Case Study 1 - Multi-Attribute LCA-Based Certification Programs in APEC Economies: Focus on Flooring and Plumbing Products

Transcription

1 2011/SCSC/WKSP2/008 Session 2 Case Study 1 - Multi-Attribute LCA-Based Certification Programs in APEC Economies: Focus on Flooring and Plumbing Products Submitted by: DAI Green Buildings and Green Growth: Approaches to Encouraging a Positive Green Building Climate Singapore September 2011

2 Case Study #1 Multi-Attribute LCA-Based Certification Programs in APEC Economies: Focus on Flooring and Plumbing Products Dana Kenney APEC SCSC Green Buildings Conference September 12, 2011 Overview I. Tools for LCA Analysis II. Environmental Certification Labeling Programs III. Voluntary and Mandatory Requirements IV. Market Drivers V. Potential Impacts on Trade 1

3 LCA Tools Vary in Complexity and Flexibility High Low Cost (Free) Medium Cost ($100s) High Cost ($1000s) SimaPro (Product and Service) Market: Dedicated professionals Flexibility ATHENA EcoCalculator (Assemblies) Market: Architects, Engineers and Others (including first-time users) BEES (Product) Market: US, any user ATHENA Impact Estimator (Building) Market: Architects, Engineers, Policymakers, Facility and Industry Managers, Purchasing (Product and Process) Market: Professionals Low Complexity High Complexity Low: Suitable for first-time users; learn to use within one hour Medium: Requires 1-3 hours to become comfortable with product High: Significant training or effort is required to effectively use program Flexibility Low: Users are unable to change model process Medium: Users can change some processes in model High: Users can change a number of inputs and calculations in the model Economies Sima Pro Ecoleaf MiLCA Sima Pro Sima Pro MiLCA Output: LCA/LIME 2 Methodology LCI Database: Inventory of 3,000 processes, electricity data and models for 200 countries Environmental attributes: 14 ATHENA EcoCalculator/Impact l t Estimator Output: LCA Results(products/building shell) LCI Database: NREL Evaluates: environment, cost Environmental attributes: 8 Usage impacts: No/Yes Product performance: No Energy Consumption: No LCA Detail/LCA Design Output: LCA (Detail-products Design-whole building) LCI Database: Australian data Environmental attributes: 70 indicators Supports Ecospecifier Global Green Tag Certification Program LCADetail/ LCADesign ATHENA EcoCalc ulator SimaPro Output: LCA (17 methods) LCI Database: 8 sources Evaluates: environment, costs Environmental attributes: 10 Usage impacts: Yes Product performance: Yes Energy Consumption: Yes SimaPro BEES Output: Environment Score (products) Output: LCA Results (Products, whole buildings) LCI Database: NREL LCI Database: NREL Evaluates: environment, cost, Environmental attributes: 13 combined Usage impacts: yes Environmental attributes: 12 Product performance: No Usage impacts: No Energy Consumption: Yes Product performance: Yes Energy Consumption: Yes ATHENA Impact Estimator BEES 2

4 Types of Multi-Attribute Life- Cycle Analysis (LCA) Certification Programs Type I Labeling Programs - Voluntary, multi-criteria based third-party programs that award a license authorizing use of environmental labels on products indicating overall environmental preferability within a particular product category. Full LCA not required. Type III Labeling Programs Voluntary programs to provide LCA-based, and additional, information on products environmental impacts to enable comparisons between products. Involves defining the scope and setting boundaries. Full LCA required. Environmental Labeling Programs Differ in Purpose and Approach Programs A) 1. USA SCC ( 2. AU GEC 3. CN EcoLogo 4. JP Ecomark 5. SNG GL 6. SNG GB 7. USA UE 8. R Vl a) 9. T GI 10. NZ EC 11. PRC Env Label 12. HK GL B) 13. USA Cradle to Cradle c) 14. K EcoLabel 15. TH Green Mark C) None D) 16. JP Ecoleaf d) 17. T EPD program d) 18. K EPD program d) BD 19. USA SMART b) d) CD 20. AU GT/GR d) 21. USA SUST Choice c) d) B Type I Full LCA w/criteria (13, 14, 15) 19 BD CD (20, 21) a) Flooring product listed on website; no criteria available b) Have criteria for all building products as a category c) General criteria only, not product-specific; p USA C2C has certified flooring; Sust. Choice only furniture d) There are no PCRs or EPDs for flooring or plumbing on any of these programs websites. Focus Programs AU - Australia CN - Canada JP - Japan SNG - Singapore USA United States Other Programs K - Korea T Chinese Taipei Plumbing and flooring Flooring 3

5 Type I Programs Based on Partial LCA Criteria Addressed Focus: (4/8) 2, 3, 5, 6 Other: (3/5) 9, 10, 13 Focus: (6/8) 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 Other: (3/5) 9, 10, 13 GLOBAL EMISSIONS Focus: (6/8) 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 Other: (2/5) 9, 11 BIODIVERSITY/NR Focus: (4/8) 1, 2, 4, 5 Other: (3/5) 9, 11, 13 Focus: (5/8) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 Other: (2/5) 11, 12, 13 Focus programs (8) 1. AU GT/GR 2. AU GEC 3. CN ECO 4. JP ECO 5. SNG GL 6. SNG GB 7. USA UL 8. USA SCC Other programs (5) 9. PRC EL 10. HK GL 11. R VL 12. TH GL 13. NZ EC WASTE Focus: (5/8) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 END OF LIFE MANAGEMENT Focus: (2/8) 1, 3 TOXICITY/HEALTH Focus: all (8/8) Other: all (5/5) REGIONAL IMPACTS Focus: none Other: (1/5) 9 SOCIAL Focus: (1/8) 2 PRODUCT QUAL./PERF. Focus: (1/8) 2 Other: (2/5) 11, 13 Plumbing and flooring Flooring Type I Programs Based on Full LCA: Differences in Criteria LCA HUMAN HEALTH/TOXICITY Focus: all Other: both ENERGY Focus: all Other: none MATERIALS (3/6) Focus: 1, 2, 3 Other: none GLOBAL/AIR Focus: all Other: both LCA WATER (5/6) Focus: 1, 2, 3, 4 Other: 6 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Focus: all Other: none RECYCLING/ WASTE (4/6) Focus: 2 Other: both Focus Programs Other Programs 1. AU Green Tag 5. Korea EcoLabel a) 2. USA Smart 6. Chinese Taipei 3. USA Sustainable Green Mark Choice 4. USA Cradle to Cradle INTEGRATED DESIGN SYNERGY: 1 ECOPOINTS: 1 PRODUCT QUALITY: 5 a) Only criteria is for a test method of water consumption and flush performance BIODIVERSITY/HABITAT (NON LCA) (4/6) Focus: 1, 2, 3 Other: 5 Plumbing and flooring Flooring 4

6 Audits Type I Labeling Programs: Conformity Assessment Practices Vary Type 1 Certifiers Contractor Indep 3 rd party When required Yes None Certifiers Contractor Indep 3 rd party Type III When required Focus: 6, 7, , 4, None 1 4a) None 2, 3, 5, 8 Yes Unknown Other: 11 None 13a), 17a) 12 14, 15a), 16 a) Accreditation required Testing 1,2 Certifiers Contractor Indep 3 rd party When required Focus: None None 6 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 7, 10 Other: None None 11a), 12a) a) Accreditation required Post-License Surveillance Audits Focus: 2, 3, 7a), 9, 10a) Other: 11, 12, 13, 14, 17 a) Third party Decertification None Yes 13a), 14, 15a), 16 None/ Unknown Yes Unknown 8, 9 2a) 1, 3, 5, 7 1, 7 1, , 12, 13, 17 15, 16 1, 2 Unknown Type I Focus Programs 1. AU GT/GR 2. AU GEC 3. CN Ecologo 4. JP Ecomark 5. SNG GL 6. SNG GB 7. USA UL 8. USA Cradle to Cradle 9. USA Smart 10. USA SCC Type I Other Programs 11. PRC Env Label 12. HK Green Label 13. K Ecolabel 14. R Vitality Leaf 15. T Green Mark 16. TH Green Label 17. NZ EnvChoice Type III Focus Programs 1. AU GT/GR 2. JP Ecoleaf 3. US ULE 4. US SMART 5. US SC Type III Other Programs 6. K EPD Program 7. T EPD Program Half of Type I Labeling Programs Have Multiple Levels: However, Brands and Comparisons to Market Vary Level 1 Bronze: Top 25% (1) Certified: 50-60% (1) Conformant: 24 pts (1) Basic:? (1) Sustainable: 40 pts (1) None: (1) Level 2 Silver: Top 20% (1), >34 pts (1), >36 pts (2) Good: 61-75% (1) Sustainable Silver: pts (1) 3 Partial LCA 3 Full LCA Level 3 Gold: Top 15% (1), >44 pts (1), >51 pts (2), >65 pts (1) Excellent: 75-85% (1) Sustainable Gold: pts (1) Level 4 Platinum: Top 10% (1), >59 pts (3), >80 pts Leader: % (1) Sustainable Platinum: pts (1) 5

7 Type III Environmental Product Declarations for Flooring and Plumbing are in Their Infancy Tools 1. AU GT/GR: LCA Detail/LCARate 2. JP Ecoleaf: Proprietary 3. USA ULE: 5. USA Sustainable Choice: Proprietary Focus: 1, 2, 5 Other: 6, 7 GEDNet Int. EPD system Green Standard Focus: 1, 2, 5 Other: 6, 7 LCA PRACTITIONERS Focus: 4, 5 Other: 6, 7 Focus: 1, 3, 5 Other: 6, 7 Focus Programs 1. AU Green Tag/Green Rate 2. JP Ecoleaf 3. USA UL Environment 4. USA SMART 5. USA Sustainable Choice Other Programs 6. K EPD program 7. T EPD program Mutual Recognition Exists Among Certification Programs Mutual Recognition Arrangements Conditional 1 - Require same data quality, scope use 3 rd party data MR Certify on behalf of the others Automatic ALL GEN members Focus programs: 1. AU GT/GR 2. AU GEC 3. CN ECOLOGO 4. JP ECOMARK 5. SNG GL 6. SNG GB 7. USA ULC Other Programs: 8. USA C2C 9. USA SMART 10. USA SC 11. PRC - ENVLABEL 12. HK - GL 13. K - ECOLABEL 14. R - V LEAF 15. T GR MARK 16. TH GL 17. NZ ENV CHOICE GEN - Global Ecolabeling Network 6

8 Voluntary vs Mandatory Requirements for Certified Products Focus Program Economies Mandatory None Voluntary AU Plan to introduce LCA materials credits for government buildings Other Program Economies Mandatory K Green purchasing for government agencies 10% certified, extra points in bids R Govt Green procurement - >80% T A % of certified products required for government agencies, up to 10% price differential, categories defined by Govt Voluntary No information available Demand Drivers for Certified Products Are Many Focus Program Economies Other Program Economies Government Regulations Green Buildings (points for certified products) Now: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Investors Green Building Points (#11 planned) Government and Company Procurement Consumer demand (Env, cost, social) Architects/designers Govt. low carbon footprint Government GCC Requirements Government Procurement Exports to Europe/EU Consumer demand (health, indoor AQ) Construction/design firms Banks & Investors Retailers Investors Multi-nationals Procurements KEY: 1. AU GT/GR 2. USA SMART 3. USA C2C 4. AU GEC 5. JP ECOMARK 6. SNG GL 7. SNG GB OTHER: 8. PRC ENV LABEL 9. HKGL 10. K ECOLABEL 11. R VITALITY LEAF 12. T GREEN MARK 13. TN G LABEL 14. NZ ENV CHORE 7

9 Certification Programs Expand to Other Markets Existing Markets AU GT/GR AU GEC CN Ecologo Other focus programs No information available Markets Middle East Asia Pacific Southeast Asia India China Singapore Malaysia Thailand Philippines Vietnam N. America Canada Europe South Africa Asia Expansion Plans a) AU GT/GR GEN Members AU GEC CN Ecologo JP Ecomark SNG GL SNG GBC (applying) a) Assume interest in GEN member countries Many Program Features Have Potential Impacts on Trade Feature Varying criteria for programs in same climate, including levels Rating system credits not available to all certified products due to rating system requirements, or difficulty of applying LCAs may be conducted and EPDs produced without using publiclyvetted PCRs Requirements for audits and testing are not consistent Potential Impact Difficult to identify relevant programs Products which do not earn credits are not chosen by project developers EPDs are meant to aid comparability. Market users are unable to compare products Hinders mutual recognition. Multiple certifications, required, increasing costs 8

10 Many Program Features Have Potential Impacts on Trade (continued) Feature Lack of transparency; criteria or conformity assessment procedures not available (or difficult to find) Lack of transparency; stakeholder engagement not apparent Government procurement regulations favoring certified products (category choice unclear, favoring in-country certification programs) Lack of reference to international systems of conformity assessment Potential Impact Manufacturers are unable to determine criteria required for certification, resulting in lost sales opportunities Program requirements may not reflect all relevant environmental impacts or not realistic/cost-effective Some manufacturers products are not able to qualify for government procurements, leading to lost sales Manufacturers must certify their products under many programs, increasing costs Thank you for your attention! 9