Local Initiatives on Climate Change Adaptation-Mitigation Toward Future City Development

Transcription

1 Local Initiatives on Climate Change Adaptation-Mitigation Toward Future City Development Arief Yuwono, Deputi Minister for the Control of Environmental Degradation and Climate Change, Ministry of the Environment, Republic of Indonesia Shimokawa, Japan, 16 February 2013

2 Outline 1. Background 2. Environmental Management Policy 3. Local Initiatives on Climate Change Adaptation-Mitigation (Proklim) 4. Closing 2

3 Part 1: Back Ground

4 MAP OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS penduduk POPU- LATION Environmental Status renewable energy non renewable quality quantity water continuity air land quality productivity land use Biodiversity diversity forest degradation deforestation Impact Environmental Disaster floods, landslide, drought climate change Natural resources scarcity water energy Deterioration of carrying capacity of the environment Approach Watersheds Area Urban Island Ecosystem intervensi PLH? Intervention of Environmental Management and Protection

5 Distribution of clean water demand by population of Island 2008 Jawa Prakiraan Kebutuhan Air Bersih untuk Penduduk Menurut Wilayah Kepulauan (juta)m 3 Land and Forest Estimation of sampah generation in 2007 = 103,192 m3 per day and increases 1,93% for the following year. The increase of solid waste generation amount is inversely proportionate to the decrease of managed solid waste to landfill by 2,5% in 2008 Estimation of Production and total amount of solid waste disposed to landfill Water Solid Waste Environmental Problems Reserve and Fossil Production 2009 Coral Reefs condition in Indonesia per year Energy Marine and Coastal 5

6 Climate related disasters in Indonesia 6

7 Disaster in Indonesia (2010)

8 Part 2: Environmental Management Policy

9 PRIORITY #9 THE ENVIRONMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT: In order to anticipate climate change, Environmental conservation will be utilized to support economy growth & sustainable welfare which is complemented by management and mastering of disaster risk

10 LAW NO. 32/2009 regarding ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & MANAGEMENT Art 63 Conducting GHG inventory is one of the duties of Central, Provincial, Municipal/Regency Governments

11 VOLUNTARY-BASED EMISSION REDUCTION TARGET 26% BY 2020 Indonesiaʻs Pledge for Emission Reduction* Statement by President Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono We are devising an energy mix policy... that will reduce our emissions by 26 percent by With international support, we are confident we can reduce emissions by as much as 41 percent. We are also looking into the distinct possibility of committing a billion tons of CO2 reduction by 2050.We will change the status of our forests from that of a net emitter sector to a net [carbon] sink sector by 2030 *Stated at the G20 Summit on Sept 2009 and reiterated at UNFCCC COP 15/CMP 5 on Dec 2009

12 Projection of Indonesia net emission: 1.38 GtCO 2 e (2000) 2.95 GtCO 2 e (2020) Emission (Gt CO2e) Key source categories are peat emission, forestry, energy and waste. Emission from peat fire was taken from van der Werf et al (2007). The figure in the charts did not include emission from emission from liming and fertilizing Peat Emission Waste Forestry Agriculture Industry Energy

13 Indonesia GHG Emission Reduction Plan Sectors Forestry & Peatland Emission Reduction Plan (Giga ton CO2e) 26% 15% (Total 41%) Total Waste Agriculture Industry Energy & Transportation Action Plan Land & forest fires control, Water resources & system management, Forest & land rehabilitation, Industrial Plantation Forest/HTI, Communal Forest/HR, Illegal logging eradication, Deforestation prevention, Community empowerment. 3R strategy of waste management Integrated waste management in urban areas Intro of low emission rice variety, Efficiency of water irrigation, Organic fertilizer utilization. Energy efficiency, Renewable energy utilization, etc. Bio-fuel use, High gasoline fuel standard machinery, Improvement of TDM, Quality of public road & transportation, Demand Side Management, Energy efficiency, Development of renewable energy Total

14 Part 3: Local Initiatives on Climate Change Adaptation-Mitigation (Proklim)

15 Different levels of actions Government Development of policies and program national and regional level Community Local initiatives in combating climate change plenty, scattered Private sectors Community development and CSR activities

16 Implementation Framework - Adaptation Policy Approach Planning and Vulnerability, Sustainable Use adaptation capacity PPLH: RPPLH assessment Act 32/ Article 3 : Community Participation Approach (Adaptation + Mitigasion) Awareness, Independency, Leadership Culture and Traditional Wisdom Control PLH: KLHS, KBK, Degradation, Pollution ProKlim protect territory of the country from pollution and/or environmental damage, ensure health and safety of human life, survival of living organism and sustainability of ecosystems, maintain environmental functions, harmony and balance of environment, achieve sustainable development, anticipation of global issues

17 Program Kampung Iklim (ProKlim) ~a climate village programme~ Kampung in Indonesian or Village in plain English is administered according to traditions and customary law (adat), located in rural areas and urban subdivisions, practices the culture of helping one another as a community, as well as being family-oriented (especially the concept of respecting one's family [particularly the parents and elders]), courtesy and believing in God as paramount to everything else. Various name of kampung in Indonesia: banjar (Bali), nagari (West Sumatera), dusun (Java), etc ProKlim is a program to recognize active participation of local communities in implementing actions of integrated climate change mitigation and adaptation, which contributes to the achievement of national green house gas reduction target and increases the community resilience to the climate change impact. Legal basis : Minister Environmental Regulation No. 19/2012 regarding ProKlim

18 ProKlim as a part of global actions and UNFCCC Adaptation Component National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) Proklim and its implementation as input for the development of NAPs related to developing countries action and its role for policy development. ProKlim Nairobi Work Programme (NWP) Proklim as an input for strengthening adaptation actions, in particular Adaptation planning and practice at local-level. Its implementation could be submitted as a part of NWP, related to concrete actions on adaptation which will be potentially supported by developed countries. Cancun Adaptation Framework (CAF) Loss and Damage (LnD) The implementation of ProKlim draws vulnerability in the area and will play an important role for baseline-setting in terms of insurance mechanism for the losses and damages caused by the climate change.

19 ProKlim as a part of global actions and UNFCCC Mitigation Component ProKlim Identification of potential / activity climate change mitigation by bottom up approach Increase awareness and encourage community participation Strengthen capacity of local government to carry out adaptation and mitigation of climate change National issues Local contribution in meeting the national target of 26% emission reduction (Presidential Decree No. 61/2012) As an initiation for data collection of National GHGinventory (Presidential Decree No. 71/2012) Global issues Plays an important role as a part of national communication (NATCOM)*) and Biennial update Report (BUR) **) *) Chapter 2 (National inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removal by Sinks) dan 5 (Measures to mitigate climate change) **) Chapter 2 (National inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removal by Sinks) dan 3 (Mitigation actions and their effects, including associated methodologies and assumptions)

20 B e n e f i t s Contribution of the local community for the achievement of 26% national emission reduction target in 2020 compare to business as usual; Enhancement of adaptive capacities to the impact of climate change and climate variability in local level; Provide data and information on potential climate change mitigation and adaptation activities in local level.

21 S t r a t e g y Private sector partnership Environmental pioneers participation National- or international organizations involvement Community empowerment Facilitated by the government Enhancing of local government capacity ProKlim covers a minimum area of a village or small community called dusun, Rukun Warga (RW) up to desa or kelurahan, depends on the local nomenclature.

22 C r i t e r i a The existing mitigation and adaptation activities in a specific area; The continuity of mitigation and adaptation activities; The contribution of concrete activities in achieving the GHG emission reduction target and in enhancing the community resilience to the climate change impact; The availability of local community institutions and supports on sustainability of the activities. Activities (60%) Adaptation Mitigation Local Community and Sustainability Aspects (40%) Related to proponents who are conducting the activities Ensure the sustainability of activities

23 Components Adaptation activities, i.a.: Mitigation activities, i.a.: Local Community and Sustainability Aspects, i.a.: Management of drought, floods and landslide Enhancement of food security Anticipation to sea level rise, and other risks/hazards in coastal area Management of climate-related diseases Management of waste and solid waste Liquid waste treatment and utilization Energy consumption (e.g. energy efficiency, renewable energy) Reducing emission from agriculture activities Forest conservation Management of land and forest fire Availability of local organization to manage and implement the activities Adoption of local policies, traditional ethics and other local knowledge to support the implementation of activities Community dynamics (e.g.: community self sustain, self finance scheme, gender participation) Local community capacities to implement the activities External support from governments External support from private sectors, NGOs, universities and other Continual improvement of existing activities Positive impacts (economic benefits, environmental benefits, and/or minimize the impact of climate extreme events)

24 Mechanism Proposal: a location which is conducting integrated climate change adaptation and mitigation Administrative Selection by Secretariat Technical Team Verification: fact finding (field-based conditions) Scoring Review of the result Recommendation: potential locations claimed as ProKlim Steering Committee Minister for Environment awarded the potential locations as ProKlim

25 Babel: 3 Southeast Sulawesi: 2 Maluku: 1 Riau: 7 West Sulawesi: 2 South Sulawesi: 4 DKI Jakarta: 2 Banten: 1 East Java: 10 West Java: 14 Central Java: 11 Yogya: 10 Bali: 1 East Nusatenggara: 1 West Nusatenggara: 1

26 ProKlim locations from 15 provinces submitted to the Ministry of Environment as a ProKlim candidate by local government (districts, municipalities), universities, NGOs, individual, private sectors. Evaluated by technical team and steering committee. Result of evaluation: 7 locations have been received ProKlim s Trophy and 4 locations awarded a certificate as Potensial Location for ProKlim Development No Location Disctricts/Mun icipalities Province 1 Sukunan Village Sleman Yogyakarta 2 Jetis Lor Village Pacitan East Java 3 Sambangan Village Buleleng Bali 4 Gatak II, Tamantirto Bantul Yogyakarta Village 5 Serut Village Bantul Yogyakarta 6 Mukti Jaya Village Rokan Hilir Riau 7 Nglegi Village Gunungkidul Yogyakarta No Location Disctricts/Mun icipalities Province 1 Kerta Village Gianyar Bali 2 Kembang Village Pacitan East Java 3 Jomblang Village Semarang Central Java 4 Mekarjaya Village Cianjur West Java

27 Sukunan Village, Sleman District, Yogyakarta Province Adaptation and mitigation activities Water reservoir (embung) and water Absorption wells and biopores. Revegetation. Protection and management of water resources Water use efficiency by designing traditional shower Crop cultivation and fertilizer system (land management, composting). Zero burning technique. Management of indigenious species. Yard optimization: traditional medicines. Vector management and public sanitation. Integrated waste management, including waste separation, utilization, 3R. Communal wastewater treatment. Water management for agricultural activities. Operationalization of biogas, treatment of livestock waste. Traditional innovation: such as design of ovitrap (for intercepting its life cycle), natural refrigerator, water heater. Potential climate risks - Drought caused by elongated dry season. - Potential risk of water scarcity in the area. - Changing of rain season threathens agricultural productivity. - Un-managed waste emits greenhouse gasses. Emission reduction potential, from: Livestock activities: cattle Gg CH 4 /year (0.84 ton CO2/year), sheep Gg CH 4 /year ( ton CO2/year), poultry Gg CH4/year ( ton CO2/year). Chemical fertilizer reduction by 25%: 0, ton CO2/year. Benefits Water security. Waste reduction. Food security. Alternative income. Enhancement of carbon stock. Appropriate public sanitation.

28 Local Actions of Sukunan Village Vector management Absorption wells Water harvesting Mix-farming Revegetation Biogas

29 Local Actions of Sambangan Village Bench terraces (terasering) Yard optimization (herbal medicine) Water resources management Micro-hydro Composting Integrated farming

30 Local Actions of Mukti Jaya Village Water harvesting Enhancement of carbon stock Organic fertilizer from cattle Energy-efficint coockstove Cattle urine for bio-pesticide

31 Other Local Initiatives Bench terraces (terasering) Innovation well-system in a dry area Traditional housing Rock-terraces for anticipating landslide Yard optimization (herbal medicine) Mangrove plantation and alternative incomes for local community Sea wall or other construction for anticipating sea level rise

32 4. Conclusion Not re-inventing the wheel: ProKlim is not a new issue in combating climate change. Various local inititiatives on climate change adaptation and mitigation existed, which have been conducted by the community. Lack of understanding on the concept of climate change adaptation and mitigation. Active participation of local community is crucial for implementing climate change adaptation and mitigation. There is a need to quantify adaptation and mitigation action, as well as quantification of its benefit for the community including their contribution for meeting the 26%-emission reduction target in 2020 compare to business as usual GHG inventory in local-level (ProKlim s coverage area); Projection of potential emission reduction. Benefits for the community by conducting adaptation-mitigation activities: Increase the environment quality (water resources, soil fertility, etc) Avoid and/or decrease the loss and impact of climate-related disaster; Increase the social-economy level, e.g.: having alternative income.

33 THANK YOU