Major Science and Technology Project of Water Pollution Control and Management in China

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1 Major Science and Technology Project of Water Pollution Control and Management in China Yu Shuili Japan

2 Contents 1 Characteristics of Water Pollution in China 2 Introduction of Major Science and Technology Project of Water Pollution Control and Management in China 3 Conclusion

Characteristics of Water Pollution in China Natural deficiencies of China Arid and semi-arid area accounts for 52% (1) Shortage of water resource: the water resource per capita is 2200m3 which

3 Characteristics of Water Pollution in China Natural deficiencies of China Arid and semi-arid area accounts for 52% (1) Shortage of water resource: the water resource per capita is 2200m3 which accounts for only 25% of the world average level. (2) Uneven spatial and temporal distribution of the water resource: more precipitation in summer, while less in winter and spring; more water in the south, while less in the north. Loess Plateau 640,000 km 2 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 2000,000 km 2 Karst Area 900,000km 2

4 Characteristics of Water Pollution in China The total emissions of water pollutants has exceeded the water environment capacity. The situation of water pollution is severe which presents basin-wide, structural, compound character and long-term.

5 Characteristics of Water Pollution in China The water pollution load is too heavy which has exceeded the water environment capacity. The shortage of quality water is serious in water-rich area in South China. While in North China, the quantity Add and Your quality Title of water are both severe. Add Your Title 1907 COD million tons COD 万吨 million tons Emission Capacity 2006 Ammonia nitrogen 29.8 million tons Shortage of water resource and environment capacity Unsustainable development of society and economy Ammonia nitrogen million tons

River Pollution 3% In 2006, the ratios of Ⅳ~Ⅴ class and

respectively in 408 surface water monitored 海河 57% 14% 8%

6 River Pollution 3% In 2006, the ratios of Ⅳ~Ⅴ class and inferior 7% 21% 21% 48% 松花江 class are 28% and 26% respectively in 408 surface water monitored 海河 57% 14% 8% 11% 10% 43% 5% 27% 17% 8% 辽河 sections of seven river basins. 5% 7% 黄河 0% 25% 25% 18% 32% 30% 5% 21% 淮河 26% 27% Ⅰ 和 Ⅱ 类 Ⅲ 类 12% 18% 58% 长江 15% 7% 0% 3% 37% 5% 23% 19% Ⅳ 类 Ⅴ 类劣 Ⅴ 类 24% 58% 珠江

7 Ecological Security Index Comparison of Six Lakes Ecological Security Trend Lake Poyang Lake Dongting safe Lake Taihu Lake Hongze general unsafe 20 Lake Chaohu Lake Dianchi Lake Taihu Lake Chaohu Lake Dianchi Lake Poyang Lake Dongting Lake Hongze Safety Level:Lake Poyang >Lake Dongting >Lake Hongze >Lake Chaohu >Lake Taihu >Lake Dianchi very unsafe

8 Eutrophication of lakes and aquatic ecosystem degeneration are very serious, and the area and frequency of Blue-green algae blooming increase.

9 Structural Character of Water Pollution COD 排放累计贡献率 /% 医药冶金纺织印染化工轻工 Statistical results show that: The light industry, textile and dyeing industry, metallurgy industry and pharmaceutical industry are the five heavily polluting industries that lead the pollution in Huai River, Hai River, Liao River, Taihu Lake, Chao Lake and Dian Lake. 0 辽河海河淮河巢湖滇池太湖 100 The pollution contribution of heavily polluting industries: COD accounts for 66-75% Ammonia nitrogen accounts for 73-84%, except Dian Lake 氨氮排放累计贡献率 /% 医药纺织印染冶金轻工化工 9 0 辽河海河淮河巢湖滇池太湖

Oxygen consumption organic pollution The water environment situation of drinking water sources is grim Toxic organic

10 Compound Character of Water Pollution The water quality standard rate of drinking water sources in major cities of China is only 72.3%, and nearly 300 million people in rural areas cannot drink standard potable water. Oxygen consumption organic pollution The water environment situation of drinking water sources is grim Toxic organic micro-pollution Ammonia and nitrite Algae and algae toxin Heavy metal pollution Disinfection byproducts / precusors Biological pollution

Water Pollution Control& Management Based on Watershed Source Areas of different ecological function Branch Different unit for controlling different limit Factory Farmland Water body Mainstream City

11 Water Pollution Control& Management Based on Watershed Source Areas of different ecological function Branch Different unit for controlling different limit Factory Farmland Water body Mainstream City Control the pollution from the overall watershed Different conservation standard 11 Countryside Pollution trend: spread in the whole watershed. Comprehensive control for the up or down stream, following the guideline of different areas or levels. Different consideration for different pollution sources.

Groundwater Contamination and Threaten of Underground Water The cities that water quality have improved are mainly distributed in Sichuan, Guizhou, Tibet, Inner Mongolia and

12 Groundwater Contamination and Threaten of Underground Water The cities that water quality have improved are mainly distributed in Sichuan, Guizhou, Tibet, Inner Mongolia and Guangdong provinces (autonomous regions), but ones that water quality deterioated are mainly distributed in Gansu, Qinghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan and Yunnan provinces.

13 Water Ecological Security and Sudden Water Pollution Accidents Some heavy pollution industries such as chemical and petrochemical industries are built along rivers. What s worse, some are even located around drinking water sources and densely populated areas. Security risks of water pollution accidents are high. Sudden water pollution accidents made up a big percentage of environment pollution accidents. In recent years, Songhua River water pollution event, Taihu Lake algae bloom, Jilin xylenol water pollution accidents and other major water environment pollution accidents alarmed the fragile ecological environment of China. Water pollution resulted in huge economic losses.

14 Characteristics of Water Pollution in China Water pollution is severe! Aquatic ecosystem is under threat! The first national pollution source survey Published in 2011: Permissible discharge is million tons Total COD emissions is million tons Total ammonia nitrogen emissions is million tons Permissible discharge is million tons

Major Science and Technology Projects of Water Pollution Control and Treatment in China Agricultural non-point source pollution control and treatment Urban sewage treatment and resource utilization

15 Major Science and Technology Projects of Water Pollution Control and Treatment in China Agricultural non-point source pollution control and treatment Urban sewage treatment and resource utilization Water purification and ecological rehabilitation Industrial pollution source control and treatment Generic technology water special project Drinking water safety control Water environment monitoring early- warning and management

16 Objectives Rivers and Lakes Rehabilitate Build water pollution treatment technical system and water environment management system of river basins in China through technological innovation and management innovation; Focus on four fields including controlling the source of pollution, increasing the capacity of monitor and earlywarning, improving the quality of water environment, ensuring the safety of drinking water, and make a breakthrough on key technology; Enhance the level of independent innovation and the ability of integration in water pollution control and treatment in China.

17 Major Assignments 1. Research on the lake eutrophication control and treatment Area source: agriculture Urban wastewater Study & demonstration: Technology for wastewater advanced treatment For TP(total phosphorus): Effluent standard(primary standard): 0.5mg/L(PO 4 -P) Point source: industry Ecological restoration for the river channel& mouth Technology for low-pollution water ecological treatment Technology for water ecological purification Standard for the river water quality: 0.2mg/L (III) Standard for the lake water quality: 0.05mg/L (III) Ecological restoration for lakeside zone Comprehensive regulation for the lake environment is sustained by the package technologies for the reduction of lake load and water quality improvement, resulted from the technology integration& demonstration.

2. Research on the comprehensive regulation of the river environment Study & demonstration Factory Technology for the surface source pollution control (agriculture) Technology for the comprehensive

18 2. Research on the comprehensive regulation of the river environment Study & demonstration Factory Technology for the surface source pollution control (agriculture) Technology for the comprehensive regulation of the small watershed Technology for the risk control of river water quality Oxygen-demanding organic matters, Nitrogen, phosphorus nutrients, Heavy metals Toxic organic contaminants Polluted rivers Water quality and function reach the standard Ecology integrality for the river Comprehensive regulation for the river environment is sustained by the package technologies for the reduction of river load and the ecological health risk control, resulted from the technology integration& demonstration. 18

3.Research& Demonstration on Comprehensive Improvement Technology of Urban Water Pollution Control Domestic sewage Advanced

production technology in industrial parks Landscape water intake Wastewater reclamation and reuse Headwater Natural water

treatment technology, to improve the capability of independent innovation of manufacturing environmental protection

19 3.Research& Demonstration on Comprehensive Improvement Technology of Urban Water Pollution Control Domestic sewage Advanced treatment technique of the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen in Sewage City water intake Industry water intake Clean production technology in industrial parks Landscape water intake Wastewater reclamation and reuse Headwater Natural water Downstream discharge Through technology integration and demonstration, to form urban water environment comprehensive treatment technology, to improve the capability of independent innovation of manufacturing environmental protection equipment. At the same time, to promote the development of environmental protection industry, and improve the urban infrastructure technology.

4.Research& Demonstration on Drinking Water security

purification and advanced treatment technology for different

high algae-laden, emerging contaminants from key areas.

water quality monitoring network and early warning and

Through technology integration and demonstration, develop

20 4.Research& Demonstration on Drinking Water security technology Research and demonstration on intensified purification and advanced treatment technology for different types of source water pollutants, such as organic pollutant, high algae-laden, emerging contaminants from key areas. Research and demonstration on national, provinces, cities water quality monitoring network and early warning and emergency technology. Through technology integration and demonstration, develop drinking water safety technology from source to support the implementation of urban and rural drinking water safety and security planning.

21 5.Research& Demonstration of Objective Management of Watershed Objective Management of water quality of Chinese water basins meaning:management of water basins aiming at achievement of standards aims:water ecological security, human health methods:quality control, quantity control and risk control technical supports:management of water ecology, capacity control, monitoring system, risk warning and control system Objective management of water quality of water basins Quality control Quantity control Risk control function division of water ecology water benchmark adjustment and control of ecological capacity capacity control discharge permit best control system monitoring system risk assessment warning system Rehabilitate

benchmark 5Demonstration of management by

based on function division, centering on

22 5.Research& Demonstration of Objective Management of Watershed 1Typical demonstration of function division of water ecology Controlling unit 2Water benchmark 5Demonstration of management by objective of typical water basin unit Water ecological function region 4Discharge standards 3Calculation and division of water capacity Develop a technological system of capacity control based on function division, centering on the discharge limit of units, to improve ability of water basin management.

Research& Demonstration of monitoring and warning technologies Research and demonstration of telemetry for key parameters Research on Information

monitoring and management of pollution sources, water quality, organism and sediments Optimization of Monitoring Network Develop packaged technologies

23 Research& Demonstration of monitoring and warning technologies Research and demonstration of telemetry for key parameters Research on Information Collection Technologies Research and demonstration of 4- scale monitoring and warning technologies(nationprovince-city-county) Demonstration of monitoring and management of pollution sources, water quality, organism and sediments Optimization of Monitoring Network Develop packaged technologies which consists multi-aim, multimethod, multi-dimension monitoring as well as risk assessment and warning through the demonstration of technology integration. 23

24 6.Research on Water Pollution Control and Management Strategies and Policies Water Circulation Process Economic Policies Water Source Region Water Use Water Treatment Water Reuse watershed eco-compensation policies policies on water price policies on water-conservation tax and water price contaminated water treatment tax industrial wastewater treatment price reuse water price policies on encouraging water saving families Sewage Discharge policies on paying for the trade of pollution emission rights reformation of pollution fee policy Establishing economic policy system on prevention and control of water pollution and promoting management system transformation by means 24 of technology demonstration.

25 Themes of the Project Themes Major Task Tai Lake Basin Chao Lake Basin Liao River Basin Huai River Basin Hai River Basin Dianchi Lake Basin Songhua River Basin Three Gorges Reservoir area Lake River City Drinking Water Monitoring and Alarming Economic Policies

26 Time Three Stages of the Project Technology Innovations Results The Eleventh Five-year Plan Water source control and pollutant elimination Monitoring technology intergration Management systems Technology demonstration areas Water quality improved The Twelfth Five-year Plan Environmental restoration Non-point source pollution control technology Monitoring system operation River Basin demonstration areas Water quality improved apparently The Thirteenth Five-year Plan comprehensive regulation technical standardization technical and economic feasibility Typical watersheds demonstration Water quality improved apparently Development 26 of Technologies and College Improvement of Environmental of Science Water and Engineering Quality

Major Tasks of the 11th Five-year Plan 6.

technology platforms. 5. Establish drinking water security monitoring network.

Eliminate pollution load of demonstration areas increase urban wastewater reuse rate and improve the water

27 Major Tasks of the 11th Five-year Plan 6. Improve the overall level of water pollution prevention abilities and build a stable team of professionals and technology platforms. 5. Establish drinking water security monitoring network. Major Tasks of the 11th Five-year Plan 1. Eliminate pollution load of demonstration areas increase urban wastewater reuse rate and improve the water quality of the areas. 2. Accomplish typical watersheds three-level division of ecological function and implement water quality management. 4. Meet drinking water quality standard in demonstration areas. 3. Realize muti-objectives monitoring and risk management of typical watersheds.

28 Major Tasks of the 12th Five-year Plan Make further breakthrough on key technologies such as non-point source pollution control, hazard contaminants control, ecosystem recovery of water bodies and drinking water purification. Make breakthroughs on basin water environment monitoring technology, completing the water environment comprehensive management and water pollution treatment technology system, carrying out comprehensive technology demonstrations. Make breakthroughs on key technologies of water bodies eliminating pollution burdens and repairing water qualities, build demonstrations on technology and management systems on monitoring while working to support the apparent improvements of water qualities.

29 Major Tasks of the 13th Five-year Plan Develop researches on environment repair of watersheds, establish serialized, normalized and standardized region water pollution prevention management, pollution control and drinking water security systems. Make breakthroughs on key technologies of water environment s comprehensive regulation and establish notional water environment monitoring and alarming platform to ensuring water security.

30 Conclusion People should not ruin the natural quality of water environment when utilize water resource. It is unsustainable to develop economy while breaking the integrity of the watershed. The aim of the water project is making the balance between natural water environment and humankinds.

China s Ecological compensation policy

China s Ecological compensation policy Contents 1. Background of eco-compensation in China 2. Progress of eco-compensation in China 3. Characteristics of eco-compensation in China 1. Background of China