness Mohs hardness scale 10 minerals from softest to hardest Perform a scratch test
16 Crystal Systems Crystals grow atom by atom to form that mineral s crystal structure Geometric shape Observe number and angle of crystal faces
17 Cleavage and Fracture The way a mineral breaks apart Break mineral apart to see if it splits along flat surfaces.
18 Special properties Special or unique physical property Examples include magnetism, fluorescence, optical properties
19 Luster Metallic - Galena Glassy - Topaz Waxy, Greasy or Pearly Talc
20 Luster Submetallic or dull - Graphite Silky - Malachite Earthy - Hematite
21 Key Terms Book F, Chapter 4 write down a definition for the following words 1. Mineral 2. inorganic 3. crystal 4. streak 5. luster 6. Mohs hardness scale 7. cleavage 8. fracture 9. geode 10.crystallization 11.solution 12.gemstone 13.ore 14.smelting 15.alloy Read pages F F122 Page F122 questions 1-2
22 Bell Questions 1/11/11 1. True or False, Color is the best way to identify a mineral. 2. What test can you perform to find the streak of a mineral? 3. What is luster?
23 Mohs Hardness Scale 1. Talc flakes when scratched by a fingernail 2. Gypsum a fingernail can easily scratch it 3. Calcite a fingernail can t scratch it but a penny can
24 Mohs Hardness Scale 4. Fluorite a steel knife can easily scratch it 5. Apatite a steel knife can scratch it 6. Feldspar It can t be scratched by a knife but it can scratch window glass
25 Mohs Hardness Scale 7. Quartz it can scratch steel and hard glass easily 8. Topaz It can scratch quartz easily 9. Corundum It can scratch topaz
26 Mohs Hardness Scale 10.Diamond The hardest known material. It can scratch all other materials
27 Bell Questions 1/12/11 1. The softest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale is. 2. What mineral will scratch all others? 3. Shiny minerals, such as galena, are said to have metallic.
28 Cubic Examples: Magnetite, Halite, Garnet
29 Hexagonal Six sided Examples: Beryl, apatite, Quartz
30 Tetragonal Two sides the same, one different Examples: Zircon, Rutile
31 Orthorhombic Three different Lengths Example: Sulfur
32 Monoclinic (Rectangle pushed over) Example: Azurite, Gypsum
33 Triclinic (rectangle pushed over twice) Example: Feldspar
34 How Minerals Form Minerals from magma and lava Magma below the surface Deep down it cools slowly large crystals Toward surface it cools rapidly small crystals Lava on surface Cools quickly small crystals
35
36 Minerals From Solutions Solution a mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another
37 Minerals From Solutions Evaporation water evaporates and the crystals are left behind Examples: salt, halite, gypsum, calcite
38
39 Minerals From Solutions Hot water solutions: Magma heats water, when water cools the elements leave the solution and crystallize as minerals Example: silver
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