Using Industrial Sources of. Geologic Sequestration. Challenges & Approaches

Transcription

1 Using Industrial Sources of CO 2 for Value-Added Geologic Sequestration Challenges & Approaches Timothy R. Carr KU Energy Research Center Geological Survey University of

2 Perhaps integration of energy systems represents too many complexities for standard business approaches and regulatory regimes

3 Approach Inventory & Evaluate Greenhouse Gas Resources Multiple Scales (Nation Regional Local Single Source Inventory & Evaluate Sequestration Opportunities Multiple Scales (Nation Regional Local Wellbore Guiding Principles Economically Viable Environmentally Sound Integrated Energy Systems Ethanol Plants Landfills Cement Kilns Fertilizer Plants Viewing CO 2 as a Resource Path to the Future IGCC Carbon Management

4 Greenhouse Gas Resource Ethanol 10.3 Land Fill Gas 182 Energy Methane 252 Electric Generation 2250 Industrial Processes 114 Cement - 43 Fertilizer - 39 INCREASING Capture Costs Technology Uncertainty Non-Power Industrial Commercial & Residential 1,565 Transportation 1850 FutureGen Fuel Cells? DECREASING Concentration INCREASING Dispersion Agricultural Methane 183 Nitrous Oxides 333 HFC, PFC, SF 6, etc Total GHG Emissions 6,873 Million Metric Tons Data: Year 2002 Energy Information Agency and Renewable Fuels Assos.

5 NatCarb Inventory & Evaluate Carbon Resources

6 NatCarb Inventory & Evaluate Sequestration Opportunities Nevada

7 CO fro 2 me than olan d En hanc edo ilr ecov ery Op portun ityfo r Valu e-ad ded geo logic COs 2 eque stratio n Et hanol produc tionto doubl eby20 05 Sourceof pureco 2withouta market Locationo reservoirs fneweth distanto anolplancogeo tsnearm logicco atureoilsources C Oemis 2 sionr 2eductio ninte 2 restis in creasin g Po tentia ltoinc reased omes tic eno ergyp tpolit roduct icalys ionin ensitiv region sthata re Link Project edsystem s Russell, Project USEP Ethanol Plant First Sequestration of Agricultural CO 2 7 miles Ethanol Plant Site 11.3 km Russell Project CO Pilot Site 2 Scale in Miles Russell is centered in oil, grain and cattle region

8 Integrated Energy Systems Raw Materials Ethanol Plant Products Annual Impact 2.7 BCF (145k metric tons) 7.5 mmcf/d 500 MBO (68.5*10 3 tonnes) 48 million gallons ethanol 182 million liters Modified from RFA, artwork by Acker 1 metric ton CO 2 = 19 mcf Water Feed Pellets Feed supplement for 192,000 head 8.4 kgcarbon Dioxide One Bushel Milo Fermentation 10 liters Ethanol Heat 8.2 kg Cattle Feed (DDG)

9 CO2 Miscible Flood Demonstration 10+ acre, three-spot 1 CO 2 injector 2 Producers 1 Monitoring 2 Containment Water Injectors 0.29 BCF (1263 tonnes) CO 2 Injected-WAG 6 year operating life 18,000 BO (2466 tonnes) estimated recovery

10 Boevau Canyon, NE Field-Scale Demonstration 14 CO2 injection Wells - 16 Producers Ethanol MGY ( M liters) Corn & Milo 17 Million Bushels (432 Million kg) 137 metric tons (Mt) DDG 172,000 Head of Cattle Mt/day ( mmcf/d) Verification and Carbon Credits BCU Site BCU Site TAP Facility TAP Facility

11 Boevau Canyon, NE MMV InSAR Coverage Coverage, 1992 to present Green Frame shows areas with >20 scenes Monitor mm-scale deformation

12 Major GHG Sources Russell Project Deffenbaugh Fredonia Coffeyville Oil and Gas Fields CBM Oil Oil & Gas Gas Industry Cement Power Ethanol Ammonia Refinery Landfills

13 Landfill Gas Nitrogen 5% Carbon Dioxide 42% Oxygen 1% NMVOC 2% Methane 50% Landfill Gas (LFG) 9.3 % US Greenhouse Gas Emissions 8.1 Million Metric Tons CH Million Captured 2.4 Million Flared subsidy $1.09 mcf ($0.04 m 3 ) Capture Costs Cents/Kwh (3600 kj) Assuming 33% efficiency Deffenbaugh Facility LFG 4.5 mmcf/day (236t/d) CO 2 equiv. 54 mmcf (2842 t/d) CH 4 sold 1.8 mmcf/d (95t/d) 116 tonnes CO 2 and NMVOC vented per day

14 Deffenbaugh Facility 18 Mt of Waste in Place Additional 1.5 Mt per Year Received LFG 4.5 mmcf/day (236t/d) 150 Wells Gathering System 7 miles of 22 pipe under 45 of water vacuum CO 2 (GHG equiv.) 54 mmcf/d (2842 t/d) CH 4 recovery 2.5 mmcf/d (132 t/d) CH 4 sold 1.8 mmcf/d (95t/d) 116 tonnes CO 2 and NMVOC vented per day

15 Trash Cell (ready to take waste)

16 Landfill Gas Well

17 Landfill Panorama (showing gas plant & drill rig)

18 Landfill Gas

19 Adsorption Isotherms CO 2 Methane Nitrogen

20 Landfill Gas

21 Landfill Gas & CBM Basins Western Washington 24 TCF Big Horn 3 TCF Powder River 39 TCF North Central Coal Region 4 TCF Hanna/Carbon 15 TCF Michigan 15 TCF after Trumbull (1960), GTI (2001), Curtis (2002) Northern Appalachian 61 TCF 21 TCF Illinois 21 TCF11 TCF Greater Green River 314 TCF Wind River 6 TCF Forest City Denver 1 TCF 2 TCF Deffenbaugh Landfill Pennsylvania anthracite fields? TCF Central Appalachian 5 TCF Uinta 10 TCF Raton 10 TCF Valley coal fields? TCF Richmond/Deep River 1 TCF Piceance 99 TCF Kaiparowits Plateau 10 TCF San Juan 84 TCF Ft. Worth 7 TCF Cherokee 6 TCF Gulf Coast 7 TCF Arkoma 4 TCF Warrior 20 TCF Cahaba/Coosa coal fields 1 TCF COAL BASINS and COALBED GAS RESOURCES OF THE U.S.A. lignite sub-bituminous coal bituminous coal anthracite CBM shale gas

22 Major GHG Sources Russell Project Deffenbaugh Fredonia Coffeyville Oil and Gas Fields CBM Oil Oil & Gas Gas Industry Cement Power Ethanol Ammonia Refinery Landfills

23 Southeast Partially miscible and immiscible CO 2 EOR 25 Miles El Dorado Field 214 m tons/yr Golden Lanes Salyards Trend m El Dorado Greenwood Co. Salyards Trend, Fredonia 249m CBM Enhanced Coalbed Methane (N 2 and CO 2 ) Cement plant gas stream may be best suited for ECBM Oil and Gas Fields Coffeyville CBM Oil Oil & Gas Gas Industry 163m 767m Cement Power Ethanol Ammonia Refinery

24 Cement Production Dry Kiln Portland Cement Process Calcination Process CaCO 3 > CaO + CO tonnes CO2 / tonne cement CO 2 and N 2 kiln gas mix may be suitable for ECBM with little processing

25 Fredonia Flue Gas and Potential SE Present Composition Markets % Weight N % H 2 O 22.6% CO % O % 99.8% 682 tons/day at 332 o F (167 o C) Dehydrate % Dry Weight Volume N 2 61% 69% CO 2 25% 18% O 2 14% 13% Reduce Air Leaks Enhanced Coalbed Methane(ECBM) Kiln Gas CO 2, N 2,? CH 4 Pipeline % Dry Weight Volume Annual Vol. N 2 46% 57% 8.1 BCF CO 2 50% 39% 5.7 BCF O 2 4% 4% 0.6 BCF Direct or Modified Co-generation 400 o C

26 Cement Plants and Coal Basins Fredonia

27 Coffeyville Resources Coke to H 2 Gasification Plant for Ammonia & CO 2

28 Coffeyville Coke Gasification to Ammonia Project 1000 t/d 75 mmscf/d 630 t/d 1650 t/d 2100 t/d 1000 t/d Metric tons

29 25 Miles Southeast El Dorado Field 214 m tons/yr Golden Lanes Salyards Trend 380m 552m Miscible, partially miscible and immiscible CO 2 EOR El Dorado Greenwood Co. Fredonia 249m Salyards Trend Oklahoma Coffeyville 767m t/yr 2100 t/d 163m Parsons Enhanced Coalbed Methane (N 2 and CO 2 ) Oil and Gas Fields CBM Oil Oil & Gas Gas Industry Cement Power Ethanol Ammonia Refinery

30 Oil & Gas Fields Plus Coal Basins

31 Greenhouse Gas Resource Ethanol 10.3 Land Fill Gas 182 Energy Methane 252 Electric Generation 2250 Industrial Processes 114 Cement - 43 Fertilizer - 39 INCREASING Capture Costs Technology Uncertainty Non-Power Industrial Commercial & Residential 1,565 Transportation 1850 FutureGen Fuel Cells? DECREASING Concentration INCREASING Dispersion Agricultural Methane 183 Nitrous Oxides 333 HFC, PFC, SF 6, etc Total GHG Emissions 6,873 Million Metric Tons Data: Year 2002 Energy Information Agency and Renewable Fuels Assos.

32 FutureGen

33 Challenges Size and Scope of Sequestration 1 Million Metric Tons Per Year 50 MMCF/Day (2650 tonnes/day) 124 kwh/tonne to compress and deliver (1,500psi or 10,000 kpa) (446,000 kj/tonne) $300K per mile (1.6km) of pipeline Approximately 200 Injectors 3.5 Producers per Injector Capital Costs $60 MM Additional 3.8 Million BO/D (520,000 tonnes/d)

34 Potential Energy Systems Deffenbaugh Landfill Deffenbaugh Landfill Opportunities U.S. Ethanol Facilities and Russell Plant Challenges E T H A N O L Industry Outlook

35 Approach Expand the number and type of carbon sequestration opportunities in Lower the cost and optimize the value-added benefits associated with CO 2 storage Develop field and carbon management practices to minimize seepage and promote permanence Develop capability to assess capacity for carbon storage