Impoundment Fluctuation, Assessment of Littoral Zone Habitat, Mapping of Wild Rice Beds, and Assessment of River Shoreline Erosion

Transcription

1 Impoundment Fluctuation, Assessment of Littoral Zone Habitat, Mapping of Wild Rice Beds, and Assessment of River Shoreline Erosion Grandfather Falls and Tomahawk Hydroelectric Projects FERC Project Nos and 1966 July 1, 2013 An Integrys Energy Group Company

2 GRANDFATHER FALLS AND TOMAHAWK HYDROELECTRIC PROJECTS IMPOUNDMENT FLUCTUATION, ASSESSMENT OF LITTORAL ZONE HABITAT, MAPPING OF WILD RICE BEDS, AND ASSESSMENT OF RIVER SHORELINE EROSION STUDY WORK PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Page No. 1.0 INTRODUCTION STUDY DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVES ( 5.11(D)(1)) RESOURCE MANAGEMENT GOALS ( 5.11(D)(2)) EXISTING INFORMATION ( 5.11(D)(3)) Grandfather Falls Project Tomahawk Project NEXUS TO PROJECT ( 5.11(D)(4)) STUDY AREA STUDY METHODS ( 5.11(D)(5)) Impoundment Field Observations Wisconsin River Downstream of Grandfather Falls Powerhouse Field Observations Wild Rice Mapping Compilation and Analysis of Historical Project Operations Use of Additional Data Sources FINAL DELIVERABLE PROGRESS REPORTING AND SCHEDULE ( 5.11(B)(2)) AND ( 5.11(B)(3)) LEVEL OF EFFORT AND COST ( 5.11(D)(6)) REFERENCED LITERATURE APPENDICES APPENDIX A - IMPOUNDMENT FLUCTUATION FIELD DATA FORM APPENDIX B RIVER SHORELINE EROSION FIELD DATA FORM i

3 GRANDFATHER FALLS AND TOMAHAWK HYDROELECTRIC PROJECTS IMPOUNDMENT FLUCTUATION, ASSESSMENT OF LITTORAL ZONE HABITAT, MAPPING OF WILD RICE BEDS, AND ASSESSMENT OF RIVER SHORELINE EROSION STUDY WORK PLAN LIST OF FIGURES Figure Title Page No. FIGURE 1 GRANDFATHER FALLS HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT AND TOMAHAWK HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT LOCATION MAP... 2 FIGURE 2 GRANDFATHER FALLS HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT NORMAL OPERATIONS HEADPOND DAILY CHANGE EXCEEDANCE JANUARY 2008 MARCH FIGURE 3 TOMAHAWK HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT NORMAL OPERATIONS HEADPOND DAILY CHANGE EXCEEDANCE JANUARY 2008 MARCH ii

4 1.0 INTRODUCTION Wisconsin Public Service Corporation (WPS), a subsidiary of Integrys Energy Group (Integrys), as licensee of the Grandfather Falls Hydroelectric Project (Grandfather Falls) (FERC Project No. 1966) and the Tomahawk Hydroelectric Project (Tomahawk) (FERC Project No 1940), is proposing to complete an Impoundment Fluctuation and Assessment of Littoral Zone Habitat and Mapping of Wild Rice Beds Study in the impoundment of each of the Projects and an assessment of shoreline erosion downstream of the Grandfather Falls powerhouse to Bill Cross Rapids. The Grandfather Falls Project impoundment encompasses approximately 340 acres on the Wisconsin River, and the Tomahawk Project impoundment encompasses approximately 2,773 acres creating Lake Mohawksin at the confluence of the Wisconsin, the Tomahawk, and the Big Somo Rivers. The Wisconsin River flows downstream of Grandfather Falls powerhouse approximately 4.6 miles to Bill Cross Rapids, the first hydraulic constraint encountered. The objectives of this study are to characterize the effects of current project operations on erosion, littoral zone habitat, aquatic organisms, and wild rice at both projects. Further details of these objectives are provided in Section 2 of this study work plan (Plan). WPS filed the Pre-Application Document and Notice of Intent to file an application for new license September 28, 2012 for both projects under the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission s (FERC) Integrated Licensing Process (ILP). Currently, WPS is developing study plans using the ILP study criteria found in regulations at 18 CFR 5.11, including consultation with Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) and other agencies and stakeholders. The Grandfather Falls Hydroelectric Project is located on the Wisconsin River in northern Lincoln County, Wisconsin, approximately 10 miles north of the City of Merrill and approximately 30 miles north of the Wausau Metropolitan Area (Figure 1). Grandfather Falls is classified as a major hydroelectric project with an authorized capacity of megawatts (MW). Originally constructed in 1905 and enlarged in 1938, Grandfather Falls includes a concrete gravity dam, which forms the reservoir, Grandfather Falls Flowage, and a power canal with penstocks that bypass a reach of the historic Wisconsin River channel approximately one mile in length. The current FERC license was issued in 1988 and will expire on April 1,

5 FIGURE 1 GRANDFATHER FALLS HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT AND TOMAHAWK HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT LOCATION MAP 2

6 The Tomahawk Hydroelectric Project is located on the Wisconsin River, in the community of Tomahawk, in Lincoln County in northern Wisconsin approximately 100 miles northeast of Eau Claire, Wisconsin and approximately 100 miles northwest of Green Bay, Wisconsin (Figure 1). The Project includes the Tomahawk Dam, powerhouse, appurtenant facilities, and the impoundment generally to the 100-year flood elevation. Tomahawk Dam impounds Lake Mohawksin which covers approximately 2,773 acres. The Tomahawk license originally expired on December 31, 2016, but was extended to April 1, 2018 to coincide with the expiration of the Grandfather Falls Project (FERC Project No. 1966). 2.0 STUDY DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVES ( 5.11(D)(1)) The goal of this study is to provide information sufficient to enable FERC staff to understand the potential effects of Grandfather Falls and Tomahawk project operations on the fluctuation zone of the impoundments and the associated habitats, and the Wisconsin River shoreline downstream of the Grandfather Falls powerhouse to Bill Cross Rapids. The following objectives will be met by this study. 1. Observe and photo-document representative habitat types and shoreline slopes within the fluctuation zone to describe evidence of erosion and characterize the littoral zone habitat and aquatic organisms. 2. Document the areal extent of wild rice at two specific locations in the Tomahawk Project impoundment and throughout the Grandfather Falls Project impoundment. 3. Compile and analyze historical, existing impoundment elevation data to assess the extent, rate, and annual variations of water level fluctuations by providing a detailed description of the current operations at each project. 4. Assess the potential impacts of impoundment fluctuation from operations on shoreline erosion, littoral zone habitat, and aquatic organisms. 5. Assess the potential impacts of Grandfather Falls Project operations on shoreline erosion downstream to Bill Cross Rapids. 3

7 6. Compare current and potential alternative future operations for their effects on impoundment fluctuations at both projects and downstream flows at the Grandfather Falls Project. 7. Develop a map of each project impoundment showing representation of the fluctuation zone (i.e., estimated width), and the areal extent of wild rice beds throughout the Grandfather Falls impoundment and at two specific locations in the Tomahawk impoundment. 8. Develop a map of the Wisconsin River from the Grandfather Falls powerhouse to Bill Cross Rapids showing areas potentially impacted by erosion due to normal project operations. 9. Summarize potential impacts to resources of impoundment fluctuations and Grandfather Falls downstream flows caused by project operations. 3.0 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT GOALS ( 5.11(D)(2)) The goal of this study is to collect baseline information sufficient to characterize the existing fluctuation zone conditions at both project reservoirs and shoreline conditions downstream of the Grandfather Falls powerhouse, and enable FERC staff and the stakeholders to understand the effects of project operations on shoreline erosion, littoral zone habitat, aquatic organisms inhabiting the littoral zone, and wild rice beds in the impoundments. This study will aid WDNR in fulfilling their mission to protect and enhance Wisconsin s natural resources. 4.0 EXISTING INFORMATION ( 5.11(D)(3)) 4.1 Grandfather Falls Project The Grandfather Falls Project impoundment provides the necessary head for hydroelectric generation at the Grandfather Falls powerhouse with limited storage for peaking operations or flood control. The Grandfather Falls Project operates in a limited peaking operation during lower stream-flow periods. The Project reservoir has a surface area of 340 acres, a gross storage capacity of 2,540 acre-feet, and a usable storage of 340 acre-feet with the pool level maintained between elevations of and feet NGVD (FERC 1988). The impoundment extends 4

8 5.5 miles from Grandfather Falls Dam upstream to the Grandmother Falls Dam (FERC Project No. 2180). Grandfather Falls is fully automated and is remotely operated from WPS s control center in Green Bay, which is staffed 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Remote operation includes starting and stopping the hydroelectric units, monitoring kilowatt output, monitoring headwater gage and tailwater gage elevations, and maintaining headwater elevations through the operation of a heated gate. Generally, during normal peaking operations, the impoundment is drawn down to a minimum pond elevation for the day and refilled at night providing one peaking cycle per day. A summary of normal project operations January 2008 through March 2013 illustrates that Grandfather Falls reservoir elevation daily fluctuation was less than 8 inches 98 percent of the days during this period. The median daily fluctuation (exceeded 50 percent of the time) was 4 inches. See Figure 2. FIGURE 2 GRANDFATHER FALLS HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT NORMAL OPERATIONS HEADPOND DAILY CHANGE EXCEEDANCE JANUARY 2008 MARCH Daily Headpond Change (in) Grandfather Falls Headpond Daily Change Exceedance % 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Percent of Time Value Met or Exceeded 5

9 The operating regime has both seasonal and daily variation depending on seasonal precipitation and controlled releases made at upstream storage reservoirs, which are regulated by the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Company (WVIC), a state-chartered company jointly owned by hydropower owners, including WPS. Two hydroelectric projects, Tomahawk and Grandmother Falls, and a non-power dam at Spirit Lake, which are all located 5.5 to 10 miles upstream from the Grandfather Falls Project, coordinate their water releases with those from Grandfather Falls Project to ensure that adequate water is available for all users during the seasonal low-flow periods. The Tomahawk Project operates in a daily limited peaking mode. These discharges, plus those from WVIC's Spirit Lake Project, are passed in a run-of-river mode at the Grandmother Falls Project. Therefore, the hourly pattern of inflows to the Grandfather Falls reservoir generally follows the pattern of peaking operation. The storage within the fluctuation zone provided by the 1 foot of maximum drawdown is used to augment and adjust the timing of the peaking operation. Recharge of the reservoir occurs in the late evening and early morning hours. The discharges from Grandfather Falls are attenuated by the Bill Cross Rapids freeflowing stretch of the Wisconsin River and are no longer evident at WPS's downstream Alexander Project (FERC No. 1979), which operates in a run-of-river mode. 4.2 Tomahawk Project Lake Mohawksin (the Tomahawk Project impoundment) is located approximately 12 river miles upstream of the Grandfather Falls Project and 5 miles upstream of the Grandmother Falls Project. Lake Mohawksin is naturally formed by the confluence of the Big Somo, Tomahawk, and Wisconsin Rivers and raised to its present elevation by the Tomahawk Dam, provides the necessary head for hydroelectric generation at Tomahawk powerhouse, provides limited storage for peaking generation and flood control, and also serves to provide irrigation, domestic water supply, and cooling water and mixing for the Packaging Corporation of America (PCA) paper manufacturing facility just upstream of the dam. Tomahawk is operated in a limited peaking mode, with the elevation of the Project impoundment fluctuating up to 0.8 foot from the maximum pond elevation of feet NGVD down to feet NGVD. The Tomahawk impoundment has a surface area of 2,773 acres at maximum high water elevation of feet 6

10 NGVD, the useable storage capacity of the Project is approximately 1,367 acre-feet and the total storage volume is 15,200 acre feet (FERC 1985; WPS 2011). A summary of normal project operations January 2008 through March 2013 illustrates that Tomahawk reservoir elevation daily fluctuation was 3 inches or less 99 percent of the days during this period. The median daily fluctuation (exceeded 50 percent of all days) was 1 inch. See Figure 3. For the period January 2008 through March 2013, the impoundment elevations were at or above ft. ninety-nine percent of the time. FIGURE 3 TOMAHAWK HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT NORMAL OPERATIONS HEADPOND DAILY CHANGE EXCEEDANCE JANUARY 2008 MARCH Daily Headpond Change (in) Tomahawk Headpond Daily Change Exceedance 0 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Percent of Time Value Met or Exceeded Tomahawk is fully automated and is remotely operated from WPS s control center in Green Bay, which is staffed 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Generally, during normal peaking operations, the impoundment is drawn down from the maximum pond elevation during the day and refilled at night providing one peaking cycle per day. The amount of daily fluctuation is determined 7

11 primarily by the volume of water which can normally be restored to the Tomahawk reservoir during off-peak hours. The capacity of the Grandmother Falls Project (located approximately 5 miles downstream) also affects the duration of water releases. Tomahawk operation is coordinated to maximize power production from the Grandfather Falls Project, located 12.4 miles downstream of Tomahawk Dam. 5.0 NEXUS TO PROJECT ( 5.11(D)(4)) Project operations result in impoundment fluctuations, potentially affecting the littoral zone and the species that utilize the littoral zone, including wild rice. Grandfather Falls powerhouse operations under normal conditions (i.e., Wisconsin River flows are less than or equal to the capacity of the powerhouse plus the 50 cfs minimum flow released to the bypassed reach) result in peaking flows downstream, potentially contributing to shoreline erosion downstream to Bill Cross Rapids. 6.0 STUDY AREA The study area encompasses the Grandfather Falls and Tomahawk impoundments, and the Wisconsin River downstream of the Grandfather Falls powerhouse to Bill Cross Rapids (approximately 4.6 miles) STUDY METHODS ( 5.11(D)(5)) WPS proposes a qualitative method for assessment of the impact of peaking and fluctuations at Grandfather Falls and Tomahawk Projects due to the need to assess impoundment fluctuations of as little magnitude as 0.3 ft. The study methods will entail six (6) distinct tasks as enumerated below and detailed in the following text. 1 Based on existing information, it appears Bill Cross Rapids is the downstream extent of potential Grandfather Falls Project peaking effects. The study area will be extended farther downstream if potential peaking effects are observed below Bill Cross Rapids during field observations. 8

12 1. Field observations of the fluctuation zone including the identification of and classification of cover types, shoreline slope, substrate, and other general characteristics. See Section Delineate the areal extent of wild rice beds at the Tomahawk Project reservoir and at two locations on the Grandfather Falls Project reservoir if it is determined that existing information on the location and extent of wild rice beds as included in the March 11, 2013 Proposed Study Plan is not sufficient. See Section Analyze the historical impoundment fluctuation data for a representative period of record to determine the frequency duration, magnitude, and timing of fluctuations of the impoundments as a result of normal project operations. See Section Use information and data from other relicensing studies and sources to characterize the potential effects of impoundment fluctuations resulting from normal project operations on the littoral zone resources including aquatic organisms. See Section Field observations of the river shoreline zone potentially affected by normal (non-spill) project operations downstream of Grandfather Falls powerhouse, including the identification of and classification of cover types, shoreline slope, substrate, and extent of erosion. See Section Analyze the historical Grandfather Falls inflow and outflow data for a representative period of record to determine the frequency duration, magnitude, and timing of peaking flows as a result of normal project operations. See Section 7.4. This qualitative approach to fluctuation zone and shoreline erosion assessments has been effective in recent ILP processes where impoundment fluctuations are limited to approximately one foot or less, e.g., Chasm (P-7320) and Hogansburg (P-7518), and where evidence of erosion was noted, e.g., Toledo Bend (P-2305). In the years prior to the ILP regulations, the qualitative method was employed successfully in traditional relicensing processes, such as on the Penobscot and Kennebec Rivers in Maine. While there are field methods that could be employed to collect quantitative elevation data to interpolate bathymetry accurate at a scale of 0.3 ft., such methods are unreasonably expensive and not necessary to obtain the information needed to inform resource agencies and FERC s licensing decision. 9

13 7.1 Impoundment Field Observations Field observations and documentation of impoundment fluctuation zone aquatic habitat will occur during scheduled field visits to each Project impoundment during the growing season. Field observations will be scheduled at least 15 days in advance, and agency representatives and other stakeholders will be invited to accompany the field team. The Grandfather Falls Project impoundment will be drawn down the minimum pool level of elevation NGVD for observation of exposed substrate, littoral zone habitat, and cover types. The Tomahawk Project impoundment will be drawn down to elevation NGVD for observation of exposed substrate, littoral zone habitat, and cover types. Elevation ft. at the Tomahawk impoundment is selected for this study because it represents the low pool level measured over 99 percent of the time for the period January 2008 through March 2013 and because the extended time needed to conduct this study (up to five days) at impoundment levels below ft. has the potential to impact other water users. The impoundments will be boated in an upstream direction on river right beginning immediately upstream of the dam by a 2-person team and include a photographer/scribe and a boat operator/observer. Boating will occur approximately feet away from the shoreline for appropriate photographic documentation, maintenance of water depth, and safety purposes. GPS location will be recorded at each photo point and the distance to the photographed object or area will be estimated. The scribe will document the estimated width of the exposed area at minimum pool levels, estimated percent of cover, the dominant and subdominant substrate, dominant and subdominant cover types, estimated slope of area exposed at minimum pool levels, water elevation at time of observation, the presence of invasive species, and an approximation of the extent of submerged aquatic and emergent vegetation. The Impoundment Fluctuation Field Data Form is presented in Appendix A. The impoundment shoreline will be divided into several segments (and may be subdivided into smaller sections) based on change in shoreline slope, substrate type, and amount of cover types, or a combination of these aspects. A single data sheet will be recorded for each segment. Representative photographs (e.g. one per segment) of the impoundments at normal maximum and normal minimum reservoir elevations will be collected. These photographs will be included as an appendix to the study report (side by side comparison), along with a GIS-based index map 10

14 identifying where each photograph was taken. As a supplement, videography will also be performed as time allows and if the impoundment can be maintained at appropriate levels. The video may be a useful visual tool for stakeholder meetings or other informational efforts; however, the video will not be included in the study report. A preliminary field map will be produced from existing Project maps and information that includes aerially mapped wetlands and other features within the Projects and in the vicinity of the Projects. The above-referenced features will be screen-digitized using ESRI ArcMap version 9.3.1, or similar. Polygon boundaries will be adjusted based on available digital natural color ortho-imagery, 1-meter resolution, as well as via strategic field Global Positioning System (GPS) points taken at shoreline segment boundaries or at other points of interest observed in the field. Representative cover-type maps of the fluctuation zone of each impoundment will be developed with the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). These maps will be digitized from field observations including approximate photograph locations, visual estimates of the limits of exposed areas, visual estimates of areas of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), and visual estimates of submerged and exposed cover types. The GIS mapping will include, to the extent possible, the integration and potential extrapolation of existing bathymetric data or upland topographic contour data for the Tomahawk Project 2 and the Grandfather Falls Project 3 through the fluctuation zone to enhance and verify the field observation data on fluctuation zone slope and areal extent. 7.2 Wisconsin River Downstream of Grandfather Falls Powerhouse Field Observations Field observations and documentation of shoreline condition will occur during a scheduled field visit to the Wisconsin River during a low flow period for observation of exposed substrate, cover types, and evidence of erosion. Field observation will be scheduled at least 15 days in advance, 2 Data to be derived from the Lake Contours Source WI DNR Historic Lake Maps Mohawksin Lake, Lincoln County, July, 1969 as available. 3 Data to be derived from Bathymetric Map Grandfather Falls developed by Stantec 2012, as available. 11

15 and agency representatives and other stakeholders will be invited to accompany the field team. The river will be boated in a downstream direction along one shore and in an upstream direction along the other shore by a 2-person team and include a photographer/scribe and a boat operator/observer. Boating will occur approximately feet away from the shoreline for appropriate photographic documentation, maintenance of water depth, and safety purposes. GPS location will be recorded at each photo point and the distance to the photographed object or area will be estimated. The scribe will document the dominant and subdominant substrate, presence of cover types, estimated slope of area exposed at low flow, flow at time of observation, and evidence of erosion in the zone of normal project operations. The River Shoreline Erosion Field Data Form is presented in Appendix B. The river shoreline will be divided into several segments (and may be subdivided into smaller sections) based on change in shoreline slope, substrate type, and amount of cover types, or a combination of these aspects. A single data sheet will be recorded for each segment. Representative photographs (e.g. one per segment) of the river under normal operations will be collected. These photographs will be included as an appendix to the study report, along with a GIS-based index map identifying where each photograph was taken. As a supplement, videography will also be performed as time allows. The video may be a useful visual tool for stakeholder meetings or other informational efforts; however, the video will not be included in the study report. A preliminary field map will be produced from existing information that includes aerially mapped shoreline edge and other features. The above-referenced features will be screendigitized using ESRI ArcMap version 9.3.1, or similar. Polygon boundaries will be adjusted based on available digital natural color ortho-imagery, 1-meter resolution, as well as via strategic field Global Positioning System (GPS) points taken at shoreline segment boundaries or at other points of interest observed in the field. Representative shoreline maps will be developed with the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). These maps will be digitized from field observations including approximate 12

16 photograph locations, visual estimates of the limits of substrates, riparian cover types, and degree of erosion, if any. 7.3 Wild Rice Mapping Concurrent with field observations described in Section 7.1, the field team will map the existing wild rice beds located throughout the entire Grandfather Falls Project impoundment and at two specific locations within the Tomahawk Project impoundment (Fourth Street Bridge to the Lake Alice Dam and from the railroad trestle over the Somo River to the upstream extent of the Project Boundary). Mapping will be accomplished by using GPS along the outer boundary of each rice bed to form a complete polygon. The data will provide the location of each rice bed as well as the areal extent. The data will be processed and depicted on the study maps as detailed in Section Compilation and Analysis of Historical Project Operations WPS will compile recorded hourly impoundment level data collected at each of the impoundments for a recent period of record that includes wet, dry, and normal water years ( ). The data will be used to develop frequency graphs and perform simple analyses to gain a better understanding of the frequency, duration, magnitude, and timing of impoundment fluctuations. Percent of time the impoundments are at various levels, range of daily fluctuations, and other descriptive statistics useful in analyzing project effects on impoundment fluctuations will be produced. WPS will also compile recorded hourly Grandfather Falls inflow and flow data for a recent period of record that includes wet, dry, and normal water years ( ). The data will be used to develop frequency graphs and perform simple analyses to gain a better understanding of the frequency, duration, magnitude, and timing of flow fluctuations. Percent of time the flows are at various magnitudes, range of daily fluctuations, and other descriptive statistics useful in analyzing Grandfather Falls Project effects on outflow will be produced. These flow data will be correlated with level logger data to be collected as part of the Bill Cross Rapids Freshwater Mussel and Fishery Study to be conducted during the relicensing ILP. 13

17 7.5 Use of Additional Data Sources This study will also utilize information collected and reported in other study reports performed for the Tomahawk and Grandfather Falls relicensing including but not limited to the Pre- Application Documents for the projects (e.g., macrophyte and substrate study report), the Freshwater Mussel Studies, the Fishery Studies, and bathymetric surveys. The results of these studies will describe the general habitat in the fluctuation zones of the project reservoirs and be analyzed for indications of potential effects on the littoral zone aquatic resources of impoundment fluctuations due to project operations. 8.0 FINAL DELIVERABLE The final deliverable for this study will include a written report, including but not necessarily limited to the following: Study objectives Agency management goals Methods Analysis Results Summary/discussion Literature cited 9.0 PROGRESS REPORTING AND SCHEDULE ( 5.11(B)(2)) AND ( 5.11(B)(3)) The final study plan for this effort will be filed with FERC as part of the Revised Study Plan following consultation with resource agencies and other stakeholders. All field efforts will be conducted over an approximately 6-8 day period, if possible, in order to reduce time, costs, and effort. Field data collection is proposed to be completed during the summer of 2013 or the 14

18 summer of The Initial Study Report will be filed with the FERC and provided to stakeholders by August 8, LEVEL OF EFFORT AND COST ( 5.11(D)(6)) The cost for preparing the study plan, conducting the study, and preparing the report has not been estimated at this time. Study costs will not reflect lost generation for maintaining safe and stable water levels at the Grandfather Falls and Tomahawk Projects and downstream of Grandfather Falls powerhouse during the study activities REFERENCED LITERATURE Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Order Issuing License (Major Project- Existing Dam) (FERC no. 1966). 62,042. Issued April 14, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Order Issuing Major License for Tomahawk Hydroelectric Project (FERC no. 1940). 62,358. Issued August 26, Wisconsin Public Service (WPS) Supplement to Tomahawk Hydroelectric Project (FERC No. 1940) FERC Project Boundary Amendment. Accession No.: Filed April 18,

19 APPENDICES

20 APPENDIX A IMPOUNDMENT FLUCTUATION FIELD DATA FORM

21 IMPOUNDMENT FLUCTUATION ZONE HABITAT ASSESSMENT Impoundment: Observers: Habitat Segment No.: Date: Time: LOW-WATER LEVEL OBSERVATIONS Water Level: Substrate* Cover type* Exposed Available Exposed Available Organic Shading Clay Undercut Silt/mud Emergent veg. Sand Submergent veg. Gravel (<4") Log/stump/root Cobble (4-12") Fallen tree/brush Boulder (>12") Boulder Bedrock Other * - D = dominant, S = subdominant * - D = dominant, S = subdominant Width of Exposed Area (ft) Percent Cover A B <1% C D 1-10% 10-25% >25% Slope of Exposed Area Shoreline Covertype(s): Very low (<3%) Secondary Deciduous Forest Low (~3-15%) Secondary Coniferous Forest Moderate (~15-30%) Emergent Wetland Steep (~30-60%) Scrub Shrub Wetland Very steep (~60-75%) Other Vertical (>75%) Photo/Video Documentation: Photo No(s): GPS File Name: Video Time: Counter No.: Incidental Observation of Aquatic Invasive Vegetation Species Present: Y N Observational Notes:

22 APPENDIX B RIVER SHORELINE EROSION FIELD DATA FORM

23 RIVER SHORELINE EROSION ASSESSMENT River Bank (Right or Left): Observers: Segment No.: Date: Time: LOW FLOW OBSERVATIONS Flow (cfs): Present?* Substrate Evidence of erosion/protection Present? Y/N Organic Clay Silt/mud Sand Gravel (<4") Cobble (4-12") Boulder (>12") Bedrock * - D = dominant, S = subdominant Width of Exposed Area (ft) Undercut Emergent veg. Submergent veg. Fallen tree/brush Other Erosion description A B No erosion evident C D Some erosion evident Erosion evident with some bluffing Erosion evident with obvious bluffing Slope of Exposed Area Shoreline Covertype(s): Very low (<3%) Secondary Deciduous Forest Low (~3-15%) Secondary Coniferous Forest Moderate (~15-30%) Emergent Wetland Steep (~30-60%) Scrub Shrub Wetland Very steep (~60-75%) Other Vertical (>75%) Photo/Video Documentation: Photo No(s): GPS File Name: Video Time: Counter No.: Observational Notes: