JARI/IATO/GA/0208

Transcription

1 Environment and In-Use Vehicles by: Dr.- Ing. Gunadi Sindhuwinata Executive President, SAE - Indonesia JARI Indonesia Roundtable 2008 Efforts for Air Pollution Reduction Borobudur Hotel Jakarta, February 14 th

2 Contents 1. Macro Economy Condition and Increasing Number of Automotive Vehicular 2. Fuel Properties, Consumption and Environment Condition 3. Reducing Pollution in Indonesia 4. Conclusion 2

3 1. Macro Economy Condition and Increasing Number of Automotive Vehicular 3

4 Increasing Number of Automotive Vehicular Automobiles & Motorcycles play significant role in the economic development of the country, besides freedom of mobility for every single citizen must be guaranted. The number of automotive vehiculars is increasing along with the income growth of the people, on the other hand, it also creates a lot of environmental issues. 4

5 Income/Capita, Population and Automobile Market Volume of ASEAN Countries Year 2007 Country GDP/Capita Population Motorcycle Automobile (US$) (million) (unit) (unit) Indonesia 1, ,0 4,713, ,341 Malaysia 3, , ,176 Thailand 1, ,598, ,251 Philippines , ,903 5

6 ASEAN Automobile Sales Volume Year 1996 ~ , ASEAN Sales 2007 Total : 1,669,671 units Unit 700, , ,000 Indonesia Malaysia Philipines Thailand 400, , , , Year Sourcer : ASEAN Automotive Federation 6

7 ASEAN Motorcycle Sales Volume Year 1996 ~ ,000,000 Units 5,000,000 ASEAN Sales 2007 Total : 7,311,289 units 4,000,000 Indonesia Malaysia 3,000,000 Philipines Thailand 2,000,000 1,000, Tahun Sourcer : ASEAN Automotive Federation 7

8 Indonesian Motorcycle & Automobile Sales Volume 2000 ~ 2007 and Market Projection 2008 ~ Wheeled 4 Wheeled 8,000, Units 4 W Actual Units 7,000, W Projection 2 W Actual 6,000,000 2 W Projection 5,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, Year Source : Indonesian C C & AISI 8

9 2. Fuel Properties, Consumption and Environment Condition 9

10 Environmental Problem and Fuel Consumption 1. Environmental problem occures because automotive products are operated with fossil - based fuel which emits polluting gasses. 2. It is unrenewable, increasing i of the used of it would harm the human health and it could also damage the environment. 3. Existency se cyof fossil-based fuel resources is uncertain and limited, while meassures for fuel efficiency are eminent. 10

11 Factors Influencing Ambient Air Quality Ambient Air Quality Fuel Emission Level Character Property of Engine In Use Vehicles 11

12 Population of In-Use Motor Vehicles by Category 1997 ~ ,000,000 Units 45,000,000 40,000, ,000,000 Motorcycle Passenger Car Bus Truck Total 30,000, ,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 5,000, Year Source : Indonesian Nationall Police 12

13 Ten Important Provinces of Automobile and Motorcycle Market Ranking Automobile Motorcycle Province % Province % 1 DKI - Jakarta 30.9 DKI - Jakarta Jawa Barat 19.1 Jawa Timur Jawa Timur 10.8 Jawa Barat Banten 5.9 Jawa Tengah Jawa Tengah 5.7 Sumatra Utara Sumatra Utara 5.6 Sulawesi Selatan Bali 2.7 DI - Jogyakarta Kalimantan Timur 2.4 Kalimantan Timur Sulawesi Selatan 2.4 Sumatra Selatan Riau Bali

14 Population of In-Use Motor Vehicles by Category in Metropolitan Jakarta 2001~ ,000,000 Units 7,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000, Motorcycle Passenger Car Truck Bus Total 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000, Year Source : Jakarta Capitol Police 14

15 Pollution Through Utilization of Fossil ilf Fuel li in Selected dbi Big Cities CO NO2 PM10 O3 SOx Pb Bangkok 2002 A D A A C B Manila 2002 A E C C C B Kuala Lumpur D D C A -- Jakarta 2003 E C C C D D Ho Chi Minh City 2002 C E E -- E E Beijing 2005 E E D -- C -- Shanghai E D -- E -- Colour A < 50% B C D E WHO Standard Within range 200% within the range 300% within the range 300% above the range Sourcer : World Bank & UNEP 15

16 Air Pollution in some Capitol Cities SPM SO NO2 68 Mikrogra am/m Jakarta 0 Kuala Lumpur 0 Manila Singapore Bangkok Beijing Tokyo Sourcer : World Bank 16

17 Consumption of Fuels by Group of Users 2000 ~ 2005 Unit: Kls Item Household 12,409,142 12,248,482 11,622,942 11,704,403 11,787,354 11,294,676 Transportation 24,943,007 26,407,462 26,766,911 27,110,259 29,520,779 29,966,073 Industry 12,147,262 12,610,242 12,259,493 11,197,083 13,494,758 11,795,661 Electricity 5,008,292 5,037,918 6,494,261 7,852,355 6,796,916 9,003,123 Total 54,507, ,304,104 57,143,607 57,864,100 61,599,807 62,059, Source : Pertamina 17

18 Percentage Ratio of Fuel Consumption by Segment of Users and by Transportation ti Modes Transportaton Modes Segment of Fuel Users 88% 48% 7% 1% 4% 11% 1% 19% 22% Land Transportations Railways Air Transportations Water Transportations Land Transportations Non-Land Transportations Industries Households Electricity 18

19 Knowledge Regarding Global l Warming and Climate Change Ever Heard? Never Heard, 72% Not Serious at All, 2% Global Warming, AS Serious Problem? Very Serious, 50% Have Ever Heard, 28% Not Serious, 5% Serious, 42% Sources of Global Warming? Do Not Know, 1% Motor Vehicles, 50% Both, 25% Natural Climate Changes, 24% Source : World Bank 19

20 Road Length and Category Item Lenght (m) Areal (sqm) Status 1 Tol/Highway 112, ,472, Tol 2 Primery Artery 112, ,140, Nationall 3 Primery Collector 51, , National 4 Secondary Artery 502, ,299, Provencial 5 Secondary Collector 823, ,970, Provencial 6 Distric Road 4,936, ,988, Distric Jumlah 6,540, ,542, Sourcer: BPS 20

21 Comparison of Road Length (2002) No. Country Length (km) Population (mil.) Artery Highway Km/mil. 1. Japan Malaysia Korea China Indonesia Sourcer: Indonesian Tol Way Association o 21

22 Geographical Comparison Between Japan and Indonesia No Item Indonesia Japan (%) 1. Population (mil.) Area (sqkm) 1,919, , Costal Line (km) 56,706 29, Tol / Highway (km) ,520 ~ 5 5. Artery (km) ,166, ~67 22

23 91,00 90,50 RON 90,00 89,50 89,00 88,50 88,00 87,50 87,00 86,50 86,00 Bandun ng Average Octane Number of Gasoline in Selected Cities i 2005 ~ 2007 Denpas sar Standard d RON Ja abodetabe bek Meda dan Semaran ang Surabay aya Menad ado Banda Ace ceh Jayapu ura 23

24 Average Sulfur Level in Diesel Fuel in Selected Cities i 2005 ~ ppm Standard d of Sulfur Level el Bandun ng Denpasa sar Jab abodetabe bek Meda an Semaran ng Surabay ya Menad do Banda Ace eh Jayapur ura 24

25 Prediction of Total Growth Emission in Greater Jakarta 2015 in Comparison to 1998 Pe ercenta age Com mpariso on of Emissi on Nox SO2 PM CO THC 25

26 3. Reducing Pollution in Indonesia 26

27 Fuel Efficiency and Environment 1. Efforts must be done to minimise pollution by reducing fuel consumption and using suitable fuel or substituting with other alternative fuels. 2. Introducing legislation for exhaust emissions with the consideration of availability of suitable fuel and existing technology through consistant and step by step implementation. 27

28 Strategy of Pollution Control on Motor Vehicles Pollution Control 28

29 Standard of Emission for New Vehicles in Asia Country China India Indonesia MOE Decree KM 141 / 2003 (23 Sept 2003) Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Euro I Euro II Euro III Euro IV 29

30 Development of 2 Strokes and 4 Strokes Motorcycle Market % Stroke 4-Stroke Year 30

31 Background of The Use of Non Fossil Fuel Increasing of Uncontrollable Consumption Fuel Price Limitation of Resources Alternative Renewable Energy Biodiesel & Bioethanol Global Warming 31

32 Substitution of Fossil Fuel Through Bio-Fuel Bio - Fuel Fossil - Fuel Basis Material Diesel Fuel Biodiesel Palm, Coconut, Jatropha, Sun Flower Plants which contain: Gasoline Bioethanol Starch: Casava, Sagoo, Corn, Sweet Potato, Sugar: Sugar Cane, Sorgum, Fruit Juice, Sugar Palm, Date Palm Cellulose: Wood, Straw, Banana Stem 32

33 4. Conclusion 33

34 Emission Reduction Law & Regulation In Use Vehicles Traffic & Transportation Management F u e l Emission Noise ose Green Vehicle Maintenance & Inspection Development & Improvement 34

35 Integrated Strategy on Reduction of Automotive Vehicle Pollution Meteorology Dispersion Modeling Ambient Concentration Population distribution And activity Exposure Assessment Emission Emission Management Establish objectives, Identify data gaps, studies and pilots Issues: Identify analyze, Technical and select Economic management options Legal Develop strategies Policy and implement Social action plan Stakeholders Institute monitoring involvement and enforcement Dose- Response Exposure Damage Assessment Options: Fuels and Vehicle technology Traffic Management Standards Economic incentives and disincentives 35

36 Suggestion for Improvement of Environmental Condition 1. Creating Proper Emission Regulations. 2. Requiring of Clean Fuel, Comply to the Quality Standard. 3. Building Sufficient Infrastructure i.e. Roads and other Related Physical Instruments 4. Developing Suitable Transportation System, Build in the City Planning. 5. Improving Traffic Management System and Included Discipline of Traffic Users. 6. Applying Green Technology, Non-Fossil Based Fuel. 7. Building Awareness of Regular Maintenance and Inspection. 8. Strengthen Step by Step Limits of Emission. 36

37 Thank You 37