12/12/2017. Hydropower and Pumped Storage. The Benefits of Hydropower The Number One Renewable Energy

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1 Hydropower and Pumped Storage Peter Stettner, ANDRITZ Eurelectric Conference - The Value of Storage for Clean Energy Transition, , Brussels The Benefits of Hydropower The Number One Renewable Energy Hydropower is a well-proven source of power generation. Water is a renewable source of energy. Hydropower contributes significantly to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Hydropower is a clean form of energy and leaves no environmentally harmful residues. Hydroelectric power generation is the most cost-efficient energy which is not sensitive to fuel price fluctuations and increases. Hydropower reservoirs are vitally important for water supply, irrigation and flood protection. Hydropower contributes significantly to regional economic and social development. Hydropower preserves fossil fuel resources

2 The Benefits of Hydropower and Pumped Storage The Enabler for Big Scale Integration of Renewables Hydropower improves electric grid stability and reliability. Hydropower s unique operational flexibility and storage capacity make it the most efficient and cost-effective way to support the deployment of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power Hydro capacity additions by region (GW) Hydro capacity additions total: 31.5 GW Pumped hydro capacity additions : 6.4 GW (figures in brackets) nearly twice the amount installed in 2015 Source: International Hydropower Association, 2017 Key Trends in Hydropower 4 Wasserkraft - Quo Vadis? 2

3 Worldwide distribution of pumped storage capacity (GW) Global operational energy storage power capacity by technology group, mid-2017 Source: U.S. DOE, 2017 Source: International Hydropower Association, 2017 Key Trends in Hydropower 5 Wasserkraft - Quo Vadis? Global Investments in Electricity Storage, 2015 (USD 2015 Mio) Source: Hydro Equipment Association, Global Technology Roadmap, 2015 Source: IEA - World Energy Investment Wasserkraft - Quo Vadis? 3

4 Storage Technologies are complementary Positioning of diverse energy storage technologies per their power rating and discharge times at rated power Source: US DOE/EPRI, Wasserkraft - Quo Vadis? Characteristics of stationary electricity storage systems Source: IRENA (2017), Electricity Storage and Renewables: Costs and Markets to Wasserkraft - Quo Vadis? 4

5 Characteristics of stationary electricity storage systems Source: IRENA (2017), Electricity Storage and Renewables: Costs and Markets to Wasserkraft - Quo Vadis? Advantages and Disadvantages of PSP Compared to other storage technologies ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Established technology with high technical maturity and extensive operational experience Very low self-discharge Reasonable round-trip efficiency Large volume storage and long storage periods are possible Low energy installation costs Good start/stop flexibility Long life and low costs of storage Geographic restrictions, since a suitable site with large land use is needed Low energy density (large footprint) High initial investment costs, long construction period and long time to recover investment Environmental concerns

6 Hydropower demonstrates European technology leadership & innovation 1. European hydropower manufacturers have 2/3 global market share. 2. European hydropower manufacturers spend more than 5% of turn-over on R&D, which is more than twice as high than economy-wide expenditure and more than the 3% EU-target (as percentage share of GDP). 3. Constant innovation to maintain global leadership and deal with challenges of renewable integration and environmental challenges. Focus area of innovation in the European hydropower sector: Cost reduction and increased output > digitalization!!! Flexibility for dealing with variable renewables and changing market environment > digitalization!!! Environmental-friendly development Tailored design for complex site conditions Adaptation to climate change (e.g. solutions for dam safety and safe operations) 11 Providing Flexibility Base load units able to deliver ancillary services primary control secondary control frequent start/stops Innovation of electro-mechanical equipment dynamic load vs lifetime of turbine and generator high voltage insulation for frequent start/stop stability of hydraulic-electrical system Efficient use of power converter technology by increasing voltage range up to 20 kv

7 Increasing hydroelectricity production Increase availability Lifetime prediction tools Monitoring & diagnostic systems Material innovation, like coating Increase power density and efficiency of generator units Fast and reliable thermo-mechanical and electro-magnetic model Validation with field data Integrate small, non-conventional or multi-purpose hydro plant into the grid 13 Deployment options of pumped hydro storage Standardization small pump storage plants Systematic investigation of unconventional sites Sea water, underground reservoirs, artificial lagoons, slag heaps, Low head pump turbines Upgrade conventional power plants into pump storage plants

8 Future approaches for a changing power mix The Kidston Renewable Energy Hub in Australia First integrated solar/pumped hydro project in the world The integration of solar and pumped storage will provide stability to the grid and assist with the growth of renewables in Queensland The Kidston Solar Project (Phase One 50 MW PV) solar panels online by early MWh / year of renewable energy Providing over households entirely with renewable energy Offsetting tons of CO 2 / year Removing cars off Australian roads Increasing renewable energy in Queensland by 5.5% co-located with The Kidston Pumped Storage Hydro Project (250MW) Kidston Solar Project (Phase Two 270 MW PV) anticipated to generate MWh / year Powering ~ Australian homes Offsetting ~ tons of CO 2 / year Removing ~ cars off Australian roads Source: Future approaches for a changing power mix Integrated Wind / Pumped Hydro project in Germany Source:

9 Key Policy Recommendations 1. Establish a level playing field in Europe between hydropower and other technologies. 2. Design the electricity market to reflect the real value of flexible and firm capacity in different time frames. 3. Remove remaining obstacles to cross-border trade and strengthen interconnecting infrastructure. 4. Avoid double grid fees for pump-storage power plants. 5. Align currently conflicting EU policy goals and legislation in the field of water management, environment, renewable energy generation and climate change adaptation & mitigation. 6. Use EU R&D and technology programs as a contribution to facilitate innovation in hydropower, in order to maintain the hydropower technology leadership in Europe