Recycling urban organic waste to agriculture and horticulture

Transcription

1 Recycling urban organic waste to agriculture and horticulture Innovative strategies Kor Zwart Funded by the European Union Joint Scientific Workshop FertiPlus-IneMad-ReUseWaste-Biorefine Cluster Europe Neudietendorf (D) May 26th 2015

2 Approach Liquid versus Solid waste Current Situation Desired situation Perspectives

3 Liquid municipal waste

4 ` Current Aim: Removal of: Liquid Waste Processing Protection of surface waters COD; BOD; Toxic components; Nutrients

5 Liquid Waste Processing Current Strategy: Collect it all Process it all in a mixed system

6 Marthe de Graaff, thesis WUR, (2010)

7 Large sludge production

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9 Current Waste Water Treatment EU UWWTD

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11 Article 3 EU, 2012 (EC, 2012)

12 Article 4 EU, 2012 (EC, 2012)

13 Article 5 EU, 2012 (EC, 2012)

14 Liquid Waste Processing Future Aim Recycling of Nutrients & Organics; Protection of surface waters

15 Liquid Waste Processing Future Aim Current Strategy: Collect it all Process it all in a mixed system

16 Marthe de Graaff, thesis WUR, (2010) 16

17 Solid Municipal Waste Current Aim: Deposit prevention Recycling where possible

18 Solid Municipal Waste Current strategy: Separation at Source Separation after collection Recycling recyclables Composting Organics Combustion RDF

19 EU MSW Recycling Current Situation MSW waste recycling as a percentage of municipal waste generation, 2001 and 2010

20 Biowaste Recycling Bio-waste recycling as a percentage of municipal waste generation, 2001 and 2010

21 Percentage of biodegradable municipal waste landfilled in each European country with derogation periods for fulfilling the BMW diversion targets of the EU Landfill Directive, compared with the amount generated in 1995.

22 Organic Municipal Waste Future Aim: End of Waste Recycle all

23 Organic Municipal Waste Future strategy: Separation at Source Separation after collection Organic Fertilizer Energy (Bio)refinery

24 Organic Fractions

25 From Organic Waste to (Organic) Fertilizer 25

26 LW MSW Org Mineral Organic Biogas/ digestate Liquids Solids Pyrolysis Nutrient recovery Water Agriculture Biorefinery Compost OMF SOF

27 Towards a Biobased Economy

28 Effects of a BIOBASED Economy More biomass needed for: Food; Fuel; Biomass Based Products

29 Biobased Energy

30 Effects BBE EU Max of 5% biofuels from food crops Demand for organic residues for energy will increase the demand for Crops Waste Currently affecting biogas installations

31 Biomass the New Gold (?) Biomass the New Gold

32 Effects BBE : Crop residues return to the soil Biomass available for composting Organic matter return to the soils due to further processing of animal manure Soil Organic Matter under pressure

33 Effects Soil on BBE Most important Primary Production factor Soil fertility determines Biomass Yield and Quality

34 Boosting BBE Increased Biomass Demand Decreasing SOM Decreasing Yields Less Biomass

35 SOM: What are we talking about? Role OM in soils Amounts Dynamics

36 Role of SOM Biology Source of energy Source of carbon, nutrients Resilience soil-plant system Physics Soil structure Water retention Thermal properties Chemistry CEC Buffer capacity Complexation SOIL ORGANIC MATTER

37 Challenge To produce new types of organic fertilizers Same functionalities as SOM at lower soil contents High water retention High CEC Good soil structure Nutrients (?) Soil biology

38 What is an ideal organic fertilizer? Aspects to consider: Function of Soil Organic Matter (SOM) Nutrients to crops Soil formation Energy needed for production GHG effects Costs...

39 Property Ideal organic fertilizer Unit / Remark Water Holding Capacity 20 x its own weight Annual Stability 0.1-3% degradation Soil organisms ++ effect Only above 10- N-mineralization o C CEC cmol/kg OM Soil structure and stability ++ Cost price ( ) Low, effect dependent Energy balance ++ Overall production GHG balance ++ process

40 New organic products New Process / Technology Needed Combined process: Biological/Chemical Anaerobic to preserve energy Aerobic to create stability and CEC (AEC?) To manage N P mineralization

41 Take Home Messages Further Separation at Source Biorefinery (?) Recovery of Energy and Nutrients New organic fertilizer needed in BBE BBE may help to produce such products

42 WHY PRODUCE WASTE IF YOU THROW IT AWAY ANYWAY 42

43 43

44 Clay content SOM types in SOIL types CLAY 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Soluble Particulate Humus Inert SAND 0% CEC Soil structure Energy for biological processes Provision of Nutrients Soil Temperature After:

45 SOM amounts Plough layer 30 cm Ton / ha Soil 3750 Org matter (3%) 115 (Living) 1.2 C-total (1.5%) 57.5 N-total (0.15%) 5.8

46 SOM Dynamics

47 SOM decomposition and compensation