Present Situation of Solid Waste Management in Yangon City

Transcription

1 Present Situation of Solid Waste Management in Yangon City Nirmala Menikpura, PhD Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) Group Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) 1

2 General background of Yangon City Yangon is the former capital of Myanmar and remains as the most important centre of commerce, politics and culture. Total area of Yangon city is 759 km 2 and the population is 4.72 million (as of December 2012) There are 33 townships in Yangon region and divided into four districts North, South, East and West Administrative boundary of Yangon City Development Committee Source :YCDC 2

3 Waste management in Yangon City Pollution Control and Cleansing Department (PCCD) is responsible for waste management in Yangon city Responsibilities of PCCD in Waste management Daily Management -Waste Collection -Waste Transportation -Disposal at the final disposal sites Pollution Control (progressing) -Final disposal sites management -Recycling -Green composting -Awareness raising 3

4 Waste generation and composition in Yangon tonnes/day kg/capita/day tonnes/day Paper & textile 0.1% Plastic 10 % others, 10 % Organic waste, 76% Total waste generation - 1,690 toness/day Total waste collection - 1,550 tonnes/day The remaining 140 tonnes share the recycling and illegal dumping More than 75% of waste is organic 4

5 Monthly fee for waste collection service Satellite TSP 300 Kyat per day Old suburbs-300 kyat per month/household Sub-Urban kyat per month/household Central Business District - (600) kyat per month/household Charges from commercial centers, hotels etc. are based on sizes, kind of facilities, waste types and others Picture by YCDC 5

6 Waste collection methods in Yangon 1. Bell Ringing System By carts By Trucks 2. Collection at a street Dumps Yard 3. Kerb side collection Pictures by YCDC 6

7 Waste separation at Yangon Waste is mainly separated into two parts: Wet and Dry However, all the separated waste is loaded to the same vehicle for transportation Pictures by YCDC 7

8 Waste collection vehicles There are 13 kinds of trucks are used for waste transportation No. of trucks available 297 and capacity of trucks varies 2-8 tonnes/trip Many trucks are too old and often, vehicle breakdown do happen. Pictures by YCDC 8

9 Existing dumping sites in Yangon 57 Hlaw Gar Shwe Pyi Thar Htain Bin 6 2 Htawe Chaung 1 Kyi Su 3 30 Km 26 Km Da La 4 9

10 Present situation of open dumpsite at HtainBin This is the biggest open dumpsite in YCDC 847 tonnes of incoming waste is disposed per day Future PCDC is planning to implement a landfill gas-to-energy recovery plant to replace this open dumpsite 10

11 Present situation of open dumpsite at Htwei Chaung This is the second biggest open dumpsite 612 tonnes of incoming waste is disposed per day Future YCDC is considering installation of incineration plant (with electricity recovery) 11

12 Present situation of small open dumpsites Dumpsite at Shwe Pyi Thar Disposal capacity 50 tonnes/day Dumpsite at Hlaw Ger Disposal capacity 25 tonnes/day Future YCDC is considering installation of small incineration (without electricity production) plants to replace these dumpsites. 12

13 Situation of waste recycling in Yangon YCDC has estimated that 86 tonnes/day generated waste is recycling Valuable recyclables are stored at household level and sell to the nearby junkshops YCDC is also running a small-scale plastic recycling plant and green and blue plastics bag is produced using the waste plastic. Composition of recyclables in Yangon Plastic recycling activities at YCDC 13

14 Estimation of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from current waste management in Yangon IGES GHG calculation tool was used to estimate the climate impacts from current waste management in Yangon GHG emissions from Waste Transportation YCDC uses 128,704 L diesel and 900 L of gasoline for waste transportation GHG emissions from transportation Monthly GHG emission from transportation 7.51 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of waste 349 tonnes of CO2-eq/month GHG emissions from open dumping Emission of CH 4 from open dumping Direct GHG emission from mixed waste open dumping GHG emission from open dumping from monthly disposed waste kg of CH 4 /tonne kg of CO2-eq/tonne of mix waste 22,342 Tonnes of CO2-eq/month CH4 generation (Gg from monthly disposed waste) Year (after disposal) 14

15 Estimation of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from current waste management in Yangon GHG emissions from recycling activities in Yangon Direct GHG emissions from recycling Avoided GHG emissions from recycling via materials recovery Net GHG emissions from recycling (life cycle perspective) Monthly total GHG reduction from recycling kg of CO2-eq/tonne of mixed recyclables kg of CO2-eq/tonne of mixed recyclables kg of CO2-eq/tonne of mixed recyclables -4,593 Tonnes of CO2-eq/month Overall GHG emission from waste management in Yangon ,342 Tonnes of CO2-eq.month GHG emissions from transportation GHG emissions from opendumping GHG reduction from recycling ,098 Overall GHG emissions from waste management

16 YCDC plan for future waste management Landfill gas-to-energy recovery and incineration would be the two major technologies in the intended waste management system in Yangon Our suggestions to improve the climate benefits and other co-benefits from waste management Careful planning is very important in the designing phase to avoid the failure that may happen after the implementation Improving the efficiency of the landfill gas recovery is the key to mitigate GHG. That can be done by starting gas recovery soon while waste tipping continues, and extending the duration of gas recovery project to cover the peak production period of methane Composition and the moisture content of the waste can be greatly effected on the efficiency of the incineration plant. Pre-treatment would be necessary to reduce the moisture content waste prior to combustion Despite all the waste-to-energy technologies, development of proper recycling scheme in Yangon would contribute for significant GHG reduction and then to attain the target of low carbon city 16

17 Points to be discussed for further improvements How to select a appropriate set of technologies (especially pre-treatments) to match with waste characteristics of Yangon city? How to establish a capacity of local governmental officials to plan and operate integrated approach for long term sustainability of waste management? How to secure operational costs for upgraded technologies and approaches? How to improve the efficiencies of proposed waste-to energy technologies to extract maximum amount of energy from waste? How to reduce running costs including fossil fuel input? What are the possibilities for applying JCM? How to improve recycling activities in Yangon to divert waste flows going into landfill and reduce GHG? 17

18 THANK YOU VERY MUCH Nirmala Menikpura, PhD Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) group, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) 18