Transition to Flexible Plant Operations U.S.A. Update

Transcription

1 Transition to Flexible Plant Operations U.S.A. Update Sherry Bernhoft EPRI Program Manager IAEA EDF Technical Meeting on NPP Flexible Operations Paris, France September 2013

2 EPRI Our History Founded in 1972 Independent, nonprofit center for public interest energy and environmental research Collaborative resource for the electricity sector Major offices in Palo Alto, CA; Charlotte, NC; Knoxville, TN Laboratories in Knoxville, Charlotte and Lenox, MA Chauncey Starr EPRI Founder 2

3 Collaboration U.S. Participants Non-U.S. Participants Global Breadth and Depth U.S. Nuclear Power Plants Source: NEI Website, 2009 All U.S. nuclear owners/operators 102 reactors 20 countries, >220 reactors >75% of the world s commercial nuclear units Participants Encompass Most Nuclear Reactor Designs 3

4 Presentation Agenda Nuclear Power Plants in the U.S. Challenges Growth of Renewals Transition Plan for NPP Flexible Operations 4

5 Net Electrical Generation in the U.S. 5

6 Operating Licenses and License Renewal 6

7 Challenges Facing U.S. Nuclear Power Plants Public Acceptance Post- Fukushima Economics Extending the Plant Operating Licenses Beyond 60 years Large Scale Integration of Renewables 7

8 Renewables Today and Tomorrow Today ~ 4% of generation from Solar and Wind Power Expected growth of > 60 GWs by

9 TWh TWh TWh TWh Regional Projection Model for the U.S Gas New Coal Environmental Retrofit Existing Coal WEST Wind Hydro+ Nuclear (New) Nuclear (Existing) 1600 Imports Solar Geothermal Biomass MIDWEST Total Energy for Load EAST SOUTH 400 Source: PRISM 2.0: The Value of Innovation In Environmental Controls ( )

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11 Example - Growth of Solar in California 2002 Actual 11% of total bundled retail sales 2012 Preliminary Actual 19% of total bundled retail sales 2020 Projected 33% of total bundled retail sales Total RPS-Eligible Procurement 7,504 GWh Total RPS-Eligible Procurement ~14,000 GWh Projected RPS-Eligible Procurement ~26,000 GWh 11

12 Load & Net Load (MW) Wind & Solar (MW) Projected Impact on Net Generation 46,000 44,000 42,000 40,000 38,000 Load, Illustrative Wind & Load, Solar Wind, Profiles & Solar High Profiles Load Case January ,000 MW 8,000 in 2 hours MW in 2 hours 6,300 MW 6,300 in 2 hours MW in 2 hours 13,500 MW 13,500 in 2 hours MW in 2 hours 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 36,000 34,000 32,000 30,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 28,000 26,000 24,000 22,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 20, :00 1:30 3:00 4:30 6:00 7:30 9:00 10:30 12:00 13:30 15:00 16:30 18:00 19:30 21:00 22:30 0:00 Load Net Load Wind Solar Net Load = Total Customer Load (Wind + Solar Generation) 12 Source:

13 Net Load Pattern Changes Source: CAISO 13

14 Success Path For Integration of Renewables Early Engagement and Coordination amongst Key Stakeholders Planning and Phased Approached to Implantation Transmission Grid Operator NPP Owner/Operator EPRI INPO Owner Groups Recognize the Paradigm Shift OEM/NSSS Vendors Fuel Suppliers NRC NERC FERC 14

15 Transition Phased Approach Phase 1 Identification of the Concerns Phase 2 What is possible based on current plant design? Phase 3 Steps to Increase Flexible Operations Phase 4 R&D to Support Long-Term Asset Management Phase 5 Understand the Economics and Plant Enhancements 15

16 Phase 1- Gap Matrix Core/Fuel Performance: Power density Fuel performance Fuel cycle Safety Analysis: Starting point for accidents? Low-cycle and High-cycle Fatigue: Life limiting effects? Chemistry/ Source Term Effects Effluent Management Equipment Wear and Tear Reduced reliability? Human Performance Challenges Cost/Benefit 16

17 Phase 2 What is Possible Today Define existing operating envelope: Acceptable ramp rates Analytical limitations System/Equipment limitations Instrumentation/Monitoring Limitations Protocol with Independent System Operator (ISO): How Frequent How Fast How Long How Deep Training for Plant Staff 17

18 Phase 3 Increased Maneuverability Needed? Determine future maneuverability needs Pinch-point analysis of plant limitations: Instrumentation, Monitoring and Controls Systems Safety Analyses Operating Practices Plant modifications Cost-benefit analysis Potential Plant Modifications: Gray Control Rods Boron Acid Recycle System Additional Waste HUTs Variable Drive Pump Controls Core Monitoring Instrumentation 18

19 Phase 4 Long-Term Asset Management R&D Fuels and core management: Validation of codes for cyclical operations Control rod/blades operation High-cycle and low cycle fatigue management: Additional locations impacted Increased monitoring needed Impacts of Flow Induced Vibration (FIV) Account for effects Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) Program changes Equipment Wear and Tear: Guidelines for assessment and monitoring Operating Experience for the fossil fleet shows that there is a latency effect in system wear and tear 19

20 Phase 5 Understand the Economics & Plant Enhancements Develop economic model to understand the cost of flexible operations: Direct and indirect costs Future mix of generations technologies across a fleet Feed into the cost of ancillary services Evaluate the risks: Gather data and model into PRAs Enhancement in Human Performance Plant Enhancements: On-line monitoring systems for dynamic plant operation On-line fatigue and vibration monitoring Improvements in Chemistry and water management schemes 20

21 Next Steps Early 2014 Products Gap Matrix High-level guidelines to support planning for the transition Utility Advisory Group Support direction of R&D for long-term asset management Scoping and prioritization of plant enhancements 21

22 Together Shaping the Future of Electricity 22

23 Renewable Portfolio Standard Policies.. / March states,+ Washington DC and 2 territories,have Renewable Portfolio Standards (8 states and 2 territories have renewable portfolio goals). 23