The Promise and Challenges of Microalgae as a Source of Transportation Fuel. November 17, Jerry Brand
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1 The Promise and Challenges of Microalgae as a Source of Transportation Fuel November 17, 2011 Jerry Brand Algal Biomass Summit Minneapolis, MN Oct , 2011
2 The current excitement about algae
3 So why all the current excitement about algae?
4 So why all the current excitement about algae? Algae may not become the cheapest form of renewable energy.
5 So why all the current excitement about algae? Algae may not become the cheapest form of renewable energy. But algae may become the most economical source of transportation fuels in a post-fossil-fuel era.
6 Why use alternatives to fossil fuels? - Petroleum supplies are limited and are increasing in price - The current dependency of foreign oil is a strategic risk - Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels are uncontrolled
7 Fossil fuels - energy-dense - transportable - storable - cheap - non-renewable - net emitters of carbon dioxide - net emitters of noxous gases Atmospheric carbon dioxide Carbon-based molecules fossil fuels [ C x H y ] Processed transported and stored carbon-containing molecules pumped and mined heat buildings drive industrial processes decrease manual labor transportation fuels
8 Alternative fuels - generally renewable - don t emit carbon dioxide - don t emit noxious gases - not very transportable - not very storable light solar cells nuclear energy wind Electricity e - electricity e - not easily stored or transported over long distances energy conversion electricity e - transportation? fuel cells heat buildings drive industrial processes decrease manual labor storage batteries
9 Plants or Algae - energy rich - transportable - storable - renewable - don t emit carbon dioxide - cost light photosynthetic organisms Carbon-based biomass carbon dioxide [ C x H y R y ] Processed transported and stored [ C x H y ] carbon-containing molecules extracted heat buildings drive industrial processes decrease manual labor transportation fuel
10 Algae is the most sustainable known potential source of biofuel
11 Various transportation fuels can now be produced from algae General Concept of Algal Biofuel Production cultivate algae harvest (concentrate) extract desired product process, refine,
12 General Concept of Algal Biofuel Production cultivate algae harvest (concentrate) extract desired product process, refine, Biomass Pyrolysis, Gasification Gasoline, Jet fuel,
13 General Concept of Algal Biofuel Production cultivate algae harvest (concentrate) extract desired product process, refine, Biomass Drop-in biofuel Pyrolysis, Gasification Ethanol, Hydrocarbon, Gasoline, Jet fuel,
14 General Concept of Algal Biofuel Production cultivate algae harvest (concentrate) extract desired product process, refine, Biomass Pyrolysis, Gasification Drop-in biofuel Ethanol, Hydrocarbon, gasoline, jet fuel, biodiesel, Gasoline, Jet fuel,
15 wild strain of algae General Concept of Algal Biofuel Production genetically modified algae cultivate algae harvest (concentrate) extract desired product process, refine, Biomass Pyrolysis, Gasification Drop-in biofuel Ethanol, Hydrocarbon, gasoline, jet fuel, biodiesel, Gasoline, Jet fuel,
16
17 What is the current status of microalgae as a commodity? Microalgae are known that grow very fast and microalgae are known that produce lots of oil or other valuable products. Chlorella vulgaris grows very aggressively. Botryococcus braunii produces and secretes large quantities of high-energy hydrocarbons.
18 What is the current status of microalgae as a commodity? Microalgae are known that grow very fast and microalgae are known that produce lots of oil or other valuable products. Many different kinds of bioreactors and open systems for growing algae at large scale have been developed and are being tested.
19 What is the current status of microalgae as a commodity? Microalgae are known that grow very fast and microalgae are known that produce lots of oil or other valuable products. Many different kinds of bioreactors and open systems for growing algae at large scale have been developed and are being tested. Methods are known and tools are rapidly being developed for large-scale extraction of oils and other commercially valuable products from algae.
20 What is the current status of microalgae as a commodity? Microalgae are known that grow very fast and microalgae are known that produce lots of oil or other valuable products. Many different kinds of bioreactors and open systems for growing algae at large scale have been developed and are being tested. Methods are known and tools are rapidly being developed for large-scale extraction of oils and other commercially valuable products from algae. The genetic content and chemical composition of many microalgae are known, and the methods for genetically manipulation some kinds to alter their chemical composition are well established.
21 What is the current status of microalgae as a commodity? Microalgae are known that grow very fast and microalgae are known that produce lots of oil or other valuable products. Many different kinds of bioreactors and open systems for growing algae at large scale have been developed and are being tested. Methods are known and tools are rapidly being developed for large-scale extraction of oils and other commercially valuable products from algae. The genetic content and chemical composition of many microalgae are known, and the methods for genetically manipulation some kinds to alter their chemical composition are well established. A few companies world-wide are scheduled to scale up algae production to hundreds of acres for the production a commodity within 1 2 years. Sapphire Energy, Inc.
22 Then why aren t we right now filling our gas tanks with algae-based gasoline, algae-based alcohol, or algae-based biodiesel?
23 Here is the central bottleneck cultivate algae harvest (concentrate) extract desired product process, refine,
24 cultivate algae harvest (concentrate) extract desired product process, refine, No one has ever grown any micro-organism at the massive scale required to produce meaningful quantities of a fuel.
25 Microalgal culturing for biofuel production will not be like any existing industrial microbial technology cheese manufacture beer manufacture
26 Microalgal culturing for biofuel production will not be like any existing commercial aquaculture or terrestrial farming.
27 The Commercial Potential of Microalgae NON-PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA industrial microbiology, molecular biology MACROALGAE aquaculture, marine farming hybrid and novel technologies mass-cultured microalgae
28 Scaling-up of microalgal cultures leads to emergent issues that cannot be fully controlled. Examples: - competitor algae - predators such as microscopic animals - diseases such as bacteria and viruses - abiotic factors such as temperature
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